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Promoting multicultural and social justice counselling competency of international counselling students 提高国际咨询专业学生的多元文化和社会正义咨询能力
IF 1.2 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/capr.12803
Yusen Zhai, Diandra J. Prescod

The enrolment of international students in US counselling programmes has been increasing steadily over the past decade. These international counselling students, as an emerging international workforce, can contribute to the decolonisation of counselling practice through the development of their multicultural and social justice counselling competency (MSJCC)—an essential counselling competency to improve counselling outcomes across culturally diverse clients. However, current US counsellor training programmes often fail to adequately address the unique challenges faced by international counselling students, which can impede their progress in enhancing MSJCC. This article explores specific challenges international counselling students encounter in developing MSJCC, underscoring the importance of culturally sensitive pedagogies. By focusing on the intersectional identities of international counselling students, this article proposes targeted pedagogical strategies that align US counsellor education with the lived experiences and challenges faced by these students. Case studies are provided to illustrate the application of these pedagogies. Promoting international counselling students' MSJCC can help prepare an international workforce capable of effectively working with a diverse global population and contribute to the decolonisation of counselling practices.

过去十年来,美国辅导课程的国际学生注册人数一直在稳步增长。这些国际辅导学生作为新兴的国际劳动力,可以通过发展他们的多元文化和社会正义辅导能力(MSJCC)为辅导实践的非殖民化做出贡献--MSJCC 是一种基本的辅导能力,可以改善不同文化背景客户的辅导结果。然而,当前的美国辅导员培训课程往往未能充分应对国际辅导学生所面临的独特挑战,这可能会阻碍他们在提高 MSJCC 方面取得进展。本文探讨了国际辅导学生在发展 MSJCC 方面遇到的具体挑战,强调了文化敏感教学法的重要性。通过关注国际辅导学生的交叉身份,本文提出了有针对性的教学策略,使美国辅导员教育与这些学生的生活经历和面临的挑战相一致。本文提供了案例研究,以说明这些教学法的应用。促进国际辅导学生的澳门金沙国际可以帮助培养一支能够有效地与多样化的全球人口合作的国际人才队伍,并为辅导实践的非殖民化做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
A qualitative study of clinicians' impressions regarding the implementation of a clinical and research data collection system 关于临床医生对实施临床和研究数据收集系统的印象的定性研究
IF 1.2 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1002/capr.12804
Gabrielle Riopel, Tania Lecomte, Raphaëlle Merlo, Bruno Gauthier, Simon Grenier, Catherine-Marie Vanasse

Background

Systematically collecting data on clientele databases allows for describing the clientele's needs and addressing various clinical research questions. Conducted in a university psychology clinic, this initiative seeks to improve the overall quality of care provided by integrating evidence-based practices. This study works to bridge the gap between clinical practice and research.

Aims

This study aimed to describe the potential repercussions and clinicians' impressions regarding the implementation of this procedure.

Research Design

An inductive qualitative approach, inspired by Husserl's descriptive phenomenology, was used. To be consistent with this approach, data analysis followed Giorgi's five-step scientific phenomenological method.

Data Collection and Analysis

Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 14 volunteer clinicians using an interview guide. The data were analysed to extract central themes using Giorgi's method, which involves collecting verbal data, reading the data, dividing it into units of meaning, organising the data using the language of the discipline and synthesising the results.

Results

Five central themes emerged: barriers to implementation, potential impacts on therapy, recommendations to enhance participation, perceived utility and an attitude of openness.

Discussion

The pilot project provides valuable insights into the feasibility and acceptability of systematic data collection in a clinical setting. Clinician consultation proves to be essential in the implementation process, highlighting the importance of addressing practical and philosophical obstacles.

Conclusion

Understanding clinicians' experiences can guide future implementations of similar systems and improve clinical practice by supporting the integration of systematic data collection. Enhanced communication and training on the data collection system are suggested.

