{"title":"Every step of the way: the journey to freedom in South Africa","authors":"A. J. B. Humphreys, M. Morris","doi":"10.2307/3889247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"59 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68633904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postural behaviour of Later Stone Age people in South Africa","authors":"Genevieve Dewar, S. Pfeiffer","doi":"10.2307/3889243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"38 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68633801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Palaeodemography of Early Iron Age Toutswe Communities in Botswana","authors":"M. Mosothwane, M. Steyn","doi":"10.2307/3889242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"59 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68634129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cranial injuries to Later Stone Age children from the Modder River mouth, Western Cape Province, South Africa","authors":"S. Pfeiffer, N. J. Merwe","doi":"10.2307/3889244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"59 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68634023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distribution Patterns of Organic Residues on Middle Stone Age Points from Sibudu Cave, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa","authors":"M. Lombard","doi":"10.2307/3889241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"59 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68633763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The modern view of science differs significantly from the narrow stereotype adopted by Processual and Post-Processual schools. Archaeology conforms to this wider view once we separate the aim of the disciplinefrom its social practice. Our basic aim-to improve knowledge about the past-requires that we evaluate competing theories. Following modern scientific methodology, we can evaluate through the use of ampliative criteria. Furthermore, because human reasons cause behavioural regularities, we need to study prehistoric values and ideals. We can study such cognitive aspects in the same way as natural scientists study unobservables, that is, through their material effects.
{"title":"BEYOND DATA: THE AIM AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGY","authors":"T. Huffman","doi":"10.2307/3889245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889245","url":null,"abstract":"The modern view of science differs significantly from the narrow stereotype adopted by Processual and Post-Processual schools. Archaeology conforms to this wider view once we separate the aim of the disciplinefrom its social practice. Our basic aim-to improve knowledge about the past-requires that we evaluate competing theories. Following modern scientific methodology, we can evaluate through the use of ampliative criteria. Furthermore, because human reasons cause behavioural regularities, we need to study prehistoric values and ideals. We can study such cognitive aspects in the same way as natural scientists study unobservables, that is, through their material effects.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"59 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68634258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During an archaeological impact assessment in 1997, three shell middens were identified along a dune ridge 1.5 km from the shore at Melkbosstrand, about 22 km north of central Cape Town. They were subsequently excavated and yielded evidence of occupation beginning c. AD 700. Remains consisted mostly of shell and bone, with a very informal stone artefact assemblage. All three sites yielded ceramics and sheep bone; at one site sheep was the animal most frequently identified to species level. On the edge of one midden, a stone hearth 1.8 m in diameter was uncovered. This site cluster was almost certainly occupied by herders and, as such, constitutes the closest herder sites to Cape Town investigated to date.
{"title":"Excavations at Melkbosstrand: Variability among herder sites on Table Bay, South Africa","authors":"J. Sealy, T. Maggs, A. Jerardino, J. Kaplan","doi":"10.2307/3889319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889319","url":null,"abstract":"During an archaeological impact assessment in 1997, three shell middens were identified along a dune ridge 1.5 km from the shore at Melkbosstrand, about 22 km north of central Cape Town. They were subsequently excavated and yielded evidence of occupation beginning c. AD 700. Remains consisted mostly of shell and bone, with a very informal stone artefact assemblage. All three sites yielded ceramics and sheep bone; at one site sheep was the animal most frequently identified to species level. On the edge of one midden, a stone hearth 1.8 m in diameter was uncovered. This site cluster was almost certainly occupied by herders and, as such, constitutes the closest herder sites to Cape Town investigated to date.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"71 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68636178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Conard, M. Soressi, J. Parkington, S. Wurz, R. Yates
The authors and three students met for workshops on several occasions in Cape Town and Stellenbosch with the goal of defining a taxonomic system for chipped stone artefacts that can be applied to materials from the Early, Middle and Later Stone Age. The motivation for defining a ‘unified taxonomy’ stems from the need to develop a system for classifying multicomponent surface assemblages. The proposed taxonomy revises southern African systems by applying ideas and methods from European approaches to lithic technology. Given that much confusion exists on the classification of cores and core reduction, the lithic workshops focused on this class of artefact. Most of the variation encountered when examining material from Anyskop, Blombos, Geelbek, Hollow Rock Shelter and Klasies River Mouth could be placed within the taxa of Inclined, Parallel and Platform cores. These categories form the basis of the proposed taxonomy with the additional taxa of Initial, Multidirectional, Indeterminate Broken, Bipolar and Other being necessary for a small proportion of the cores that fall outside the range of the three main taxa. Blind tests using assemblages of cores from Blombos, Geelbek and Anyskop yielded a satisfactory degree of reproducibility and lend credibility to the proposed taxonomy. This paper also considers other key variables of cores including: the morphology of end products, degree of reduction, numbers of striking and removal surfaces, and degree of platform preparation.
