Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103309
André T. Santos , Thierry Aubry
We propose a synthesis of what we know about the Palaeolithic imagery in Portugal. This synthesis is based on the history of research, on our own research in the Côa Valley and on some other sites and on a critical review of the 96 known sites. The synthesis will be organized by geographical regions and according to the territories defined by the origin of the lithic raw materials used on the occupation sites of the Côa valley. We present our interpretation of morpho-stylistic diversity of Portuguese imagery in the Iberian context, noting that during the Gravettian and until the Middle Solutrean, it presents similarities with the rest of the imagery of southwest Europe and that between the Upper Solutrean and the Magdalenian, the morpho-stylistic conventions reveal greater territorial diversity. The images of the sites of southern Portugal approach those of the Mediterranean area, those of the Douro basin are closer to the ones of the Franco-Cantabrian area and the images of central Portugal reveal a double influence. At the end of the Pleistocene cycle, we would once again witness a process of graphic homogenization on a European scale.
{"title":"L’art paléolithique du Portugal une quarantaine d’années après la publication des gravures de Mazouco","authors":"André T. Santos , Thierry Aubry","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a synthesis of what we know about the Palaeolithic imagery in Portugal. This synthesis is based on the history of research, on our own research in the Côa Valley and on some other sites and on a critical review of the 96 known sites. The synthesis will be organized by geographical regions and according to the territories defined by the origin of the lithic raw materials used on the occupation sites of the Côa valley. We present our interpretation of morpho-stylistic diversity of Portuguese imagery in the Iberian context, noting that during the Gravettian and until the Middle Solutrean, it presents similarities with the rest of the imagery of southwest Europe and that between the Upper Solutrean and the Magdalenian, the morpho-stylistic conventions reveal greater territorial diversity. The images of the sites of southern Portugal approach those of the Mediterranean area, those of the Douro basin are closer to the ones of the Franco-Cantabrian area and the images of central Portugal reveal a double influence. At the end of the Pleistocene cycle, we would once again witness a process of graphic homogenization on a European scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103300
Liubov V. Golovanova, Vladimir B. Doronichev, Ekaterina V. Doronicheva
This paper reports results of research in stratified sites in the north-central Caucasus, where deposits of the final Pleistocene and early Holocene are preserved. The reconstruction of paleogeographic conditions based on numerous radiocarbon dates is represented. We provide a detailed technical and typological analysis of lithic assemblages, which have almost complete analogies within the general Caucasian context. Currently, it is difficult to suggest the existence of local cultures. Like the Epipalaeolithic assemblages of the South Caucasus and the Near East, the Epipalaeolithic assemblages of the Elbrus region and the north-western Caucasus are characterized by the appearance of geometric microliths after the Last Glacial Maximum. The assemblages show development up to the early Holocene, when a number of innovations appear. At present, there is no reason to assign the assemblages dating from 11.8–9 ka BP to a separate period – the Mesolithic. According to the latest data, hunter-gatherers occupied the region up to c. 9.5 ka BP. New materials provide basis for reconstructing distant migrations and contacts of the inhabitants of the Elbrus region with human populations in neighboring regions during the Epipalaeolithic era.
