Pub Date : 2017-03-01Epub Date: 2016-11-08DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0107-0
Chun-Jie Huang, Yi-Feng Yuan, Di Wu, Faheem Ahmed Khan, Xiao-Fei Jiao, Li-Jun Huo
Maintenance and timely termination of cohesion on chromosomes ensures accurate chromosome segregation to guard against aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes and subsequent chromosomally abnormal pregnancies. Sororin, a cohesion stabilizer whose relevance in antagonizing the anti-cohesive property of Wings-apart like protein (Wapl), has been characterized in mitosis; however, the role of Sororin remains unclear during mammalian oocyte meiosis. Here, we show that Sororin is required for DNA damage repair and cohesion maintenance on chromosomes, and consequently, for mouse oocyte meiotic program. Sororin is constantly expressed throughout meiosis and accumulates on chromatins at germinal vesicle (GV) stage/G2 phase. It localizes onto centromeres from germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) to metaphase II stage. Inactivation of Sororin compromises the GVBD and first polar body extrusion (PBE). Furthermore, Sororin inactivation induces DNA damage indicated by positive γH2AX foci in GV oocytes and precocious chromatin segregation in MII oocytes. Finally, our data indicate that PlK1 and MPF dissociate Sororin from chromosome arms without affecting its centromeric localization. Our results define Sororin as a determinant during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation by favoring DNA damage repair and chromosome separation, and thereby, maintaining the genome stability and generating haploid gametes.
染色体上内聚力的维持和及时终止可确保染色体的准确分离，从而防止哺乳动物卵母细胞的非整倍体以及随后的染色体异常妊娠。Sororin是一种内聚力稳定剂，在有丝分裂过程中可拮抗类翼蛋白（Wapl）的反内聚力特性；然而，Sororin在哺乳动物卵母细胞减数分裂过程中的作用仍不清楚。在这里，我们发现索罗林是 DNA 损伤修复和染色体内聚力维持所必需的，因此也是小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂程序所必需的。Sororin在整个减数分裂过程中持续表达，并在生殖泡（GV）期/G2期时聚集在染色单体上。从生殖泡破裂（GVBD）到分裂后期的第二阶段，它都会定位在中心粒上。Sororin 失活会影响 GVBD 和第一次极体挤出（PBE）。此外，Sororin 失活还会诱发 DNA 损伤，表现为 GV 卵母细胞中的γH2AX 阳性病灶和 MII 卵母细胞中的染色质早分离。最后，我们的数据表明，PlK1 和 MPF 能使 Sororin 从染色体臂上解离，而不影响其着丝粒定位。我们的研究结果确定了Sororin在小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂成熟过程中的决定性作用，它有利于DNA损伤修复和染色体分离，从而维持基因组的稳定性并产生单倍体配子。
{"title":"The cohesion stabilizer sororin favors DNA repair and chromosome segregation during mouse oocyte meiosis.","authors":"Chun-Jie Huang, Yi-Feng Yuan, Di Wu, Faheem Ahmed Khan, Xiao-Fei Jiao, Li-Jun Huo","doi":"10.1007/s11626-016-0107-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11626-016-0107-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintenance and timely termination of cohesion on chromosomes ensures accurate chromosome segregation to guard against aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes and subsequent chromosomally abnormal pregnancies. Sororin, a cohesion stabilizer whose relevance in antagonizing the anti-cohesive property of Wings-apart like protein (Wapl), has been characterized in mitosis; however, the role of Sororin remains unclear during mammalian oocyte meiosis. Here, we show that Sororin is required for DNA damage repair and cohesion maintenance on chromosomes, and consequently, for mouse oocyte meiotic program. Sororin is constantly expressed throughout meiosis and accumulates on chromatins at germinal vesicle (GV) stage/G2 phase. It localizes onto centromeres from germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) to metaphase II stage. Inactivation of Sororin compromises the GVBD and first polar body extrusion (PBE). Furthermore, Sororin inactivation induces DNA damage indicated by positive γH2AX foci in GV oocytes and precocious chromatin segregation in MII oocytes. Finally, our data indicate that PlK1 and MPF dissociate Sororin from chromosome arms without affecting its centromeric localization. Our results define Sororin as a determinant during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation by favoring DNA damage repair and chromosome separation, and thereby, maintaining the genome stability and generating haploid gametes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"8 1","pages":"258-264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11626-016-0107-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90557686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01eCollection Date: 2016-01-01DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e10356
Pedro Cardoso, Pavel Stoev, Teodor Georgiev, Viktor Senderov, Lyubomir Penev
{"title":"Species Conservation Profiles compliant with the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.","authors":"Pedro Cardoso, Pavel Stoev, Teodor Georgiev, Viktor Senderov, Lyubomir Penev","doi":"10.3897/BDJ.4.e10356","DOIUrl":"10.3897/BDJ.4.e10356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"10 1","pages":"e10356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5018116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90550017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Won Hwa Kim, Sathya N Ravi, Sterling C Johnson, Ozioma C Okonkwo, Vikas Singh
