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Korean imperatives at two different speech levels 两种不同层次的韩语祈使句
IF 1.1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1075/prag.20060.kim
M. Kim
Korean imperatives are differentiated by speech levels or levels of honorification. Accordingly, most research on Korean imperatives examines them from the perspective of politeness and interpersonal relations. This study takes a different approach, focusing on two types of non-honorific imperative turn design: one with the intimate speech level imperative e/a and the other with the plain speech level imperative ela/ala. Close examination of the forms in naturally occurring conversation provides a clearer picture of when and how the use of these imperatives is warranted by specific interactional configurations and contexts in everyday Korean talk-in-interaction. This study shows that alternate imperatives do not simply index politeness or social status, but are important resources for implementing separate action formats that pursue divergent interactional trajectories.
韩语的祈使句是根据言语水平或敬语程度来区分的。因此,大多数关于韩语祈使句的研究都是从礼貌和人际关系的角度来考察它们的。本研究采用了不同的方法,重点研究了两种非敬语祈使句的转折设计:一种是亲密语层祈使句e/a,另一种是平淡语层祈使句ela/ala。仔细研究自然发生的对话中的形式,可以更清楚地了解在日常的韩语对话中,特定的互动配置和上下文何时以及如何保证这些祈使句的使用。这项研究表明,替代命令不仅仅是礼貌或社会地位的索引,而是实现追求不同互动轨迹的单独行动格式的重要资源。
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引用次数: 0
Intergenerational interviews in Negev Arabic 内盖夫阿拉伯语代际访谈
IF 1.1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1075/prag.20051.hen
R. Henkin
Communication strategies used for conversational repair in Negev Arabic are examined here in a 170,000-word corpus of intergenerational interviews, with university students interviewing their relatives, over age 55, in the Bedouin community in the Negev, southern Israel. Since the traditional language and narrative style of the elderly are largely unfamiliar to the young generation in terms of lexicon, discourse structure and cultural norms, progressivity was often interrupted for purpose of repair. Other-initiated self-repair sequences were particularly frequent: the student asks a metalinguistic or referent-tracking question, or inquires about past customs, and the interviewee explains; additional turns may contain candidate understanding moves and confirmation, before resuming progressivity of the narrative sequence. Gaps were sometimes mediated by a middle-generation ‘broker’ interlocutor. Conversational repair was found to be frequent in facilitating both intelligibility and comprehensibility in these intergenerational conversations.
本文通过17万字的代际访谈,对内盖夫阿拉伯语中用于对话修复的沟通策略进行了研究。访谈对象是以色列南部内盖夫贝都因社区的大学生,他们采访了55岁以上的亲戚。由于老年人的传统语言和叙事风格在词汇、话语结构和文化规范等方面对年轻一代来说都是不熟悉的,因此进行性经常被打断以进行修复。他人发起的自我修复序列尤其频繁:学生问元语言或指涉追踪问题,或询问过去的习俗,受访者解释;在恢复叙事顺序的进步性之前,额外的回合可能包含候选的理解动作和确认。有时,中间代的“经纪人”对话者会调解分歧。研究发现,会话修复在促进代际对话的可理解性和可理解性方面都很常见。
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引用次数: 0
How broadcasters enhance rapport with viewers in live streaming commerce 广播公司如何在直播商业中加强与观众的关系
IF 1.1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1075/prag.22009.shi
Xingsong Shi, Huanqin Dou
Despite the increasing research interest, the existing literature on live streaming commerce as a new e-commerce mode is still in its infancy. Based on 100 live streaming commerce videos from the top two broadcasters on Taobao Live in China, this study conducted a genre-based discourse analysis to investigate the move pattern in this new genre. The study draws on rapport management theory to scrutinize the linguistic functions of the moves, to explore how the broadcasters managed to enhance broadcaster-viewer relationship. Our findings may further our understanding of live streaming commerce as a new form of digital genre, and shed light on how successful broadcasters may strategically manage their relationship with viewers through well-organized discourse forms. Theoretically, the present research may contribute to the literature of employing rapport management theory in the discourse domain by extending it into a new digital genre analysis. Practically, our findings may provide implications for relevant practitioners.