本文报告了对高加索中北部分层遗址的研究成果，这些遗址保存了更新世末期和全新世早期的沉积物。文中介绍了根据大量放射性碳年代重建的古地理条件。我们对石器组合进行了详细的技术和类型学分析，这些石器组合与高加索地区的总体情况几乎完全相似。目前，很难说当地存在文化。与南高加索和近东的表层石器组合一样，厄尔布鲁士地区和西北高加索的表层石器组合的特点是在末次冰川极盛期之后出现了几何微石器。这些石器组合一直发展到全新世早期，出现了许多创新。目前，没有理由将公元前 11.8-9 ka 年的组合归入一个独立的时期--中石器时代。根据最新数据，狩猎采集者在大约公元前 9.5 千年之前一直居住在该地区。新材料为重建厄尔布鲁士地区居民在上旧石器时代与邻近地区人类的远距离迁徙和接触提供了依据。
{"title":"Épipaléolithique du Caucase du Nord-Centre","authors":"Liubov V. Golovanova, Vladimir B. Doronichev, Ekaterina V. Doronicheva","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reports results of research in stratified sites in the north-central Caucasus, where deposits of the final Pleistocene and early Holocene are preserved. The reconstruction of paleogeographic conditions based on numerous radiocarbon dates is represented. We provide a detailed technical and typological analysis of lithic assemblages, which have almost complete analogies within the general Caucasian context. Currently, it is difficult to suggest the existence of local cultures. Like the Epipalaeolithic assemblages of the South Caucasus and the Near East, the Epipalaeolithic assemblages of the Elbrus region and the north-western Caucasus are characterized by the appearance of geometric microliths after the Last Glacial Maximum. The assemblages show development up to the early Holocene, when a number of innovations appear. At present, there is no reason to assign the assemblages dating from 11.8–9 ka BP to a separate period – the Mesolithic. According to the latest data, hunter-gatherers occupied the region up to c. 9.5 ka BP. New materials provide basis for reconstructing distant migrations and contacts of the inhabitants of the Elbrus region with human populations in neighboring regions during the Epipalaeolithic era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 4","pages":"Article 103300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103286
Aleksandr A. Ulanov , Alexey V. Tetenkin , Nikolay A. Savel’ev
The reflection of the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene in the material culture of hunter-gatherers and related adaptational processes is the subject of some debates among scholars studying the Stone Age of northeastern Asia. The case study of cultural components 9 and 9A of the Ust’-Khaita I site in the region of the Baikal lake in eastern Siberia, can contribute to understanding hunter-gatherers’ adaptation on the boundary between the Pleistocene and Holocene. The analysis of the materials of cultural components 9 and 9A provides information about the subsistence economy complex consisting of medium and large-size prey hunting with domestic dogs and fishing. Changes in morphology and technology of the microblade industry – one of the most representative categories of artifacts in the northeastern Asian region, most likely reflect changes in adaptation and mobility patterns in this period. Artifacts from layers 9 and 9A include microblade cores and grooved bone tools. These assemblages reflect the cultural and economic adaptation processes that took place during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in eastern Siberia. Comparing material from Ust’-Khaita to those from sites of the Far East, we intend to highlight the variability of adaptation patterns throughout Northeast Asia during this pivotal period in human history.
{"title":"Post-Pleistocene adaptation and subsistence economy complex of hunter-gatherers of eastern Siberia: A case study of Ust’-Khaita I site","authors":"Aleksandr A. Ulanov , Alexey V. Tetenkin , Nikolay A. Savel’ev","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reflection of the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene in the material culture of hunter-gatherers and related adaptational processes is the subject of some debates among scholars studying the Stone Age of northeastern Asia. The case study of cultural components 9 and 9A of the Ust’-Khaita I site in the region of the Baikal lake in eastern Siberia, can contribute to understanding hunter-gatherers’ adaptation on the boundary between the Pleistocene and Holocene. The analysis of the materials of cultural components 9 and 9A provides information about the subsistence economy complex consisting of medium and large-size prey hunting with domestic dogs and fishing. Changes in morphology and technology of the microblade industry – one of the most representative categories of artifacts in the northeastern Asian region, most likely reflect changes in adaptation and mobility patterns in this period. Artifacts from layers 9 and 9A include microblade cores and grooved bone tools. These assemblages reflect the cultural and economic adaptation processes that took place during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in eastern Siberia. Comparing material from Ust’-Khaita to those from sites of the Far East, we intend to highlight the variability of adaptation patterns throughout Northeast Asia during this pivotal period in human history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 4","pages":"Article 103286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103311
Fatma-Zohra Khaled
The rock art of the Saharan Atlas, witness to large-scale climatic changes, provides valuable evidence on the different circulation movements and interactions between human groups. The diversity observed in the rock art stations in the south and south-west of the Ksours mountains testifies to an internal evolution but also to the contributions of different populations from elsewhere. This is the case of the station of Moghrar Tahtani which illustrates, through different themes, analogies with the engravings of the central Sahara. Indeed, this station brings together several elements that were introduced into the region as the Arriva log Saharan groups fleeing the forming desert.