通过系统地收集客户数据库的数据,可以描述客户的需求并解决各种临床研究问题。这项研究在一所大学的心理诊所开展,旨在通过整合循证实践,提高医疗服务的整体质量。本研究旨在描述实施该程序的潜在影响和临床医生对该程序的印象。研究采用了归纳定性方法,该方法受到胡塞尔描述性现象学的启发。为了与这一方法保持一致,数据分析遵循了乔吉的五步科学现象学方法。研究使用访谈指南对 14 名志愿临床医生进行了半结构化个人访谈。采用 Giorgi 的方法对数据进行了分析,以提取中心主题,该方法包括收集口头数据、阅读数据、将数据划分为意义单位、使用学科语言组织数据以及综合结果。事实证明,临床医生的咨询在实施过程中至关重要,突出了解决实际和理念障碍的重要性。了解临床医生的经验可以指导今后类似系统的实施,并通过支持整合系统数据收集来改善临床实践。建议加强数据收集系统的沟通和培训。
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引用次数: 0
Eye movements and emotions: Efficacy of novel eye-movement protocol Tholáge 眼动与情绪:新型眼动方案 Tholáge 的功效
IF 1.2 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/capr.12801
Gina C. Martin, Deanna Chrones, Corey Fritsch

Background

Eye-movement protocols are considered empirical, evidence-based treatments for mental disorders, and there is ample research around their efficacy. However, little research as to why these approaches are effective exists. In this study, an emerging approach, titled Tholáge neuropsychotherapy (called RELEASE at the time of the study), is explained and tested through an exploratory mixed method experiment.

Aims

A new theory on the efficacy of eye-movement treatments is also presented, exploring existing research and contending that specific emotions are associated with specific eye movements. If proven, it may be possible to use eye movements to access specific emotions, for therapeutic outcomes.

Methods

In this experiment, there were 14 participants (n = 14) who experienced Tholáge as a treatment for depression. Two one-way ANOVAs were conducted and found to be statistically significant and have a large effect size. Qualitative responses were shared from participants, and themes were highlighted.

Results

The ANOVAs and qualitative responses demonstrated that Tholáge was effective with emotional regulation, and participants showed improvement on measures of affect and depression (the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Beck Depression Inventory).

Discussion

These results show that there is potential for this new eye-movement treatment in reducing symptoms of depression.

Conclusion

These findings can help practitioners in treatment of depression and potentially other diagnoses as well. There needs to be more research studies conducted on the efficacy of this treatment protocol.

眼动疗法被认为是治疗精神障碍的经验性循证疗法,有关其疗效的研究也很多。然而,关于这些方法为何有效的研究却很少。本研究通过一项探索性的混合方法实验,解释并测试了一种名为 "Tholáge 神经心理疗法"(研究时称为 "RELEASE")的新兴方法。研究还提出了一种关于眼动疗法疗效的新理论,该理论对现有研究进行了探索,认为特定情绪与特定眼动相关。在本实验中,有 14 名参与者(n = 14)体验了 Tholáge 作为抑郁症治疗方法。实验中进行了两次单因素方差分析,结果显示其具有显著的统计学意义和较大的效应规模。方差分析和定性回答表明,Tholáge 对情绪调节有效,参与者在情绪和抑郁测量(积极和消极情绪表和贝克抑郁量表)方面有所改善。这些结果表明,这种新的眼动疗法在减少抑郁症状方面具有潜力。对于这种治疗方案的疗效,还需要进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
When compassion, aka karuna, enters the Indian psychotherapy space: A mixed-method case-series study of compassion-focused therapy in depression 当慈悲心(又名卡鲁纳)进入印度心理治疗领域:以同情为中心的抑郁症治疗案例系列混合方法研究
IF 1.2 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/capr.12793
Pramita Sengupta, Priya Saxena

Background

Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) is transdiagnostic. It primarily targets shame and self-criticism in persons with depression. While there have been studies in the West to explore the beneficial effects of CFT, there is a need to unpack how CFT functions in the East.