A variety of studies in neuroscience/neuroimaging seek to perform statistical inference on the acquired brain image scans for diagnosis as well as understanding the pathological manifestation of diseases. To do so, an important first step is to register (or co-register) all of the image data into a common coordinate system. This permits meaningful comparison of the intensities at each voxel across groups (e.g., diseased versus healthy) to evaluate the effects of the disease and/or use machine learning algorithms in a subsequent step. But errors in the underlying registration make this problematic, they either decrease the statistical power or make the follow-up inference tasks less effective/accurate. In this paper, we derive a novel algorithm which offers immunity to local errors in the underlying deformation field obtained from registration procedures. By deriving a deformation invariant representation of the image, the downstream analysis can be made more robust as if one had access to a (hypothetical) far superior registration procedure. Our algorithm is based on recent work on scattering transform. Using this as a starting point, we show how results from harmonic analysis (especially, non-Euclidean wavelets) yields strategies for designing deformation and additive noise invariant representations of large 3-D brain image volumes. We present a set of results on synthetic and real brain images where we achieve robust statistical analysis even in the presence of substantial deformation errors; here, standard analysis procedures significantly under-perform and fail to identify the true signal.
{"title":"On Statistical Analysis of Neuroimages with Imperfect Registration.","authors":"Won Hwa Kim, Sathya N Ravi, Sterling C Johnson, Ozioma C Okonkwo, Vikas Singh","doi":"10.1109/ICCV.2015.83","DOIUrl":"10.1109/ICCV.2015.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A variety of studies in neuroscience/neuroimaging seek to perform statistical inference on the acquired brain image scans for diagnosis as well as understanding the pathological manifestation of diseases. To do so, an important first step is to register (or co-register) all of the image data into a common coordinate system. This permits meaningful comparison of the intensities at each voxel across groups (e.g., diseased versus healthy) to evaluate the effects of the disease and/or use machine learning algorithms in a subsequent step. But errors in the underlying registration make this problematic, they either decrease the statistical power or make the follow-up inference tasks less effective/accurate. In this paper, we derive a novel algorithm which offers immunity to local errors in the underlying deformation field obtained from registration procedures. By deriving a deformation invariant representation of the image, the downstream analysis can be made more robust as if one had access to a (hypothetical) far superior registration procedure. Our algorithm is based on recent work on scattering transform. Using this as a starting point, we show how results from harmonic analysis (especially, non-Euclidean wavelets) yields strategies for designing deformation and additive noise invariant representations of large 3-D brain image volumes. We present a set of results on synthetic and real brain images where we achieve robust statistical analysis even in the presence of substantial deformation errors; here, standard analysis procedures significantly under-perform and fail to identify the true signal.</p>","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"8 1","pages":"666-674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4816646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90565845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.15496/PUBLIKATION-20005
Guillaume Porraz, A. Val, Laure Dayet, P. D. L. Peña, Katja Douze, Christopher J. Miller, M. Murungi, C. Tribolo, Viola C. Schmid, C. Sievers
In this paper, we introduce a recently initiated research project conducted at Bushman Rock Shelter, on the northeastern edge of the Highveld plateau in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Previous excavations carried out at the site during the 1960s and 1970s exposed a deep and well-stratified sequence of c. 7 metres of archaeological deposits associated with Later and Middle Stone Age occupations (LSA and MSA). Owing to the lack of contextual information, Bushman Rock Shelter remains poorly studied despite recording cultural and palaeoenvironmental data that are key for the understanding of the South African Stone Age. Here, we propose a synthesis of the 1967–1976 excavations led by Hannes Eloff and provide general background information that will serve as a reference for future research. Our synthesis is based on previous publications by Ina Plug, as well as on Eloff ’s field diaries, which were thought to be lost. We complement these observations with data from our own 2014 field season, and pay tribute to the work previously done at the site. Finally, we discuss some aspects of the LSA/MSA contact at the site and comment on the presence of a bifacial lithic component in the upper MSA layers, which is reminiscent of the later Pietersburg.