{"title":"L’influence saharienne sur les gravures du sud-ouest des monts des Ksours : la station de Moghrar Tahtani, Aïn Safra. Atlas saharien, Algérie","authors":"Fatma-Zohra Khaled","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rock art of the Saharan Atlas, witness to large-scale climatic changes, provides valuable evidence on the different circulation movements and interactions between human groups. The diversity observed in the rock art stations in the south and south-west of the Ksours mountains testifies to an internal evolution but also to the contributions of different populations from elsewhere. This is the case of the station of Moghrar Tahtani which illustrates, through different themes, analogies with the engravings of the central Sahara. Indeed, this station brings together several elements that were introduced into the region as the Arriva log Saharan groups fleeing the forming desert.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103285
Miguel Ángel Bel , Valentín Villaverde
The archaeological works conducted in Sector A in Cova de les Cendres from 2006 to 2016 documented different Magdalenian levels that increase the available information about Middle and Upper/Final Magdalenian in the Iberian Mediterranean basin. The microlaminar assemblages from levels XI and XII include scalene bladelets, truncated backed bladelets, backed bladelets and marginal backed bladelets, and bladelets with fine direct or inverse retouches. Their thorough analysis and quantification allow us to discriminate two phases in level XII, ascribed to Middle Magdalenian. The set of available datings and the characteristics of the lithic industry in these two units show the importance of this Magdalenian phase in this region. Prior to the Upper Magdalenian level XI, which is characterised by the presence of harpoons and a microlaminar assemblage composed of particularly small pieces, level XII of Cova de les Cendres shows a microlaminar succession defined by the unequal role of scalene bladelets and truncated backed bladelets. This evolution is compared with that of other Magdalenian sites in the Iberian Mediterranean region, Cantabrian region and South of France.
2006 年至 2016 年在 Cova de les Cendres A 区进行的考古工作记录了不同的马格达莱纳层，增加了伊比利亚地中海盆地中、上/末期马格达莱纳层的可用信息。第十一和十二层的微层状组合包括鳞片状小片、截断的背衬小片、背衬小片和边缘背衬小片，以及带有精细的直接或反向修饰的小片。通过对它们的全面分析和量化，我们可以区分出第十二层的两个阶段，并将其归为中马格达莱纳期。这两个单元中的一系列可用数据和石器工业特征表明了这一马格达莱纳期在该地区的重要性。在上马格达莱纳期第十一层之前，Cova de les Cendres 的第十二层显示了微层状演替，其特点是出现了鱼叉和由特别小的碎片组成的微层状集合。我们将这一演变过程与伊比利亚地中海地区、坎塔布连地区和法国南部其他马格达莱尼亚遗址的演变过程进行了比较。
{"title":"Small things matter: Microlaminar tools in the Magdalenian sequence of Cova de les Cendres (Alicante, Spain)","authors":"Miguel Ángel Bel , Valentín Villaverde","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The archaeological works conducted in Sector A in Cova de les Cendres from 2006 to 2016 documented different Magdalenian levels that increase the available information about Middle and Upper/Final Magdalenian in the Iberian Mediterranean basin. The microlaminar assemblages from levels XI and XII include scalene bladelets, truncated backed bladelets, backed bladelets and marginal backed bladelets, and bladelets with fine direct or inverse retouches. Their thorough analysis and quantification allow us to discriminate two phases in level XII, ascribed to Middle Magdalenian. The set of available datings and the characteristics of the lithic industry in these two units show the importance of this Magdalenian phase in this region. Prior to the Upper Magdalenian level XI, which is characterised by the presence of harpoons and a microlaminar assemblage composed of particularly small pieces, level XII of Cova de les Cendres shows a microlaminar succession defined by the unequal role of scalene bladelets and truncated backed bladelets. This evolution is compared with that of other Magdalenian sites in the Iberian Mediterranean region, Cantabrian region and South of France.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 4","pages":"Article 103285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103301
Patrick Paillet
