Symbolic and utilitarian interpretations have been proposedfor red ochre use in the African Middle Stone Age, but these have rarely been developed. . This paper reviews the hypotheses, recasts them in more explicit form and addresses the need for basic data for quantifying and describing ochre assemblages andfor synthesizing observations across a range of sites. Percentages of utilized material, by geological form and streak, from Late Pleistocene shelter sequences in southern Africa are used to investigate past selective preferences. Materials with saturated red streaks are disproportionately represented among utilized pieces, particularly among crayons. The findings are most consistent with use as pigment in a costly signalling strategy involving ritualized display. Theoretical and substantive grounds are given for inferring that the context for such display was probably collective ritual.
{"title":"Ochre in the Middle Stone Age of Southern Africa: Ritualised Display or Hide Preservative?","authors":"Ian Watts","doi":"10.2307/3889102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889102","url":null,"abstract":"Symbolic and utilitarian interpretations have been proposedfor red ochre use in the African Middle Stone Age, but these have rarely been developed. . This paper reviews the hypotheses, recasts them in more explicit form and addresses the need for basic data for quantifying and describing ochre assemblages andfor synthesizing observations across a range of sites. Percentages of utilized material, by geological form and streak, from Late Pleistocene shelter sequences in southern Africa are used to investigate past selective preferences. Materials with saturated red streaks are disproportionately represented among utilized pieces, particularly among crayons. The findings are most consistent with use as pigment in a costly signalling strategy involving ritualized display. Theoretical and substantive grounds are given for inferring that the context for such display was probably collective ritual.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"57 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68630603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hampson, W. Challis, G. Blundell, Conraad De Rosner
Little is known about the rock art of regions outside the more famous ones such as the Drakensberg and Cederberg. Mpumalanga Province in eastern South Africa is a case in point. While preliminary work has been undertaken in the southern Kruger National Park, very little of this material has been published. Recently, over 100 sites in and around
{"title":"THE ROCK ART OF BONGANI MOUNTAIN LODGE AND ITS ENVIRONS, MPUMALANGA PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA: AN INTRODUCTION TO PROBLEMS OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN ROCK-ART REGIONS","authors":"J. Hampson, W. Challis, G. Blundell, Conraad De Rosner","doi":"10.2307/3889103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889103","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about the rock art of regions outside the more famous ones such as the Drakensberg and Cederberg. Mpumalanga Province in eastern South Africa is a case in point. While preliminary work has been undertaken in the southern Kruger National Park, very little of this material has been published. Recently, over 100 sites in and around","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"57 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68630680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because foragers became pastoralists so late in southern Africa, their well-preserved remains can help us better understand the original herders of this world. The dominant thinking is that becoming herders is hard. Hunters share meat, herders keep it to themselves. Perhaps only a few hunters ever bridged this gap: the socially important habit of sharing meat may have held the rest back. Following this line of thinking, herding must have reached the southern tip of Africa with migrating herders because, otherwise, too many hunters would have had to bridge the gap for sheep to arrive by diffusion. This paper explores the opposite view: that becoming herders may not have been so hard. Faunal remains from two rockshelters in southeastern Botswana suggest that hunters could have first treated domestic stock as socially unimportant meat, not subject to rules of sharing. Continued hunting and sharing of large and medium game could have fulfilled social obligations, while privately owned domestic stock
{"title":"FAUNAL REMAINS IN THE TRANSITION FROM HUNTING TO HERDING IN SOUTHEASTERN BOTSWANA","authors":"K. Sadr, I. Plug","doi":"10.2307/3889030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889030","url":null,"abstract":"Because foragers became pastoralists so late in southern Africa, their well-preserved remains can help us better understand the original herders of this world. The dominant thinking is that becoming herders is hard. Hunters share meat, herders keep it to themselves. Perhaps only a few hunters ever bridged this gap: the socially important habit of sharing meat may have held the rest back. Following this line of thinking, herding must have reached the southern tip of Africa with migrating herders because, otherwise, too many hunters would have had to bridge the gap for sheep to arrive by diffusion. This paper explores the opposite view: that becoming herders may not have been so hard. Faunal remains from two rockshelters in southeastern Botswana suggest that hunters could have first treated domestic stock as socially unimportant