{"title":"BUSHMAN ROCK SHELTER (LIMPOPO, SOUTH AFRICA): A PERSPECTIVE FROM THE EDGE OF THE HIGHVELD","authors":"Guillaume Porraz, A. Val, Laure Dayet, P. D. L. Peña, Katja Douze, Christopher J. Miller, M. Murungi, C. Tribolo, Viola C. Schmid, C. Sievers","doi":"10.15496/PUBLIKATION-20005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15496/PUBLIKATION-20005","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce a recently initiated research project conducted at Bushman Rock Shelter, on the northeastern edge of the Highveld plateau in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Previous excavations carried out at the site during the 1960s and 1970s exposed a deep and well-stratified sequence of c. 7 metres of archaeological deposits associated with Later and Middle Stone Age occupations (LSA and MSA). Owing to the lack of contextual information, Bushman Rock Shelter remains poorly studied despite recording cultural and palaeoenvironmental data that are key for the understanding of the South African Stone Age. Here, we propose a synthesis of the 1967–1976 excavations led by Hannes Eloff and provide general background information that will serve as a reference for future research. Our synthesis is based on previous publications by Ina Plug, as well as on Eloff ’s field diaries, which were thought to be lost. We complement these observations with data from our own 2014 field season, and pay tribute to the work previously done at the site. Finally, we discuss some aspects of the LSA/MSA contact at the site and comment on the presence of a bifacial lithic component in the upper MSA layers, which is reminiscent of the later Pietersburg.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"70 1","pages":"166-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67154647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.15496/PUBLIKATION-20004
Manuel Will, Gregor D. Bader, N. Conard
{"title":"The lithic technology of Holley Shelter, KwaZulu-Natal and its place within the MSA of southern Africa","authors":"Manuel Will, Gregor D. Bader, N. Conard","doi":"10.15496/PUBLIKATION-20004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15496/PUBLIKATION-20004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67154020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review(s) of: From hand to handle. The first industrial revolution, by Barham, L. 2013, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 384 pp. ISBN 978-0-19-960471-5 (hardback). Price 75.00. pounds; Stone tools in the paleolithic and neolithic near east. A guide, by Shea, J.J. 2013, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 422 pp. ISBN 978-1-1070-0698-0 (hardback), Price US$99.00; The emergence of pressure blade making. From origin to modern experimentation, by Desrosiers, P.M. (Editor) 2012, New York: Springer, Xii + 540 pp. ISBN 978-1-4614-2002-6 (hardback), Price C127.15.
{"title":"From hand to handle. The first industrial revolution [Book Review]","authors":"S. Wurz","doi":"10.5860/choice.51-6829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-6829","url":null,"abstract":"Review(s) of: From hand to handle. The first industrial revolution, by Barham, L. 2013, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 384 pp. ISBN 978-0-19-960471-5 (hardback). Price 75.00. pounds; Stone tools in the paleolithic and neolithic near east. A guide, by Shea, J.J. 2013, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 422 pp. ISBN 978-1-1070-0698-0 (hardback), Price US$99.00; The emergence of pressure blade making. From origin to modern experimentation, by Desrosiers, P.M. (Editor) 2012, New York: Springer, Xii + 540 pp. ISBN 978-1-4614-2002-6 (hardback), Price C127.15.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"69 1","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71146836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Estimates of age at death that are both accurate and precise can provide information about the patterns and causes of premature mortality in both Later Stone Age and Iron Age archaeology. Assuming a link between subsistence and health, differences in patterns of childhood growth are hypothesized. The best source of this information comes from the formation of tooth crowns and roots. Through the study of femur shafts from Later StoneAge juvenile skeletons, it can be demon strated that linear growth was normal in tempo. The study offemora from a smaller number of Iron Age juvenile skeletons suggests that growth in this group did notfollow a normal pattern, perhaps because prolonged ill health preceded death. Growth of Iron Age children who failed to reach adulthood appears to be variable but slow and this may provide insights into the Iron Age biosocial environment. Because of the demonstrated correlation between dental development and femur shaft length, the Later Stone Age juvenile long bone lengths provided here can be used in Later Stone Age contexts to estimate chronological age at death if dental information is unavailable. This approach should not be used in Iron Age contexts, since such an approach is likely to yield biased (under-aged) estimates of age at death.