The Font-de-Gaume cave lies at an altitude of 120 m in a massif of Coniacian sandstone, on the left bank of the Beune valley, about 1 km upstream from Les Eyzies (Dordogne). The cave, known for many years, was officially discovered on 12th September 1901 by Denis Peyrony, and became famous for its numerous figurative and abstract representations engraved, drawn and painted, sometimes in polychrome. Along with the Combarelles cave, discovered a few days earlier, it contributed to the definitive and unanimous recognition of the Palaeolithic age of cave art. In 1910, Louis Capitan, Henri Breuil and Denis Peyrony published a masterly monograph that is still an essential reference and a working tool. The Font-de-Gaume cave has been the subject of numerous academic studies and expert reports on its conservation and climatology. Since 2020, a new interdisciplinary research programme, led by the author, has been underway in the cave. It is part of the broadest possible archaeological approach, involving a transdisciplinary approach. Using recent analytical methods, the cave's parietal art is apprehended in the diversity of its physical, environmental, taphonomic and archaeological contexts. The result is a significant renewal of data at several levels. The corpus of parietal representations, for example, has been considerably updated, rising from 200 graphic entities, approximately counted in 1910, to almost 800 according to the latest inventories, which are still incomplete, as the research programme has not yet been completed. Among the new figurative representations discovered and recorded during our programme of systematic wall surveys, we present in this article around fifty masks that are all original creations, assemblages of cursive graphics and the natural forms of the supports that result in curious heads, without graphic outlines, confusedly human and/or animal. These pages describe the masks placed on stalactites and calcite columns in two rarely-visited galleries in the cave (the Prat gallery and the deep part of the side gallery), which are off the beaten track for tourists, and look at their status and function, opening up questions of otherness.
Font-de-Gaume洞穴位于伯恩河谷左岸的Coniacian砂岩块中，海拔120米，距离Les Eyzies （Dordogne）上游约1公里。这个洞穴在1901年9月12日被Denis Peyrony正式发现，并以其大量的雕刻、绘画和绘画而闻名，有时是彩色的。与几天前发现的Combarelles洞穴一起，它对旧石器时代洞穴艺术的最终和一致认可做出了贡献。1910年，Louis Capitan， Henri Breuil和Denis Peyrony出版了一本技艺精湛的专著，至今仍是重要的参考和工作工具。font -de- gaome洞穴一直是许多关于其保护和气候学的学术研究和专家报告的主题。自2020年以来，由作者领导的一项新的跨学科研究项目一直在洞穴中进行。这是最广泛的考古方法的一部分，涉及跨学科的方法。使用最新的分析方法，洞穴的顶壁艺术在其物理、环境、地语学和考古背景的多样性中被理解。其结果是在几个层面上显著更新了数据。例如，顶语表示的语料库已大大更新，从大约在1910年计算的200个图形实体增加到根据最新的清单计算的近800个，由于研究方案尚未完成，这些清单仍然不完整。在我们系统的墙壁调查项目中发现和记录的新的具象表现中，我们在这篇文章中展示了大约50个面具，它们都是原创作品，草书图形的组合和支撑的自然形式，导致奇怪的头部，没有图形轮廓，令人困惑的人类和/或动物。这些页面描述了在洞穴中很少有人参观的两个画廊（Prat画廊和侧面画廊的深处）中放置在钟乳石和方解石柱上的面具，这些画廊对游客来说是人迹罕至的，并观察了它们的地位和功能，打开了关于他者的问题。
{"title":"Masques et mascarades à Font-de-Gaume (Les Eyzies, Dordogne). Réflexions préliminaires sur une mystérieuse assemblée","authors":"Patrick Paillet","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Font-de-Gaume cave lies at an altitude of 120<!--> <!-->m in a massif of Coniacian sandstone, on the left bank of the Beune valley, about 1<!--> <!-->km upstream from Les Eyzies (Dordogne). The cave, known for many years, was officially discovered on 12th September 1901 by Denis Peyrony, and became famous for its numerous figurative and abstract representations engraved, drawn and painted, sometimes in polychrome. Along with the Combarelles cave, discovered a few days earlier, it contributed to the definitive and unanimous recognition of the Palaeolithic age of cave art. In 1910, Louis Capitan, Henri Breuil and Denis Peyrony published a masterly monograph that is still an essential reference and a working tool. The Font-de-Gaume cave has been the subject of numerous academic studies and expert reports on its conservation and climatology. Since 2020, a new interdisciplinary research programme, led by the author, has been underway in the cave. It is part of the broadest possible archaeological approach, involving a transdisciplinary approach. Using recent analytical methods, the cave's parietal art is apprehended in the diversity of its physical, environmental, taphonomic and archaeological contexts. The result is a significant renewal of data at several levels. The corpus of parietal representations, for example, has been