尽管研究兴趣越来越大,但现有的关于直播商业作为一种新型电子商务模式的文献还处于起步阶段。本研究基于中国淘宝直播前两大直播商的100个商业直播视频,进行了基于体裁的话语分析,以探讨这一新体裁的移动模式。本研究运用人际关系管理理论,检视电视节目的语言功能,探讨广播公司如何设法增进广播与观众的关系。我们的研究结果可能会进一步加深我们对直播商业作为一种新型数字类型的理解,并阐明成功的广播公司如何通过组织良好的话语形式战略性地管理与观众的关系。从理论上讲,本研究可以通过将关系管理理论扩展到一种新的数字类型分析,为话语领域中运用关系管理理论的文献做出贡献。实际上,我们的研究结果可能为相关从业者提供启示。
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引用次数: 0
Hong Kong Cantonese TV talk shows 香港粤语电视脱口秀节目
IF 1.1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.1075/prag.21065.lee
C. Lee, Daoning Zhu
This study examines how impoliteness is carried out through code-switching in the Hong Kong Cantonese television talk show Sze U Tonight. Hong Kong is a modern and globalised Chinese society with a colonial background and is currently part of China. This unique combination makes the norms that govern code-switching and impoliteness in talk shows worth exploring. It is interesting to examine how the Hong Kong people express themselves through their language choices, especially when this is put in the media for public viewing, situated in the context of semi-institutional conversations on a Hong Kong television talk show. Using Spencer-Oatey’s (2002, 2008) rapport management framework, this paper discusses the forms and functions of code-switching that manifest as impoliteness in the media of a multilingual Chinese society.
本研究探讨香港粤语电视谈话节目《思玉今夜》中的不礼貌行为是如何通过语码转换进行的。香港是一个现代和全球化的中国社会,拥有殖民背景,目前是中国的一部分。这种独特的结合使得控制谈话节目中语码转换和不礼貌的规范值得探索。研究香港人如何通过他们的语言选择来表达自己,是一件有趣的事情,尤其是当这些语言被放在媒体上供公众观看时,就像香港电视脱口秀节目中半制度化的对话一样。本文运用spicer - oatey(2002,2008)的关系管理框架,探讨了中国多语言社会媒体中表现为不礼貌的语码转换的形式和功能。
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引用次数: 1
Japanese no datta and no de atta in written discourse 日语在书面话语中没有data和de atta
IF 1.1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.1075/prag.20079.nis
Hironori Nishi
The present study examines no datta and no de atta, which are the past-tense forms of no da and no de aru in written Japanese. The analysis demonstrates that the choice between the present-tense no da/no de aru and the past-tense no datta/no de atta does not affect the temporal interpretation when they follow past-tense morphemes. However, a close examination has also revealed that the past-tense no datta/no de atta cannot follow a past-tense morpheme when the ongoing mode of discourse is non-narrative, while no da/no de aru and no datta/no de atta are both available options when the discourse is in the mode of narrative. The present study also suggests that when no datta/no de atta is used in narrative, it indicates that the stated information is less impactful, less dramatic, and more temporally distant, compared to the cases where no da/no de aru is used.
本研究考察了日语书面语中no da和no de aru的过去式no datta和no de atta。分析表明,现在时no da/no de aru和过去时no datta/no de atta的选择在跟随过去语素时并不影响时间解释。然而,仔细研究也发现,当话语的进行模式为非叙事性时,过去式no datta/no de atta不能跟随过去式语素,而当话语处于叙事性模式时,no da/no de aru和no datta/no de atta都是可用的选项。本研究还表明,当在叙述中使用no datta/no de atta时,与使用no da/no de aru的情况相比,它表明所述信息的影响力较小,戏剧性较小,并且时间间隔更长。
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引用次数: 0
Has madam read Wilson (2016)? 夫人读过威尔逊(2016)吗?