Method

This study aimed to explore the utility and process of CFT in North-East India. The authors tailored a 12-session CFT module based on the suggestions of three local mental health professionals. A mixed-method design was employed. Five mental health service users in a tertiary mental healthcare hospital diagnosed with depression based on ICD-10 criteria were recruited in the study. For quantitative measurements, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Others as Shamer Scale (OAS), Fears of Compassion Scales (FOC), The Forms of Self-Criticizing and Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) and Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales (CEAS) were administered. Three time point assessments were taken, that is, baseline, post-intervention and 1-month follow-up. To understand the process of CFT, qualitative narrative analysis was undertaken on session notes, memos and reflective journals focusing on the nature of compassion, blocks of compassion, sense of shame and self-criticality.

Results

Quantitative findings indicated improvement of depressive symptoms and changes in sense of shame, fear of compassion, self-criticality, self-reassuring tendencies and compassionate engagements and actions. The qualitative findings shed light on the process of CFT.

Conclusion

The authors discussed the findings anchoring the existing theories of CFT and relevant studies. The findings support the preliminary evidence of the utility of CFT in persons with depression.

以同情为中心的疗法(CFT)是一种跨诊断的疗法。它主要针对抑郁症患者的羞耻感和自我批评。虽然西方已有研究探讨了慈悲为怀疗法的有益效果,但仍有必要了解慈悲为怀疗法在东方是如何发挥作用的。本研究旨在探讨慈悲为怀疗法在印度东北部的效用和过程。作者根据三位当地心理健康专业人士的建议,定制了一个为期 12 个疗程的 CFT 模块。研究采用了混合方法设计。研究招募了一家三级精神卫生保健医院的五名根据 ICD-10 标准诊断为抑郁症的精神卫生服务使用者。研究采用汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表(HDRS)、他人羞辱量表(OAS)、怜悯恐惧量表(FOC)、自我批评和自我安慰量表(FSCRS)以及怜悯参与和行动量表(CEAS)进行定量测量。评估分为三个时间点,即基线、干预后和一个月的随访。定量研究结果表明,抑郁症状有所改善,羞耻感、对同情的恐惧、自我批评、自我安慰倾向以及同情参与和行动都发生了变化。定性研究结果揭示了关爱治疗的过程。作者根据现有的关爱治疗理论和相关研究对研究结果进行了讨论。研究结果支持了 CFT 在抑郁症患者中的初步实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Trans and non-binary person-centred therapists' experiences of, and responses to, transprejudice from clients: A reflexive thematic analysis 以跨性别和非二元性人为中心的治疗师对来自客户的跨性别偏见的体验和反应:反思性主题分析
IF 1.2 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1002/capr.12798
Megan Wright, David Murphy

Aims

This qualitative study aimed to explore what it is like for trans and non-binary (TNB) person-centred therapists to be exposed to transprejudice in their client work, and how they navigate such relationships. In so doing, the study aims to amplify TNB perspectives, encourage better allyship from cisgender colleagues, workplaces and professional bodies, and inform understandings of person-centred theory and practice.

Method

Five White, TNB, person-centred therapists took part in non-directive interviews. A reflexive thematic analysis was performed with a phenomenological and hermeneutical approach.

Findings

Therapists perceived their encounters with transprejudice in client work to be infrequent or less intense than in other areas of their lives. Clients who expressed transprejudice were seen as situated in a transprejudiced context, which allowed the therapists to maintain unconditional positive regard and empathy. The therapists nonetheless reported an adverse effect on their well-being, which required proactive support from peers.

Implications

This study demonstrates the need for cisgender colleagues of TNB therapists to be sensitive to the dynamics of transprejudice. Further research is necessary to elucidate the role of internalised transprejudice in shaping TNB therapists' understandings of their person-centred practice. Further research is also required to account for the range of identities and backgrounds in the TNB community.