considerably updated, rising from 200 graphic entities, approximately counted in 1910, to almost 800 according to the latest inventories, which are still incomplete, as the research programme has not yet been completed. Among the new figurative representations discovered and recorded during our programme of systematic wall surveys, we present in this article around fifty masks that are all original creations, assemblages of cursive graphics and the natural forms of the supports that result in curious heads, without graphic outlines, confusedly human and/or animal. These pages describe the masks placed on stalactites and calcite columns in two rarely-visited galleries in the cave (the Prat gallery and the deep part of the side gallery), which are off the beaten track for tourists, and look at their status and function, opening up questions of otherness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103284
Eskander M. Baitenov
Among great variety of engraved mammoth's bones excavated at the Mezhirich site (Middle reaches of the Dnieper River, Ukraine) the artifact that was discovered in the fourth dwelling, made of the distal part of a mammoth rib, deserves our special attention and scrutiny. The character of its engraving has correlations with the stylized figures of women of the East Epigravettian period. Moreover, it has some similar features with the so-called “shovels” from the Kostenki-Avdeevo paleolithic sites. Also, we can note some typological similarities with the tools made of ribs of the Neolithic period of Middle East. This unique item can also be associated with some Eurasian ethnographic artifacts. Having studied this engraved piece of rib, the author has also compared it with the available analogue databases. Thus, he has come to the conclusion that this item could have been dedicated to the obstetric aid spheres.
{"title":"As Related to the Interpretation of an Engraved Rib from the Upper Paleolithic Site of Mezhirich (Ukraine)","authors":"Eskander M. Baitenov","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among great variety of engraved mammoth's bones excavated at the Mezhirich site (Middle reaches of the Dnieper River, Ukraine) the artifact that was discovered in the fourth dwelling, made of the distal part of a mammoth rib, deserves our special attention and scrutiny. The character of its engraving has correlations with the stylized figures of women of the East Epigravettian period. Moreover, it has some similar features with the so-called “shovels” from the Kostenki-Avdeevo paleolithic sites. Also, we can note some typological similarities with the tools made of ribs of the Neolithic period of Middle East. This unique item can also be associated with some Eurasian ethnographic artifacts. Having studied this engraved piece of rib, the author has also compared it with the available analogue databases. Thus, he has come to the conclusion that this item could have been dedicated to the obstetric aid spheres.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103306
Zakia Chabane
The prehistoric and protohistoric site “Caves of Ibn Khaldoun” is among the archaeological sites of the Tiaret region. It is formed by a karst system, constitutes a set of natural habitations and troglodyte dwellings which are dug and arranged by the ancient human in the encrusted mosses of a fossil waterfall, in the right bank of the current waterfall of Oued Sidi Khaled in Taoughzout, in Tiaret region. Previously, the troglodyte caves of this site were arranged as Haouanet for installation of the dead during the protohistory. In the Middle Ages and in this site, Ibn Khaldoun wrote El-Mouqadima (Prolegomena) and part of the Kitab El-Ibar (1374–1378). Currently, the site is called “Ibn Khaldoun Caves”, “Ibn Khaldoun Retreat”, or “Kheloua”. Originally, these caves are natural cavities, resulting from the phenomena of usual dissolution in limestone, probably, these caves are occupied by prehistoric human too. A rocky chaos at the north side of the site, several heaped blocks caused by collapsed rock shelters which are inhabited by a prehistoric human until Holocene. At the bottom of this cliff, there is a concentration of prehistoric stone artifacts on the surface ; the most frequent raw material is flint.