meat, not subject to rules of sharing. Continued hunting and sharing of large and medium game could have fulfilled social obligations, while privately owned domestic stock","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"56 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68628980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Acheulean Factory Site with Prepared Core Technology near Taung, South Africa","authors":"K. Kuman","doi":"10.2307/3889024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"56 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68629096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chapter 1 Rock Art and Rock Art Research in Worldwide Perspective: An Introduction Part 2 Analytical and Management Methods Chapter 3 Rock Art Recording Chapter 4 Management Planning for Conservation Chapter 5 Relative Dating Methods Chapter 6 Dating by AMS Radiocarbon Analysis Chapter 7 Chronometric Techniques: Engravings Chapter 8 Physical and Chemical Analysis Chapter 9 Style and Classification Part 10 Interpretive Approaches Chapter 11 Studying Ancient Pictures as Pictures Chapter 12 Structural and Semiotic Approaches Chapter 13 Ethnographic Study and Symbolic Analysis Chapter 14 Brainstorming Images: Neuropsychology and Rock Art Research Chapter 15 Overview of World Rock Art Chapter 16 Archaic North America Chapter 17 North American Indian Agriculturalists 18 Paloelithic Europe Chapter 19 Post-Paleolithic Europe Chapter 20 Australia Chapter 21 Oceania Chapter 22 Saharan Africa Chapter 23 Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 24 Lowland South America Chapter 25 Andean South America Chapter 26 Asia Chapter 27 The Middle East
{"title":"Handbook of rock art research","authors":"D. Whitley","doi":"10.2307/3889035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889035","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 1 Rock Art and Rock Art Research in Worldwide Perspective: An Introduction Part 2 Analytical and Management Methods Chapter 3 Rock Art Recording Chapter 4 Management Planning for Conservation Chapter 5 Relative Dating Methods Chapter 6 Dating by AMS Radiocarbon Analysis Chapter 7 Chronometric Techniques: Engravings Chapter 8 Physical and Chemical Analysis Chapter 9 Style and Classification Part 10 Interpretive Approaches Chapter 11 Studying Ancient Pictures as Pictures Chapter 12 Structural and Semiotic Approaches Chapter 13 Ethnographic Study and Symbolic Analysis Chapter 14 Brainstorming Images: Neuropsychology and Rock Art Research Chapter 15 Overview of World Rock Art Chapter 16 Archaic North America Chapter 17 North American Indian Agriculturalists 18 Paloelithic Europe Chapter 19 Post-Paleolithic Europe Chapter 20 Australia Chapter 21 Oceania Chapter 22 Saharan Africa Chapter 23 Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 24 Lowland South America Chapter 25 Andean South America Chapter 26 Asia Chapter 27 The Middle East","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"56 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68629128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
information, such as that provided by a reflection in a mirror (Gallup, 1979), which indicates that, like us, chimpanzees have a knowledge of self. These shared behavioral traits were presumably in the repertoire of our common ancestor, which means that we evolved from a species that had the mental capacities required by those traits. Some, but not all, of these capacities are shared with the other two great ape genera, the orangs and gorillas, as well Chiarelli25/07/00+indiceIV/Com2 8-12-2000 17:08 Seite 373
{"title":"Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia","authors":"P. Tobias, M. Raath, J. Moggi-Cecchi, G. A. Doyle","doi":"10.26530/OAPEN_342033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26530/OAPEN_342033","url":null,"abstract":"information, such as that provided by a reflection in a mirror (Gallup, 1979), which indicates that, like us, chimpanzees have a knowledge of self. These shared behavioral traits were presumably in the repertoire of our common ancestor, which means that we evolved from a species that had the mental capacities required by those traits. Some, but not all, of these capacities are shared with the other two great ape genera, the orangs and gorillas, as well Chiarelli25/07/00+indiceIV/Com2 8-12-2000 17:08 Seite 373","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"56 1","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69483739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metal Assemblages from Greefswald Areas K2, Mapungubwe Hill and Mapungubwe Southern Terrace","authors":"Duncan Miller","doi":"10.2307/3889031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"56 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68629027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Middle and Later Stone Age Technology from the Lake Rukwa Rift, Southwestern Tanzania","authors":"P. Willoughby","doi":"10.2307/3889026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"56 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68629267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial Patterning, Cultural Identity and Site Integrity on Open Sites: Evidence from Bloeddrift 23, a Pre-Colonial Herder Camp in the Richtersveld, Northern Cape Province, South Africa","authors":"A. Smith, D. Halkett, T. Hart, B. Mutti","doi":"10.2307/3889025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"56 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68629247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：