这项定性研究旨在探讨变性和非二元性(TNB)人本治疗师在客户工作中接触到变性偏见的感受,以及他们如何处理这种关系。在此过程中,该研究旨在扩大 TNB 的视角,鼓励顺性别同事、工作场所和专业机构更好地结盟,并为理解以人为本的理论和实践提供信息。五名白人、TNB、以人为本的治疗师参加了非指导性访谈。治疗师们认为,与生活中的其他领域相比,他们在客户工作中遇到的换位偏见并不常见或不那么强烈。在治疗师看来,表达出 "换位偏见 "的客户被视为处于 "换位偏见 "的环境中,这使得治疗师能够保持无条件的积极关注和同理心。这项研究表明,TNB 治疗师的顺性别同事需要对转性偏见的动态变化保持敏感。有必要开展进一步研究,以阐明内化的异性偏见在影响 TNB 治疗师对其以人为本的实践的理解方面所起的作用。此外,还需要进一步研究 TNB 群体的各种身份和背景。
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引用次数: 0
An evaluation of patient and public involvement (PPI) experience in NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression services: A framework analysis and practical recommendations 对英国国家医疗服务系统(NHS)焦虑症和抑郁症谈话疗法服务中患者和公众参与(PPI)经验的评估:框架分析与实用建议
IF 1.2 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1002/capr.12795
Irini L. Verbist, Hannah Fabian, Dale Huey, Helen Brooks, Amy Blakemore

Objective

Patient and public involvement (PPI) refers to the active participation of people, patients, and carers in all stages of research and service delivery development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PPI experiences in an NHS TTad (Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression) setting and to offer practical recommendations to support PPI activity in service development.

Method

A semi-structured focus group was conducted with five participants who had previously attended a series of PPI groups in TTad services in the Northwest of England. The qualitative data collected were analysed using the INVOLVE framework, incorporating both inductive and deductive coding.

Results

Twelve subthemes emerged, reflecting positive PPI experiences: appreciating PPI contribution, respect for mental health experiences, learning opportunity for PPI members, flexibility and guidance, reimbursement for PPI time, expectations of PPI role in TTad services, availability and commitment, inclusive participation in TTad development, responding to PPI input, diversity, peer support and continued involvement in TTad service development. An additional theme, safe space, emphasised the importance of a comfortable environment and discretion.

Conclusion

Practical recommendations are provided to enhance recruitment, engagement, empowerment and the impact of PPI in TTad services.

患者和公众参与(PPI)是指人们、患者和护理者积极参与研究和服务开发的各个阶段。本研究旨在评估英国国家医疗服务系统(NHS)TTad(焦虑和抑郁的谈话疗法)环境中的患者和公众参与经验,并为支持服务开发中的患者和公众参与活动提供实用建议。研究人员与五名参与者进行了半结构化焦点小组讨论,这些参与者曾参加过英格兰西北部 TTad 服务中的一系列患者和公众参与小组。我们使用 INVOLVE 框架对收集到的定性数据进行了分析,并结合了归纳法和演绎法编码。我们发现了 12 个次主题,反映了 PPI 的积极经验:赞赏 PPI 的贡献、尊重心理健康经验、为 PPI 成员提供学习机会、灵活性和指导、补偿 PPI 的时间、期望 PPI 在 TTad 服务中的作用、可用性和承诺、包容性地参与 TTad 发展、回应 PPI 的投入、多样性、同伴支持以及继续参与 TTad 服务发展。另外一个主题 "安全空间 "强调了舒适环境和自由裁量权的重要性。我们还提供了一些实用建议,以加强创伤治疗师服务中的 PPI 招聘、参与、授权和影响。
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引用次数: 0
Does personal therapy predict better trainee effectiveness? 个人治疗能否提高受训者的效率?
IF 1.2 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1002/capr.12797
Xu Li, Yuanming Wang, Feihan Li

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine whether the history of personal therapy among therapist trainees predicts their clinical effectiveness in terms of client symptom reduction.