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Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103310
Emmanuelle Honoré
Social anthropology and archeology have long been seen as sister disciplines. However, when social anthropology has taken up the question of ontologies as early as the 1990s, archeology did not follow in such a blatant manner. For the study of prehistoric arts, ontological approaches remain few. In archaeology, such attempts face major methodological challenges, which relate to the archaeologist's point of view, the materiality of archaeological remains, the difficulty or impossibility of using ethnography, the polysemy of images, the pervasiveness of the tradition of representation, and finally to the fact that anthropologists have not yet provided a unified epistemological framework. This contribution proposes to portray and analyze past and current ontological approaches to prehistoric arts, by offering a short critical history, followed by a study of the paths taken to meet “the challenge of alterity” (Moro Abadía and Porr, 2021).
{"title":"Arts préhistoriques : un tournant ontologique ?","authors":"Emmanuelle Honoré","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social anthropology and archeology have long been seen as sister disciplines. However, when social anthropology has taken up the question of ontologies as early as the 1990s, archeology did not follow in such a blatant manner. For the study of prehistoric arts, ontological approaches remain few. In archaeology, such attempts face major methodological challenges, which relate to the archaeologist's point of view, the materiality of archaeological remains, the difficulty or impossibility of using ethnography, the polysemy of images, the pervasiveness of the tradition of representation, and finally to the fact that anthropologists have not yet provided a unified epistemological framework. This contribution proposes to portray and analyze past and current ontological approaches to prehistoric arts, by offering a short critical history, followed by a study of the paths taken to meet “the challenge of alterity” (Moro Abadía and Porr, 2021).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"128 5","pages":"Article 103310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103303
Liubov V. Golovanova , Vladimir B. Doronichev , Ivan G. Shirobokov , Ekaterina V. Doronicheva
The authors consider habitat strategies in Epipaleolithic sites in the north-central Caucasus, in the Elbrus region. The human occupation levels dating from 17 to 11/10 ka ago in the Elbrus region were studied using the microstratigraphical method. The analysis of the assemblage composition, faunal remains and dwelling structures (bonfires, hearths, masonries) allows us to draw conclusions about peculiarities of economic specialization of individual occupational levels. The determination of habitation activity in occupational levels and industry characteristics depending on the type of human activity in the site is especially important for comparing simultaneous sites whose industries may have similar characteristics. The analysis of economic activity in each site can help to explain the specialization and specific differences between the sites.
作者对位于高加索中北部厄尔布鲁士地区的旧石器时代遗址的栖息地战略进行了研究。作者采用微层图法研究了埃尔布鲁士地区 17 至 11/10 ka 年前的人类居住水平。通过对集合构成、动物遗骸和居住结构（篝火、炉灶、砖石）的分析，我们得出了关于各个职业层级经济专业化特点的结论。根据遗址中人类活动的类型确定各职业层次的居住活动和行业特点，对于比较行业特点可能相似的同时出现的遗址尤为重要。对各遗址经济活动的分析有助于解释各遗址之间的专业化和具体差异。
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