{"title":"Pre-colonial settlement and subsistence along sandy shores south of Elands Bay, west coast, South Africa","authors":"A. Jerardino","doi":"10.2307/3889302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"58 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68636144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent genetic studies of living African peoples have suggested that the KhoiSan in particular are of very ancient stock and that they share some ancient genetic features with living East Africans. Archaeological and linguistic evidence for an ancient KhoiSan presence in East Africa has been used to support these arguments. A re-examination of the archaeological evidence does not support this stance. In particular, the bulk of the osteological evidence for KhoiSan presence in East Africa is flawed because it is drawn from a typological context where individual osteologicalfeatures were interpreted as KhoiSan and the total morphological pattern was not considered. More recent studies of archaeological specimens and living East Africans have not confirmed any KhoiSan linkage with East Africa. Linguistic evidence is also equivocal and the clicks found in East Africa may represent the remains of ancient linguistic phonemes rather than remnants of KhoiSan languages. Without the support of archaeological and linguistic evidence, the genetic similarities of East and South Africans should be seen as a more distant commonality of underlying genetic features of all Africans rather than a specific KhoiSan genetic identity. (The terminology used in this paper conforms to that of Jenkins & Tobias [1977]. The spelling of KhoiSan was adopted by the session on Nomenclature of People at the Origins of Humanity Workshop at Stellenbosch in September 2002 as part of the HSRC Africa Genome Initiative.)
{"title":"THE MYTH OF THE EAST AFRICAN 'BUSHMEN'","authors":"A. Morris","doi":"10.2307/3889305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889305","url":null,"abstract":"Recent genetic studies of living African peoples have suggested that the KhoiSan in particular are of very ancient stock and that they share some ancient genetic features with living East Africans. Archaeological and linguistic evidence for an ancient KhoiSan presence in East Africa has been used to support these arguments. A re-examination of the archaeological evidence does not support this stance. In particular, the bulk of the osteological evidence for KhoiSan presence in East Africa is flawed because it is drawn from a typological context where individual osteologicalfeatures were interpreted as KhoiSan and the total morphological pattern was not considered. More recent studies of archaeological specimens and living East Africans have not confirmed any KhoiSan linkage with East Africa. Linguistic evidence is also equivocal and the clicks found in East Africa may represent the remains of ancient linguistic phonemes rather than remnants of KhoiSan languages. Without the support of archaeological and linguistic evidence, the genetic similarities of East and South Africans should be seen as a more distant commonality of underlying genetic features of all Africans rather than a specific KhoiSan genetic identity. (The terminology used in this paper conforms to that of Jenkins & Tobias [1977]. The spelling of KhoiSan was adopted by the session on Nomenclature of People at the Origins of Humanity Workshop at Stellenbosch in September 2002 as part of the HSRC Africa Genome Initiative.)","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"58 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68635790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although it has been postulated that the scavenging of beached whales played an important role in the subsistence strategy of Later Stone Age people in southern Africa, there exists limited material evidence to support this hypothesis. At the locality Pottery in the Geelbek Dunes of the Western Cape, new analysis has demonstrated a clear association between 34 pieces of whale barnacle (Coronula diadema) and a roasting platform consisting of burned calcrete. This relationship confirms that LSA people scavenged whales from the shores of southern Africa, while processing the meat and rendering the blubber at inland locations.
{"title":"SCAVENGING AND PROCESSING OF WHALE MEAT AND BLUBBER BY LATER STONE AGE PEOPLE OF THE GEELBEK DUNES, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA","authors":"A. W. Kandel, N. Conard","doi":"10.2307/3889306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889306","url":null,"abstract":"Although it has been postulated that the scavenging of beached whales played an important role in the subsistence strategy of Later Stone Age people in southern Africa, there exists limited material evidence to support this hypothesis. At the locality Pottery in the Geelbek Dunes of the Western Cape, new analysis has demonstrated a clear association between 34 pieces of whale barnacle (Coronula diadema) and a roasting platform consisting of burned calcrete. This relationship confirms that LSA people scavenged whales from the shores of southern Africa, while processing the meat and rendering the blubber at inland locations.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"58 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68635901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lithic Expressions of Later Stone Age Lifeways in the Northern Cape","authors":"I. Parsons","doi":"10.2307/3889155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"58 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Southern Africa and the Swahili World. Studies in the African Past 2","authors":"A. F. Holl, F. Chami, G. Pwiti","doi":"10.2307/3889159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"58 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparison of charcoal and stable carbon isotope results for the Caledon River Valley, southern Africa, for the period 13 500 - 5 000 yr BP","authors":"A. Esterhuysen, J. M. Smith","doi":"10.2307/3889151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"58 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Lithic Rings of Honingklip, Goergap, Olieboomspoort and Windsorton: A Functional Interpretation Based on Microscopy","authors":"M. Lombard","doi":"10.2307/3889152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"64 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smith et al. (1991) proposed a model to distinguish the archaeological sites of Khoekhoe pastoralists from those of San. This model was based on information gathered from sites scattered over hundreds of square kilometres and several millennia. Between 1999 and 2002 we re-examined Smith et al. s (1991) model by excavating six neighbouring contemporary sites on the hill Kasteelberg. In a previous survey, three of these sites had been provisionally identified as pastoralist sites and three as forager sites. Here we present a brief comparison of the materials from these six sites. Although there are clear differences between the two sets of sites, the hypothesis that one set represents Khoekhoe herders and the other Bushman hunter-gatherers is not supported. Rather, one set of sites seems to represent a more mobile, herder-forager adaptation with a preference for inland resources while the other set appears to represent a more sedentary herder-forager adaptation with emphasis on shoreline resources. It remains to be determined how the occupants of the two sets of sites related to each other
{"title":"HERDERS AND FORAGERS ON KASTEELBERG: INTERIM REPORT OF EXCAVATIONS 1999-2002","authors":"K. Sadr, A. Smith, I. Plug, J. Orton, B. Mutti","doi":"10.2307/3889154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889154","url":null,"abstract":"Smith et al. (1991) proposed a model to distinguish the archaeological sites of Khoekhoe pastoralists from those of San. This model was based on information gathered from sites scattered over hundreds of square kilometres and several millennia. Between 1999 and 2002 we re-examined Smith et al. s (1991) model by excavating six neighbouring contemporary sites on the hill Kasteelberg. In a previous survey, three of these sites had been provisionally identified as pastoralist sites and three as forager sites. Here we present a brief comparison of the materials from these six sites. Although there are clear differences between the two sets of sites, the hypothesis that one set represents Khoekhoe herders and the other Bushman hunter-gatherers is not supported. Rather, one set of sites seems to represent a more mobile, herder-forager adaptation with a preference for inland resources while the other set appears to represent a more sedentary herder-forager adaptation with emphasis on shoreline resources. It remains to be determined how the occupants of the two sets of sites related to each other","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"58 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cross-Cultural Motif in San, Khoekhoe and Northern Sotho Rock Paintings of the Central Limpopo Basin, Southern Africa","authors":"E. Eastwood","doi":"10.2307/3889153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":"58 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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