{"title":"Juvenile mortality in Southern African archaeological contexts","authors":"Lesley Harrington, S. Pfeiffer","doi":"10.2307/20475004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20475004","url":null,"abstract":"Estimates of age at death that are both accurate and precise can provide information about the patterns and causes of premature mortality in both Later Stone Age and Iron Age archaeology. Assuming a link between subsistence and health, differences in patterns of childhood growth are hypothesized. The best source of this information comes from the formation of tooth crowns and roots. Through the study of femur shafts from Later StoneAge juvenile skeletons, it can be demon strated that linear growth was normal in tempo. The study offemora from a smaller number of Iron Age juvenile skeletons suggests that growth in this group did notfollow a normal pattern, perhaps because prolonged ill health preceded death. Growth of Iron Age children who failed to reach adulthood appears to be variable but slow and this may provide insights into the Iron Age biosocial environment. Because of the demonstrated correlation between dental development and femur shaft length, the Later Stone Age juvenile long bone lengths provided here can be used in Later Stone Age contexts to estimate chronological age at death if dental information is unavailable. This approach should not be used in Iron Age contexts, since such an approach is likely to yield biased (under-aged) estimates of age at death.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20475004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68234235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A major topic in southern African archaeology, particularly in the western Cape, concerns the differentiation of herder from hunter gatherer signatures. Argument has largelyfocused on the interpreta tion of direct evidence, in theform of remainsfrom domestic animals, and more indirect evidence, in theform of cultural markers derived from the typology of stone implements and ceramics, and average size of ostrich eggshell beads. Current views suggest a spectrum from hunter-gatherers to hunter-gatherers with sheep to herders andfinally to pastoralists, the latter having both a strong economic and cosmolog ical involvement with livestock. However, the assignment of individ ual sites and assemblages, particularly small ones, to these categories can be elusive. Simon Se Klip provides an alternative source of evidence relevant to this issue, namely settlement pattern. This is the first time in the western Cape that the use of stone as a building mate rial has enabled the virtually complete reconstruction of a precolonial settlement. The first millennium builders were able to provide con trolled access and secure penningfor their livestock by taking advan tage of natural topographicalfeatures of the site and augmenting these with rather minimal stone walling. Domestic areas were also partly defined by linear arrangements of rocks. The pattern demonstrates that livestock were a central concern for this pastoralist community.
南部非洲考古学的一个主要课题，特别是在西开普省，涉及牧民与狩猎采集者签名的区别。争论主要集中在对直接证据的解释上，以家畜遗骸的形式，以及更间接的证据，以石器和陶瓷的类型和鸵鸟蛋壳珠的平均大小的文化标志的形式。目前的观点认为，从狩猎采集者到带羊的狩猎采集者，再到牧民，最后到牧民，后者在经济和宇宙学上都与牲畜有很强的联系。然而，个别地点和组合的分配，特别是小的，这些类别可能是难以捉摸的。Simon Se Klip提供了与这个问题有关的另一种证据来源，即定居模式。这是西开普省第一次使用石头作为建筑材料，几乎完全重建了前殖民时期的定居点。千禧年的第一批建造者能够利用场地的自然地形特征，为牲畜提供可控的通道和安全的围栏，并通过相当小的石墙来增加这些。国内地区也部分由岩石的线性排列来界定。这种模式表明，牲畜是这个游牧社区的主要关注点。
