Abstract Natural disaster impacts can be mitigated by building community resilience and this recognition has elevated the importance of demonstrating the return on resilience investment. Subsequently, there is a demand for resilience measurement tools. The Baseline Resilience Indicator for Communities (BRIC), is an index based on variables representing resilience attributes identified in the literature. BRIC is representative of indices designed for national assessments, applies to multiple natural disasters at the county level in the US, and its application in national assessments has been demonstrated. This analysis tests the BRIC index in two longitudinal case studies by examining the variables that constitute the index. Specific variables used in the BRIC index are explored through the examination of the suitability of each variable for use in longitudinal studies at the county level and the variable’s skill in capturing known events and activities expected to have an impact on resilience. Detailed examination of each variable in the context of the community profile provides insights to improve formulations of variables. New variables are proposed to better capture community characteristics and actions that enhance resilience.
{"title":"Measuring Community Disaster Resilience Over Time","authors":"Sally A. McConkey, E. Larson","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Natural disaster impacts can be mitigated by building community resilience and this recognition has elevated the importance of demonstrating the return on resilience investment. Subsequently, there is a demand for resilience measurement tools. The Baseline Resilience Indicator for Communities (BRIC), is an index based on variables representing resilience attributes identified in the literature. BRIC is representative of indices designed for national assessments, applies to multiple natural disasters at the county level in the US, and its application in national assessments has been demonstrated. This analysis tests the BRIC index in two longitudinal case studies by examining the variables that constitute the index. Specific variables used in the BRIC index are explored through the examination of the suitability of each variable for use in longitudinal studies at the county level and the variable’s skill in capturing known events and activities expected to have an impact on resilience. Detailed examination of each variable in the context of the community profile provides insights to improve formulations of variables. New variables are proposed to better capture community characteristics and actions that enhance resilience.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"31 1","pages":"281 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81521861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Assessment of Crisis Communication During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"D. McEntire","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"29 1","pages":"347 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82732833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract There are many recognized use cases for small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) in emergency and disaster management, but there are obstacles to the full realization of this technology’s potential. More stringent training and certification requirements for public safety use of sUAS is a crucial step in achieving standardization of operations, a common operational picture, interoperability, increased airspace safety, and public acceptance. The purpose of this study is to move toward standards for public safety sUAS pilot training requirements. This research employs a mixed methods approach to investigate the current state of training requirements and trends in public safety sUAS programs. This included a review of the relevant literature, an analysis of survey data, and a combination of structured and semi-structured interviews. While the literature clearly shows many sUAS emergency management applications, it also identifies dangers that must be mitigated. Synthesizing the literature findings with the survey and interview data resulted in four categories of possible sUAS training standard recommendations: progressive levels of certification, flight time minimums, task-focused practical training, and proficiency demonstrations. These recommendations have both national and international applicability.
{"title":"Standardization and Interoperability of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) for Disaster Management","authors":"Marco J. DeVito, Erik Wood, T. Frazier","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are many recognized use cases for small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) in emergency and disaster management, but there are obstacles to the full realization of this technology’s potential. More stringent training and certification requirements for public safety use of sUAS is a crucial step in achieving standardization of operations, a common operational picture, interoperability, increased airspace safety, and public acceptance. The purpose of this study is to move toward standards for public safety sUAS pilot training requirements. This research employs a mixed methods approach to investigate the current state of training requirements and trends in public safety sUAS programs. This included a review of the relevant literature, an analysis of survey data, and a combination of structured and semi-structured interviews. While the literature clearly shows many sUAS emergency management applications, it also identifies dangers that must be mitigated. Synthesizing the literature findings with the survey and interview data resulted in four categories of possible sUAS training standard recommendations: progressive levels of certification, flight time minimums, task-focused practical training, and proficiency demonstrations. These recommendations have both national and international applicability.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"175 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90966547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Emergent volunteer groups play a significant role during disasters. There is a rich literature on the role of volunteer groups in disasters and disaster volunteerism. However, the rapid proliferation of social media platforms in the last decade made a significant impact on human lives, and disaster volunteerism is no exception. This article argues that there is a need for understanding social media’s impact on disaster volunteerism. Using Harvey as a case, this article analyzes 74 Facebook groups that were created during the storm. The article compares the emergence and lifespan, structure, and function of online volunteer groups to those of volunteer groups before social media. Findings show important distinctions between online groups and those mentioned in the literature. First, online groups are easier to observe and analyze because of the digital traces they leave. Online groups emerge in different phases of disaster (response, early recovery) depending on people’s needs. Their structure can possess elements of hierarchy as opposed to structural characteristics of groups mentioned in the literature. Finally, online groups mostly function as information sharing hubs; however, they also carry out a wide variety of functions, some of which request special attention. The article makes suggestions for future research.