作者和三名学生在开普敦和Stellenbosch举行了几次研讨会，目的是为早期、中期和晚期石器时代的材料定义一个碎片石制人工制品的分类系统。定义“统一分类法”的动机源于需要开发一种对多组分表面组合进行分类的系统。拟议的分类学通过将欧洲的方法和方法应用于石器技术，修订了南部非洲的系统。考虑到岩心的分类和岩心还原存在许多混乱，石器工作坊集中在这类人工制品上。在检查Anyskop, Blombos, Geelbek, Hollow Rock Shelter和Klasies River Mouth的材料时遇到的大多数变化都可以放在倾斜，平行和平台岩心的分类群中。这些分类构成了提出的分类的基础，初始分类群、多向分类群、不确定破碎分类群、双极分类群和其他分类群是一小部分不在这三个主要分类群范围内的核心所必需的。使用Blombos, Geelbek和Anyskop岩心组合进行的盲测获得了令人满意的可重复性，并为所提出的分类提供了可信度。本文还考虑了岩心的其他关键变量，包括:最终产品的形貌、还原程度、撞击和去除表面的数量以及平台制备程度。
{"title":"A unified lithic taxonomy based on patterns of core reduction","authors":"N. Conard, M. Soressi, J. Parkington, S. Wurz, R. Yates","doi":"10.2307/3889318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889318","url":null,"abstract":"The authors and three students met for workshops on several occasions in Cape Town and Stellenbosch with the goal of defining a taxonomic system for chipped stone artefacts that can be applied to materials from the Early, Middle and Later Stone Age. The motivation for defining a ‘unified taxonomy’ stems from the need to develop a system for classifying multicomponent surface assemblages. The proposed taxonomy revises southern African systems by applying ideas and methods from European approaches to lithic technology. Given that much confusion exists on the classification of cores and core reduction, the lithic workshops focused on this class of artefact. Most of the variation encountered when examining material from Anyskop, Blombos, Geelbek, Hollow Rock Shelter and Klasies River Mouth could be placed within the taxa of Inclined, Parallel and Platform cores. These categories form the basis of the proposed taxonomy with the additional taxa of Initial, Multidirectional, Indeterminate Broken, Bipolar and Other being necessary for a small proportion of the cores that fall outside the range of the three main taxa. Blind tests using assemblages of cores from Blombos, Geelbek and Anyskop yielded a satisfactory degree of reproducibility and lend credibility to the proposed taxonomy. This paper also considers other key variables of cores including: the morphology of end products, degree of reduction, numbers of striking and removal surfaces, and degree of platform preparation.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"59 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68635996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The late iron age sequence in the Marico and early Tswana history","authors":"J. Boeyens","doi":"10.2307/3889303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"58 1","pages":"63-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68636206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on preliminary observations and interpretations pertaining to a previously little-researched area and time frame. Artefacts, namely a bored stone, a grinding stone, an iron adze and fragments of what is concluded to be a clay grain bin, found in association during recent excavations on Melora Hilltop in Limpopo Province, are discussed in terms of both their mundane and ritual connotations. The ritual importance of seemingly mundane artefacts is implied. Their association and location argue for a shrine or place of ancestral ritual in a domestic space, possibly belonging to a person of status.
{"title":"RITUAL PRACTICE IN A DOMESTIC SPACE: EVIDENCE FROM MELORA HILLTOP, A LATE IRON AGE STONE-WALLED SETTLEMENT IN THE WATERBERG, LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA","authors":"M. Lombard, I. Parsons","doi":"10.2307/3889304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889304","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on preliminary observations and interpretations pertaining to a previously little-researched area and time frame. Artefacts, namely a bored stone, a grinding stone, an iron adze and fragments of what is concluded to be a clay grain bin, found in association during recent excavations on Melora Hilltop in Limpopo Province, are discussed in terms of both their mundane and ritual connotations. The ritual importance of seemingly mundane artefacts is implied. Their association and location argue for a shrine or place of ancestral ritual in a domestic space, possibly belonging to a person of status.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"58 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68636224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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