{"title":"Simon Se Klip at Steenbokfontein: the settlement pattern of a built pastoralist encampment on the West Coast of South Africa","authors":"A. Jerardino, T. Maggs","doi":"10.2307/20474966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20474966","url":null,"abstract":"A major topic in southern African archaeology, particularly in the western Cape, concerns the differentiation of herder from hunter gatherer signatures. Argument has largelyfocused on the interpreta tion of direct evidence, in theform of remainsfrom domestic animals, and more indirect evidence, in theform of cultural markers derived from the typology of stone implements and ceramics, and average size of ostrich eggshell beads. Current views suggest a spectrum from hunter-gatherers to hunter-gatherers with sheep to herders andfinally to pastoralists, the latter having both a strong economic and cosmolog ical involvement with livestock. However, the assignment of individ ual sites and assemblages, particularly small ones, to these categories can be elusive. Simon Se Klip provides an alternative source of evidence relevant to this issue, namely settlement pattern. This is the first time in the western Cape that the use of stone as a building mate rial has enabled the virtually complete reconstruction of a precolonial settlement. The first millennium builders were able to provide con trolled access and secure penningfor their livestock by taking advan tage of natural topographicalfeatures of the site and augmenting these with rather minimal stone walling. Domestic areas were also partly defined by linear arrangements of rocks. The pattern demonstrates that livestock were a central concern for this pastoralist community.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20474966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68234671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION Since excavations at Elands Bay Cave thirty years ago, a small number of nearby sites were excavated in the late 1970s and early 1980s in order to provide complementary observations to those made from this large shelter (Horwitz 1979; Klein & Cruz-Uribe 1987; Manhire 1987; Noli 1988; Parkington & Poggenpoel 1987; Robey 1987). In the midst of these studies, Parkington et al. (1986) explored the nature of the impact of pastoralism on local hunter-gatherer populations by attempting to integrate various lines of evidence, a topic revived later with a rock art perspective and additional quantified data by Yates et al. (1994). A synthesis of the local cultural sequence was proposed by Parkington et al. (1988), in which various issues requiring further research were also highlighted. Some of these issues were taken up by further studies focusing on sites located to the north (Lamberts Bay) and south of Elands Bay and by refining the chronology of already excavated sites (Wahl 1994; Jerardino 1995a, 1996, 1998; Jerardino & Yates 1996, 1997; Jerardino et al., in press). While much of the published observations of this latter research have helped to reconstruct and re-model the local cultural sequence between 8000 and 2000 BP, the same measure of understanding is not yet available for the pottery period (last 2000 years). Instead, separate and sitespecific observations remain either unpublished or not fully integrated into one cultural sequence (Horwitz 1979; Klein & Cruz-Uribe 1987; Robey 1987; Noli 1988; Wahl 1994; Jerardino 1998). Moreover, emphasis on the analysis of spatial patterns and ceramic stylistic changes at Dunefield Midden has, unwittingly, channelled research efforts away from establishing a cultural sequence for the pottery period (Parkington et al. 1992; Kent 1998; Orton 2002; Stewart 2006). Clearly, quantified data pertaining to the last two millennia in the study area are in need of being updated and synthesized. Although this is a task beyond the purpose of this paper, a productive approach for now is to build a good empirical basis for the pottery period. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to report on the findings at ‘Grootrif G’ (GFG), a site with late-pottery period occupation in the Lamberts Bay area, and to discuss these in the light of available contemporary observations. Excavations were initially undertaken at GFG with the aim of rescuing material eroding from exposed sections. In later years it also became evident that excavations at GFG could also increase the number of observations for the pottery period in the northern-most part of the study area, as what is known about the pottery period has been derived almost entirely from sites located to the south around Elands Bay.
