European Review of Applied Psychology-Revue Europeenne De Psychologie Appliquee最新文献

Introduction

Pregnancy and the birth of a child are times of great vulnerability that can disrupt the couple and sometimes trigger violence.

Objective

This study sets out to examine how a child's exposure to intimate partner violence at a very young age can impact their development and adjustment, and more specifically, to highlight the social, emotional, traumatic and family consequences for children exposed to intimate partner violence in early or late childhood.

Method

Our sample comprised 46 children aged between 5 and 12. The following measurement tools were used: SAGA (Systemic Analysis of Group Affiliation) test (Compagnone, 2009) for family cohesion representations, CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist) (Achenbach, 1991) for social and emotional adjustment, and TSCC (Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children) (Briere, 1989) for post-traumatic stress.

Results

Results indicate that children exposed to intimate partner violence at an early age are the most likely to present symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Conclusion

The representation of the cohesiveness of the mother–child relationship plays a moderating role between the onset of intimate partner violence and the externalized adjustment displayed by the children. This leads us to posit that a poor cohesive mother–child relationship is a risk factor for the child's adjustment.

Introduction

France is one of the European countries with the highest prevalence of cannabis use, particularly in adolescence. Emotional regulation (ER) is one of the major risk factor in the etiology and the maintenance of cannabis use disorder and therefore is a key target for prevention programs.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and the impact of a prevention program focusing on ER (especially on various emotional skills like awareness, emotional clarity and reactivity, ER strategies, and the level of emotional awareness) and on cannabis use among adolescents from various institutions.

Method

In total, 87 adolescents from various institutions were included. ER was assessed by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Emotion Reactivity Scale and the Adolescent Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale; cannabis use was assess by the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST). All participants were assess before preventive intervention (T0) and four months after the end of the program (T1).

Results

Between T0 and T1, for all participants, there was an increase of emotional awareness, a decrease of emotional sensitivity, intensity and persistence, and an increase of the level of emotional awareness (total, self and others). There was no significant difference between T0 and T1 in CAST scores.

Conclusions

The prevention program showed encouraging results with a vulnerable group of adolescents in institutional care, particularly those from the Child Social Care (Aide sociale à l’enfance) and Child Forensic Institution (Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse) by showing an effect on different components of ER but not directly on cannabis use.

Introduction

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the temporary closure of educational institutions led to the adoption of remote or online learning delivery. Challenges, especially for grade schools were evident.

Objective

This study aimed to identify factors affecting the perceived online discussion experience of Filipino primary students through distance learning in the National Capital Region, Philippines.

Method

Variables such as cognitive presence, teaching presence, social presence, and online discussion experience were investigated simultaneously by utilizing the structural equation modeling (SEM) and random forest classifier (RFC) approach. A total of 385 currently enrolled Filipino grade school student participants were surveyed.

Results

Results show that cognitive presence has the most significant impact on the perceived online discussion experience, followed by teaching presence, and social presence. This study is the first study that analyzed the online discussion experience among grade school students in online education in the Philippines considering SEM and RFC. It was seen that highly significant factors such as teaching presence, cognitive presence, social presence, triggering events, and exploration will lead to high and very high learning experience with grade school students.

Conclusion

The findings of this study would be significant for teachers, educational institutions, and government agencies to improve the online delivery of primary education in the country. In addition, this study presents a reliable model and results which can be extended and applied for academicians, educational institutions, and the education sector to develop ways in enhancing the online delivery of primary education worldwide.

Objective

Consistently with Bandura's theory of moral disengagement, we examined if moral disengagement predicted employees’ counterproductive work behaviours and organizational citizenship behaviours, also assessing moral competence as a moderator that, at higher values, could mitigate the positive association with counterproductive work behaviours and mitigate the negative association with organizational citizenship behaviours.

Method

Five hundred eighty-three Italian employees completed a time-lagged online survey including the following measures: Work Moral Disengagement Scale (Fida, Paciello et al., 2015), Moral Competence Test (Lind, 1985), Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist (Spector et al., 2006), Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (Podsakoff et al., 1990). Associations between variables were examined via multiple linear regressions with bootstrapping, while the interactions were probed through the Johnson-Neyman technique.

Results

Moral disengagement is positively related to counterproductive work behaviours and negatively related to organizational citizenship behaviours. Furthermore, the association between moral disengagement and counterproductive work behaviours is moderated by moral competence, with a significant positive association only at lower levels of the moderator.

Conclusion

We demonstrated for the first time the potentially significant role played by moral competence as a moderator that could reduce the negative effects of moral disengagement on deviant and unethical organizational behaviours, discussing our results in light of available evidence and theory, and elaborating on practical implications.

Introduction

Innovative employee behavior plays a vital role in creating a competitive edge for organizations. While some studies have highlighted the benefits of spiritual leadership for employees, there is a lack of research exploring the psychological mechanisms behind these benefits from an intrinsic needs perspective.

Objective

This study aims to examine the internal mechanism between spiritual leadership and followers’ innovative behavior, and the influence of spiritual leadership on employees’ innovative behavior.

Method

The study conducted a three-stage questionnaire to investigate 886 employees of Chinese companies and used the bootstrap approach to test mediating effects.

Results

The results indicate that spiritual leadership has a positive impact on employees’ innovative behavior. Psychological capital and intrinsic motivation were identified as the mediating variables between spiritual leadership and innovative behavior. Furthermore, the study found a sequential mediating effect from psychological capital to intrinsic motivation.

Conclusion

Spiritual leadership can stimulate employees to exhibit more innovative behaviors by enhancing their psychological capital and intrinsic motivation.