IF 1.1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1075/prag.21073.pis
A. Piskorska
This paper offers an account of Polish addressative forms encoding deference and familiarity in terms of the relevance-theoretic notion of procedural meaning, which underlies a heterogeneous range of phenomena linked to different cognitive domains. The procedure encoded by pronouns used referentially can be seen as targeting the domain of inferential comprehension and contributing to the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance by identifying a referent of a pronoun. It is claimed here that addressative forms marking the politeness distinction encode another procedure, targeting the social cognition module and activating the hearer’s readiness to identify the form as (in)congruent with social norms. It is argued that the politeness element in addressative forms does not involve conceptual encoding. The potential of the T/V forms for giving rise to stylistic effects is also explored. It is suggested that the proposal can be extended to other languages with the T/V distinction.
本文从程序意义的关联理论概念出发,阐述了波兰语的称呼形式对顺从和熟悉的编码,这是与不同认知领域相关的异质现象的基础。指称代词编码的过程可以看作是针对推理理解的领域,并通过识别代词的指称来促进话语的真-条件意义。本文认为,标志着礼貌区别的称呼形式编码了另一个程序,它以社会认知模块为目标,激活听者将该形式识别为符合社会规范的意愿。本文认为,称呼语中的礼貌成分不涉及概念编码。本文还探讨了影视形式在文体效果上的潜在作用。有人建议,这项建议可以扩大到其他语文,但有电视/电视的区别。
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引用次数: 0
Overlaps in collaboration adjustments 协作调整中的重叠
IF 1.1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1075/prag.21009.tak
Lala U. Takeda
This study examines collaborative utterance overlaps in American English and Japanese interactions between the same participants in two genres, conversation and problem-solving tasks, from the perspective of metacommunication. Quantitative and qualitative analyses indicated that participants’ use of overlap varies in frequency and function by genre. In conversation tasks, speakers of both languages used overlaps to maintain coherence and keep the story on track. In problem-solving tasks, American English overlaps conveyed agreement with or acceptance of the proposed idea, whereas Japanese overlaps in this genre conveyed common understanding. Participants attended to situational adjustment, and the development of collaboration in interactions differed by context and genre depending on the purpose of the conversation and the amount of information shared by participants. These results suggest the importance of teaching students how to use overlaps in both American English and Japanese interactions to enhance their understanding and appreciation of the cultural nuances of collaboration.
本研究从元交际的角度考察了同一参与者在会话和问题解决任务两种类型的美式英语和日语互动中的协作性话语重叠。定量和定性分析表明,参与者使用重叠的频率和功能因类型而异。在对话任务中,两种语言的讲话者使用重叠来保持连贯性并使故事保持正轨。在解决问题的任务中,美式英语中的重叠表达了同意或接受所提出的想法,而日语中的重叠表达了共同的理解。参与者参与了情境调整,在互动中合作的发展因语境和类型而异,这取决于对话的目的和参与者共享的信息量。这些结果表明,教学生如何在美式英语和日语的互动中使用重叠,以提高他们对合作的文化细微差别的理解和欣赏的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Ad hoc concepts and the relevance heuristics 特别概念和相关启发式
IF 1.1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1075/prag.21057.lec
Benoît Leclercq
The idea that interpreting a lexeme typically involves a context-dependent process of meaning construction has in recent years become common ground in linguistic theory. This view is very explicit in relevance theory (Sperber and Wilson 1995), which posits that speakers systematically infer ad hoc concepts (Carston 2002). Such an approach raises theoretical issues, though. First, it directly poses a challenge for the exact nature of (and difference between) concepts and ad hoc concepts (Carston 2002, 249). In addition, as Wilson (2011, 2016) and Carston (2013, 2016) point out, this view also uncovers the following paradox: if speakers are assumed to follow a path of least effort (relevance heuristics), why should they so systematically infer ad hoc concepts rather than test the encoded concept first? The aim of this paper is to reflect on this theoretical puzzle. It will first be argued that the hypotheses formulated both by Wilson and by Carston seem rather post hoc and fail to fully resolve the apparent paradox. Attention will then be given to the assumed nature of (ad hoc) concepts to show that the problem can be resolved when an alternative (non-atomic) view of concepts in terms of meaning potential is adopted.