Methods

Two anonymous archived datasets from a longitudinal research project on mental health counselling training in China were used. Both datasets included trainee-reported history of personal therapy and their client-reported symptom levels prior to each counselling session.

Results

Using multilevel modelling, we found that, in Dataset 1, neither of the personal therapy variables (whether trainees had undergone personal therapy nor number of personal therapy hours) significantly predicted trainees' client symptom outcome. Dataset 2, which included whether trainees were satisfied with their personal therapy, showed that more hours of unsatisfactory personal therapy for a trainee were associated with decreased average client symptom improvement, whereas more hours of highly satisfactory personal therapy for a trainee were associated with greater client symptom improvement.

Conclusions

Findings in this study suggested that the association between trainees' personal therapy length and their clinical effectiveness may be moderated by the quality of their personal therapy: Whereas satisfactory personal therapy might be beneficial in the trainee's clinical work, longer unsatisfactory personal therapy was associated with decreased trainee effectiveness. Research limitations and implications for training are discussed.

本研究旨在探讨治疗师学员的个人治疗史是否能预测他们在减轻客户症状方面的临床疗效。研究使用了中国心理健康咨询培训纵向研究项目中的两个匿名存档数据集。两个数据集都包括学员报告的个人治疗史和每次咨询前客户报告的症状水平。通过多层次建模,我们发现数据集 1 中的个人治疗变量(学员是否接受过个人治疗或个人治疗时数)都不能显著预测学员的客户症状结果。数据集 2 包括受训者对个人治疗是否满意,结果显示,受训者接受不满意个人治疗的小时数越多,客户症状改善的平均程度就越低,而接受非常满意个人治疗的小时数越多,客户症状改善的平均程度就越高:令人满意的个人治疗可能对受训者的临床工作有益,而不令人满意的个人治疗时间较长则会降低受训者的有效性。本文讨论了研究的局限性和对培训的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Healing involvement and stressful involvement experienced by psychotherapy trainees: Patterns, correlates and perceived development 心理治疗学员所经历的治疗参与和压力参与:模式、相关性和感知发展
IF 1.2 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1002/capr.12788
D. E. Orlinsky, M. H. Rønnestad, U. Willutzki, T. A. Schröder, E. Heinonen, H. Löffler-Stastka, I. Messina, J. Pirke, A. Hartmann

Background and Method

The experiences of 454 psychotherapy trainees when providing therapy to patients were surveyed in a multinational sample largely from European countries, as part of the collaborative SPRISTAD study, using established measures of trainees' Healing Involvement (HI) and Stressful Involvement (SI).

Results

The results of cross-sectional analyses included the delineation of four differential patterns of therapeutic work involvement showing approximately half the trainees experienced an Effective Practice (high HI, low SI) while the other half experienced either a Challenging Practice (high HI, high SI), a Disengaged Practice (low HI, low SI) or a Distressing Practice (low HI, high SI).

Discussion

Strong-to-moderate correlations were found between involvement styles and trainees' individual personal and professional characteristics, and among training programme and workplace situational conditions, and their possible applications to candidate selection and training practices were discussed. A strong association was seen between HI and SI qualities of trainees' therapeutic work and their positive or negative experiences of current professional development. Implications for training and hypotheses for future longitudinal studies were proposed based on the results.

