{"title":"Lithic Expressions of Later Stone Age Lifeways in the Northern Cape","authors":"I. Parsons","doi":"10.2307/3889155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Southern Africa and the Swahili World. Studies in the African Past 2","authors":"A. F. Holl, F. Chami, G. Pwiti","doi":"10.2307/3889159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparison of charcoal and stable carbon isotope results for the Caledon River Valley, southern Africa, for the period 13 500 - 5 000 yr BP","authors":"A. Esterhuysen, J. M. Smith","doi":"10.2307/3889151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Lithic Rings of Honingklip, Goergap, Olieboomspoort and Windsorton: A Functional Interpretation Based on Microscopy","authors":"M. Lombard","doi":"10.2307/3889152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smith et al. (1991) proposed a model to distinguish the archaeological sites of Khoekhoe pastoralists from those of San. This model was based on information gathered from sites scattered over hundreds of square kilometres and several millennia. Between 1999 and 2002 we re-examined Smith et al. s (1991) model by excavating six neighbouring contemporary sites on the hill Kasteelberg. In a previous survey, three of these sites had been provisionally identified as pastoralist sites and three as forager sites. Here we present a brief comparison of the materials from these six sites. Although there are clear differences between the two sets of sites, the hypothesis that one set represents Khoekhoe herders and the other Bushman hunter-gatherers is not supported. Rather, one set of sites seems to represent a more mobile, herder-forager adaptation with a preference for inland resources while the other set appears to represent a more sedentary herder-forager adaptation with emphasis on shoreline resources. It remains to be determined how the occupants of the two sets of sites related to each other
{"title":"HERDERS AND FORAGERS ON KASTEELBERG: INTERIM REPORT OF EXCAVATIONS 1999-2002","authors":"K. Sadr, A. Smith, I. Plug, J. Orton, B. Mutti","doi":"10.2307/3889154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889154","url":null,"abstract":"Smith et al. (1991) proposed a model to distinguish the archaeological sites of Khoekhoe pastoralists from those of San. This model was based on information gathered from sites scattered over hundreds of square kilometres and several millennia. Between 1999 and 2002 we re-examined Smith et al. s (1991) model by excavating six neighbouring contemporary sites on the hill Kasteelberg. In a previous survey, three of these sites had been provisionally identified as pastoralist sites and three as forager sites. Here we present a brief comparison of the materials from these six sites. Although there are clear differences between the two sets of sites, the hypothesis that one set represents Khoekhoe herders and the other Bushman hunter-gatherers is not supported. Rather, one set of sites seems to represent a more mobile, herder-forager adaptation with a preference for inland resources while the other set appears to represent a more sedentary herder-forager adaptation with emphasis on shoreline resources. It remains to be determined how the occupants of the two sets of sites related to each other","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cross-Cultural Motif in San, Khoekhoe and Northern Sotho Rock Paintings of the Central Limpopo Basin, Southern Africa","authors":"E. Eastwood","doi":"10.2307/3889153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3889153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3889153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The mammals of ancient Egypt","authors":"D. Osborn, J. Osbornová","doi":"10.2307/3888862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3888862","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3888862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Zimbabwean past, farming societies utilized mineral resources for their own use and for exchange to local and regional populations, as well as to markets beyond African borders. Successful agriculture was constrained by environmental hazards, principally unpredictable and often inadequate rainfall. Farming communities managed this predicament in various ways. It is likely that some groups used mineral resources found in the vicinity of their settlements to produce materials or items to exchange. The social contexts that defined the nature of mineral production and exchange altered between the mid-first and mid-second millennium AD, as social ranks emerged and political and economic systems became increasingly complex. The thesis is a commentary on how the motivation of society to broaden its resource base, to improve the benefits to households and to society in general, contributed to the emergence of leaders and, ultimately, of an elite class. The focus of the research is on iron and copper production because the author has examined gold production thoroughly in a previous study. Four published papers outline the history of iron and copper production in Zimbabwe. The papers provide case studies of the scale and social context of iron and copper production and exchange.
{"title":"Excavations at Copper Queen Mine, northwestern Zimbabwe.","authors":"L. Swan","doi":"10.2307/3888857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3888857","url":null,"abstract":"In the Zimbabwean past, farming societies utilized mineral resources for their own use and for exchange to local and regional populations, as well as to markets beyond African borders. Successful agriculture was constrained by environmental hazards, principally unpredictable and often inadequate rainfall. Farming communities managed this predicament in various ways. It is likely that some groups used mineral resources found in the vicinity of their settlements to produce materials or items to exchange. The social contexts that defined the nature of mineral production and exchange altered between the mid-first and mid-second millennium AD, as social ranks emerged and political and economic systems became increasingly complex. The thesis is a commentary on how the motivation of society to broaden its resource base, to improve the benefits to households and to society in general, contributed to the emergence of leaders and, ultimately, of an elite class. The focus of the research is on iron and copper production because the author has examined gold production thoroughly in a previous study. Four published papers outline the history of iron and copper production in Zimbabwe. The papers provide case studies of the scale and social context of iron and copper production and exchange.","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3888857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"People, Contact and the Environment in the African Past","authors":"C. Kusimba, F. Chami, G. Pwiti, C. Radimilahy","doi":"10.2307/3888860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3888860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46844,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BULLETIN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3888860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68624379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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