近年来,对词汇的解释通常涉及一个依赖于语境的意义构建过程,这一观点在语言学理论中已成为共识。这种观点在关联理论(Sperber and Wilson 1995)中非常明确,该理论假设说话者系统地推断特设概念(Carston 2002)。然而,这种方法提出了一些理论问题。首先,它直接对概念和特别概念的确切性质(以及它们之间的区别)提出了挑战(Carston 2002, 249)。此外,正如Wilson(2011年,2016年)和Carston(2013年,2016年)指出的那样,这种观点也揭示了以下悖论:如果假设说话者遵循最省力的路径(相关性启发式),为什么他们要如此系统地推断特别的概念,而不是首先测试编码的概念?本文的目的就是对这一理论难题进行反思。首先,威尔逊和卡斯顿提出的假设似乎都是事后的,并不能完全解决这个明显的悖论。然后将注意到(特别)概念的假定性质,以表明当采用另一种(非原子)概念的意义潜力观点时,问题可以得到解决。
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引用次数: 0
Paralanguage and ad hoc concepts 辅助语言和特别概念
IF 1.1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1075/prag.21059.pad
Manuel Padilla Cruz
Ad hoc concept construction is regarded as a case of free pragmatic enrichment, so it is presented as a non-linguistically mandated process that is automatically accomplished during mutual parallel adjustment. Recent research suggests that this lexical pragmatic process may be marked and steered by various linguistic elements. These include evaluative morphemes, lexical and phrasal items adjacent to content words, and stylistic resources like repetition or rewording. This paper argues that paralanguage may fulfil a similar enacting function and finetune the conceptual representations arising from content words on the grounds of idiosyncratic, context-dependent features or shades, as well as propositional and non-propositional information about the speaker’s psychological states. However, the paper restricts this function to expressive interjections, prosodic inputs like pitch, contrastive stress and pace or tempo, and gestural inputs such as language-like gestures, pantomimes and emblems. Conative interjections, intonation and proper gesticulation would be excluded from contributing to lexical pragmatic processes.
临时概念构建被认为是一种自由的语用丰富,因此它被呈现为一种非语言强制的过程,在相互平行调整过程中自动完成。最近的研究表明,这一词汇语用过程可能受到各种语言因素的标记和控制。这些包括评价语素,与实义词相邻的词汇和短语项目,以及重复或重新措辞等风格资源。本文认为,副语言可以发挥类似的作用,根据特质、语境依赖的特征或阴影,以及关于说话人心理状态的命题和非命题信息,对实词产生的概念表征进行微调。然而,本文将此功能限制在表达感叹词,韵律输入,如音高,对比重音和速度或速度,以及手势输入,如语言手势,哑剧和符号。对位感叹词、语调和适当的手势将被排除在词汇语用过程之外。
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引用次数: 1
Nigerian stand-up comediennes performing femininity 尼日利亚单口喜剧演员表演女性气质
IF 1.1 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1075/prag.20014.fil
I. Filani
Nigerian stand-up comedy has attracted several investigations from different disciplinary perspectives; however, there has been little research interest into the performance of femininity in the genre. Coming from pragmatics, this paper analyses how Nigerian comediennes use the language of humour to (de)construct sociocultural perspectives on the female identity. Data comprise purposively selected routines of three female comics while Kecskes’ (2014) approach to intention serves as the theoretical framework. Comediennes employ different pragmatic strategies that reference their intention to reinforce or challenge the traditional image of femininity. Analysis reveals comediennes perform the popular perspectives on femininity, which are enshrined in the wider sociocultural context of the country.
尼日利亚的单口喜剧吸引了来自不同学科角度的几项调查;然而,关于女性气质在这一流派中的表现的研究兴趣却很少。本文从语用学的角度分析了尼日利亚喜剧演员如何运用幽默语言建构女性身份的社会文化视角。数据包括有目的选择的三个女性漫画的套路,而Kecskes(2014)的意图方法作为理论框架。喜剧演员采用不同的实用主义策略来强化或挑战传统的女性形象。分析表明,喜剧表演了对女性气质的流行观点,这些观点被奉为国家更广泛的社会文化背景。
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引用次数: 0
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Pragmatics
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