Introduction

The development of digital technologies raises the question of their impact on our neurocognitive abilities. To answer this question requires first to identify the cognitive functions that individuals attempt to support by using digital technologies.

Objective

The objective was to develop a psychometric tool, the Digital Cognition Scale NUMERICOG, allowing us to identify these cognitive functions.

Methods

We followed a four-step method. First, we conducted a survey (Step 1) to collect spontaneous uses of digital technologies (n = 160), allowing us to generate 94 items that we have subsequently sorted (Step 2) to produce a 24-item scale (n = 392). The psychometric qualities of our model were then tested (Step 3: n = 754) to obtain norms (Step 4; n = 1132).

Results

The scale consisted of four sub-scales that assess the propensity of an individual to use digital technologies to support their socio-emotional cognition, decision making, semantic memory, and episodic memory/executive functions.

Conclusion

The scale can be used to start the investigation of the consequences of our use of digital technologies on the four aforementioned cognitive functions.

Introduction

Certain professions are particularly exposed to stress and must make decisions with far-reaching consequences. Recent research indicates that stress alters subsequent decision-making. The two current studies examine the predictive effect of perceived stress and leadership responsibility on moral decision-making among emergency service personnel.

Objective

We hypothesized that under high levels of perceived stress, fewer utilitarian and fewer altruistic decisions are made. Utilitarian decisions involve saving the lives of more people while sacrificing a smaller number of people. Altruistic decisions lead to outcomes that benefit others rather than oneself. Furthermore, we hypothesized that leaders under high levels of perceived stress make more utilitarian and altruistic decisions than non-leaders.

Method

Two different samples (N1 = 368; N2 = 562) were exposed to two different types of moral dilemmas (Sample 1: sacrificial dilemmas, Sample 2: everyday dilemmas). Stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. The hypotheses were tested with hierarchical regression analysis.

Results

As hypothesized, in sacrificial dilemmas, high perceived stress levels predicted a decrease in utilitarian decisions. Moreover, highly stressed leaders made more utilitarian decisions compared to non-leaders. In everyday dilemmas, high-perceived stress levels predicted fewer altruistic decisions. No moderating effect of leadership responsibility was observed.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that perceived stress predicts moral decision-making among emergency service personnel.

The presence of a mental or physical illness prior to the pandemic, the perceived threat from COVID-19, resilience or emotional intelligence may influence the onset or increase of psychopathology during the COVID-19 lockdown. The aim was to assess predictors of psychopathology by comparing two statistical methodologies (one linear and one non-linear).

Method

A total of 802 Spanish participants (65.50% female) completed the questionnaires independently after signing informed consent. Psychopathology, perceived threat, resilience and emotional intelligence were assessed. Descriptive statistics, hierarchical regression models (HRM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) were conducted.

Results

The data obtained through the HRM showed that the presence of a previous mental illness, low resilience and emotional clarity, high emotional attention and repair, and COVID-19 threat perception predicted 51% of the variance in psychopathology. Results obtained from QCA showed that different combinations of these variables explained 37% of high levels of psychopathology and 86% of low levels of psychopathology, highlighting how the presence of prior mental illness, high emotional clarity, high resilience, low emotional attention and low perceived COVID-19 threat play a key role in explaining psychopathology.

Conclusions

These aspects will help promote personal resources to buffer psychopathology in lockdown situations.

Introduction

The tendency to eat by paying attention and respecting the body's hunger and satiety cues is called intuitive eating. This eating behavior has been linked to positive health and well-being outcomes.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to test a global model linking intuitive eating with self-esteem, body esteem, media influence and including fear of negative appearance evaluation in adolescents’ boys and girls.

Method

In total, 740 adolescent high school students (51.5% girls; M age = 14, SD = 1.5) completed self-report questionnaires with measures of intuitive eating, body esteem, self-esteem, media influence and fear of negative appearance evaluation.

Results

Structural equation modeling revealed an overall excellent fit for the final four-variable model excluding the fear of negative appearance evaluation variable. Mediation analyses showed an indirect relationship between intuitive eating and body esteem via media influence, for girls but not for boys. Body esteem mediated the relationship between intuitive eating and self-esteem, for girls and boys.

Conclusion

A new model is proposed where intuitive eating is associated with self-esteem through body esteem and media influence. These findings suggest that regulating attitudes and behaviors toward food may be related to higher psychological well-being.

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has abruptly and profoundly changed the way people interact with their organization, their colleagues and their supervisor.

Objective

This study assesses the effects of telework-induced professional isolation due to the pandemic. Drawing on organizational support theory, this study examines the relationship between professional isolation and satisfaction with the telework experience and affective organizational commitment during mandatory teleworking caused by the COVID-19 crisis. It does so by focusing on the moderating role of perceived organizational and supervisor support in these relations.

Methods

Data was collected via self-reported survey questionnaires from 728 pandemic teleworkers from various industry sectors in Quebec during the COVID-19 crisis. The study's hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM), and moderation effects were probed with the Johnson-Neyman technique.

Results

The results reveal that professional isolation negatively affects satisfaction with the telework experience, but does not affect affective organizational commitment. The relationship between satisfaction with telework and professional isolation was moderated by perceived organizational support, and the relationship between affective organizational commitment and professional isolation was moderated by perceived supervisor support.

Conclusion

This study expands the organizational support theory by examining perceived organizational and supervisor support during a crisis as a counterbalance to a challenging social and organizational climate that has led to professional isolation. The implications of the findings as well as future directions for research on professional isolation and telework are discussed.