自30年前在埃兰兹湾洞穴进行挖掘以来，在20世纪70年代末和80年代初，为了提供对这个大型避难所的补充观察(Horwitz 1979;Klein & Cruz-Uribe 1987;Manhire 1987;禁止1988;Parkington & Poggenpoel 1987;罗比1987)。在这些研究中，Parkington et al.(1986)通过尝试整合各种证据线，探索了畜牧业对当地狩猎采集者人口影响的本质，后来Yates et al.(1994)从岩石艺术的角度和额外的量化数据重新开始了这个主题。Parkington et al.(1988)提出了对当地文化序列的综合，其中也强调了需要进一步研究的各种问题。进一步研究集中于北部(兰伯特湾)和南部埃兰兹湾的遗址，并对已经发掘的遗址的年表进行整理，解决了其中的一些问题(Wahl 1994;1995,1996,1998;Jerardino & Yates 1996,1997;Jerardino等人，出版中)。虽然后一项研究的许多已发表的观察结果有助于重建和重新建模8000 - 2000 BP之间的当地文化序列，但对于陶器时期(最近2000年)，还没有同样的理解措施。相反，单独的和特定地点的观察结果要么没有发表，要么没有完全整合到一个文化序列中(Horwitz 1979;Klein & Cruz-Uribe 1987;罗比1987;禁止1988;Wahl 1994;Jerardino 1998)。此外，强调对Dunefield Midden的空间模式和陶瓷风格变化的分析，无意中使研究工作远离了建立陶器时期的文化序列(Parkington et al. 1992;肯特1998;奥尔顿2002;斯图尔特2006)。显然，有关研究区域过去两千年的量化数据需要更新和综合。虽然这是一项超出本文目的的任务，但目前一个富有成效的方法是为陶器时期建立一个良好的经验基础。因此，本文的目的是报告在“Grootrif G”(GFG)的发现，这是一个位于兰伯特湾地区的陶器晚期遗址，并根据现有的当代观察结果来讨论这些发现。挖掘最初是在GFG进行的，目的是抢救从暴露部分侵蚀的材料。在后来的几年里，很明显，在GFG的挖掘也可以增加研究区域北部大部分地区陶器时期的观察数量，因为对陶器时期的了解几乎完全来自于位于埃兰兹湾以南的遗址。
{"title":"Excavations at a hunter-gatherer site known as 'Grootrif G' shell midden, Lamberts Bay, Western Cape Province","authors":"A. Jerardino","doi":"10.2307/20474972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20474972","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Since excavations at Elands Bay Cave thirty years ago, a small number of nearby sites were excavated in the late 1970s and early 1980s in order to provide complementary observations to those made from this large shelter (Horwitz 1979; Klein & Cruz-Uribe 1987; Manhire 1987; Noli 1988; Parkington & Poggenpoel 1987; Robey 1987). In the midst of these studies, Parkington et al. (1986) explored the nature of the impact of pastoralism on local hunter-gatherer populations by attempting to integrate various lines of evidence, a topic revived later with a rock art perspective and additional quantified data by Yates et al. (1994). A synthesis of the local cultural sequence was proposed by Parkington et al. (1988), in which various issues requiring further research were also highlighted. Some of these issues were taken up by further studies focusing on sites located to the north (Lamberts Bay) and south of Elands Bay and by refining the chronology of already excavated sites (Wahl 1994; Jerardino 1995a, 1996, 1998; Jerardino & Yates 1996, 1997; Jerardino et al., in press). While much of the published observations of this latter research have helped to reconstruct and re-model the local cultural sequence between 8000 and 2000 BP, the same measure of understanding is not yet available for the pottery period (last 2000 years). Instead, separate and sitespecific observations remain either unpublished or not fully integrated into one cultural sequence (Horwitz 1979; Klein & Cruz-Uribe 1987; Robey 1987; Noli 1988; Wahl 1994; Jerardino 1998). Moreover, emphasis on the analysis of spatial patterns and ceramic stylistic changes at Dunefield Midden has, unwittingly, channelled research efforts away from establishing a cultural sequence for the pottery period (Parkington et al. 1992; Kent 1998; Orton 2002; Stewart 2006). Clearly, quantified data pertaining to the last two millennia in the study area are in need of being updated and synthesized. Although this is a task beyond the purpose of this paper, a productive approach for now is to build a good empirical basis for the pottery period. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to report on the findings at ‘Grootrif G’ (GFG), a site with late-pottery period occupation in the Lamberts Bay area, and to discuss these in the light of available contemporary observations. Excavations were initially undertaken at GFG with the aim of rescuing material eroding from exposed sections. In later years it also became evident that excavations at GFG could also increase the number of observations for the pottery period in the northern-most part of the study area, as what is known about the pottery period has been derived almost entirely from sites located to the south around Elands Bay.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20474972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68234682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bundu Farm: A Report on Archaeological and Palaeoenvironmental Assemblages from a Pan Site in Bushmanland, Northern Cape, South Africa","authors":"P. Kiberd","doi":"10.2307/20474927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20474927","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"61 1","pages":"189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20474927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68234498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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