{"title":"The Impact of Social Media on Disaster Volunteerism: Evidence from Hurricane Harvey","authors":"Fatih Demiroz, Esra Akbas","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2020-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2020-0077","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Emergent volunteer groups play a significant role during disasters. There is a rich literature on the role of volunteer groups in disasters and disaster volunteerism. However, the rapid proliferation of social media platforms in the last decade made a significant impact on human lives, and disaster volunteerism is no exception. This article argues that there is a need for understanding social media’s impact on disaster volunteerism. Using Harvey as a case, this article analyzes 74 Facebook groups that were created during the storm. The article compares the emergence and lifespan, structure, and function of online volunteer groups to those of volunteer groups before social media. Findings show important distinctions between online groups and those mentioned in the literature. First, online groups are easier to observe and analyze because of the digital traces they leave. Online groups emerge in different phases of disaster (response, early recovery) depending on people’s needs. Their structure can possess elements of hierarchy as opposed to structural characteristics of groups mentioned in the literature. Finally, online groups mostly function as information sharing hubs; however, they also carry out a wide variety of functions, some of which request special attention. The article makes suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"22 1","pages":"205 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87816213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura K. Siebeneck, Elyse M. Zavar, Rejina Manandhar
Abstract The management of flood risk poses significant challenges for communities across the United States. At the forefront of managing flood risk in the U.S. are local floodplain administrators (FPAs). Despite the importance of their role in addressing flood hazards at the local level, little is known about those who serve in this capacity. Using survey data gathered from local floodplain administrators in Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas, this study provides an overview of floodplain administrators in Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Region 6. Specifically, this research examines perceived strengths and challenges of floodplain administrators in their ability to carry out their roles and responsibilities, and explores how perceived strengths and challenges in ability vary based on location, experience, and previous floodplain management training. This study provides new insights into the strengths and challenges individuals experience in this role and analyses suggest that significant differences exist in the perceived abilities of floodplain managers based on whether they work in an urban and rural setting, their years of experience, and previous training. Based on the findings, this study offers recommendations about training needs and strategies that would benefit current floodplain administrators as they enhance resilience to floods in their communities.
{"title":"An Overview of Local Floodplain Administrators and Training Needs in FEMA Region 6","authors":"Laura K. Siebeneck, Elyse M. Zavar, Rejina Manandhar","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The management of flood risk poses significant challenges for communities across the United States. At the forefront of managing flood risk in the U.S. are local floodplain administrators (FPAs). Despite the importance of their role in addressing flood hazards at the local level, little is known about those who serve in this capacity. Using survey data gathered from local floodplain administrators in Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas, this study provides an overview of floodplain administrators in Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Region 6. Specifically, this research examines perceived strengths and challenges of floodplain administrators in their ability to carry out their roles and responsibilities, and explores how perceived strengths and challenges in ability vary based on location, experience, and previous floodplain management training. This study provides new insights into the strengths and challenges individuals experience in this role and analyses suggest that significant differences exist in the perceived abilities of floodplain managers based on whether they work in an urban and rural setting, their years of experience, and previous training. Based on the findings, this study offers recommendations about training needs and strategies that would benefit current floodplain administrators as they enhance resilience to floods in their communities.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"30 1","pages":"149 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77931402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2022-frontmatter1
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2022-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2022-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"29 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72481901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study uses time series analysis in an effort to inform disaster response efforts by identifying changes to Houston crime during Hurricane Ike. The results indicate that Burglaries increased significantly by 305% during Ike. Aggravated Assaults also increased significantly, but Theft and Auto Theft decreased by 37% and 16% respectively. Several other crimes revealed no significant differences during Ike. These findings, when combined with other research, show that Burglaries consistently increase during natural disasters, and Emergency Support Function 13 (ESF-13) responders should plan for that reality. This study also provides some other considerations for ESF-13 management related to disaster preparedness training and exercises. Additionally, the study provides evidence of the need for ESF-13 responders and reinforces their importance as a key form of capable guardianship under Routine Activities Theory.
{"title":"Strengthening Disaster Response Through Analysis of Crime During Hurricane Ike","authors":"Daniel Augusto","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study uses time series analysis in an effort to inform disaster response efforts by identifying changes to Houston crime during Hurricane Ike. The results indicate that Burglaries increased significantly by 305% during Ike. Aggravated Assaults also increased significantly, but Theft and Auto Theft decreased by 37% and 16% respectively. Several other crimes revealed no significant differences during Ike. These findings, when combined with other research, show that Burglaries consistently increase during natural disasters, and Emergency Support Function 13 (ESF-13) responders should plan for that reality. This study also provides some other considerations for ESF-13 management related to disaster preparedness training and exercises. Additionally, the study provides evidence of the need for ESF-13 responders and reinforces their importance as a key form of capable guardianship under Routine Activities Theory.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"33 1","pages":"27 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85408226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gilead Shenhar, Timothy Davis, M. Hopmeier, Lori Settle
{"title":"Media Mis-Information and Dis-Information: Future Impact on Disaster Management","authors":"Gilead Shenhar, Timothy Davis, M. Hopmeier, Lori Settle","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"36 1","pages":"245 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90084527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agricultural Security: Critical National Infrastructure We Cannot Ignore","authors":"R. McCreight","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"10 1","pages":"127 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79041207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Daniel P. Aldrich: Black wave: How networks and governance shaped Japan’s 3/11 disasters","authors":"Etsuko Yasui","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"61 1","pages":"251 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90592460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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