作为 SPRISTAD 合作研究的一部分,我们对 454 名心理治疗受训人员在为患者提供治疗时的经历进行了调查,这些受训人员主要来自欧洲国家,调查中使用了已确立的受训人员 "治疗性参与"(HI)和 "压力性参与"(SI)测量方法。横断面分析结果显示,约有一半的受训者经历了有效的实践(高 HI、低 SI),而另一半的受训者则经历了挑战性实践(高 HI、高 SI)、脱离实践(低 HI、低 SI)或压力性实践(低 HI、高 SI)。研究发现,参与方式与受训者的个人和职业特征、培训计划和工作场所的情景条件之间存在着较强至中等程度的相关性,并讨论了这些相关性在候选人遴选和培训实践中可能的应用。在受训者治疗工作的 HI 和 SI 素质与他们对当前专业发展的积极或消极体验之间存在密切联系。根据研究结果,提出了对培训的启示和未来纵向研究的假设。
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引用次数: 0
It's like Jenga: A collaborative autoethnography study into facilitators' experiences of a person-centred community of practice, focused on critical thinking skills for counselling and psychotherapy students 这就像 Jenga:协作式自编民族志研究:以人为本的实践社区中主持人的经验,重点是辅导和心理治疗专业学生的批判性思维技能
IF 1.2 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/capr.12796
Peter Blundell, Madeline Hall

Background

Communities and groups based on person-centred theoretical principles are often a core part of counselling and psychotherapy training within this modality, yet no research has been undertaken that considers these groups as a community of practice . Furthermore, no research has been undertaken that explores the impact of these groups when they are run alongside, rather than as part of, the curriculum.

Aims

This study explores our experiences of facilitating a community of practice for trainee personcentred/experiential therapists that focused on critical thinking skills. This community was established over a 12-week period and was attended by students from across 3-year groups.

Methods

Using collaborative autoethnography to explore these encounters, we identify four key aspects of our experience of this community.

Results

The following aspects were identified: (1) Fecund and Fruitful—A Space for Growth; (2) Freedom to Learn; (3) Jenga!—Navigating the Dimensions of Community Facilitator; and (4) Power and Control.

Discussion

This study centres on the idea of student-centred learning as a way of challenging hegemonic notions of education and learning within higher educational settings.

Conclusion

These findings could help others set up and facilitate other communities of practice based on person-centred principles, in counselling and psychotherapy training, or other associated fields of study.

基于以人为本的理论原则的社区和小组通常是这种模式中咨询和心理治疗培训的核心部分,但还没有研究将这些小组视为实践社区。本研究探讨了我们在促进以人为本/体验式治疗师学员实践社区方面的经验,该社区的重点是批判性思维能力。这个社区的建立历时 12 周,有来自 3 个年级组的学生参加。我们使用合作式自我民族志来探索这些接触,并确定了我们在这个社区中的四个主要方面:(本研究以 "以学生为中心 "的学习理念为中心,将其作为挑战高等教育环境中教育和学习霸权观念的一种方式。
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引用次数: 0
Research-informed counselling and psychotherapy: A training and accreditation agenda 以研究为基础的咨询和心理治疗:培训和认证议程
IF 1.2 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1002/capr.12799
Mick Cooper, John McLeod, Kate Smith

Training and accreditation standards play a critical role in the development of a research-informed agenda. This commentary on Barkham et al. (Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 2024) discusses obstacles to fully integrating research into the training and standard agendas, and the potential role that the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) can play in helping to overcome such obstacles. Knowledge of research evidence is currently limited in training and accreditation standards for counselling and psychotherapy, and course tutors are often not familiar—or engaged—with research findings. In the development of professional standards (for instance, within SCoPEd), the BACP should work to ensure that research competencies are comprehensive, contemporary and explained in a granular manner. Further helpful developments might include an annual research-oriented conference for trainers and clinical supervisors, a journal dedicated to disseminating research and good practice in training and clinical supervision and/or a training/clinical supervision research network to coordinate activities in these area. BACP events—across all elements of the profession—should strive to address issues of research awareness and participation, and the use of research to inform practice. Critically, across all of these possibilities, BACP's Research Department, alone, cannot be left to support moves to a research-informed profession. Rather, an organisation-wide initiative is needed in which appreciation of the research evidence is at the heart of all aspects of the Association's work.

培训和认证标准在制定以研究为基础的议程方面发挥着至关重要的作用。这篇对 Barkham 等人(《咨询与心理治疗研究》,2024 年)的评论讨论了将研究充分纳入培训和标准议程的障碍,以及英国咨询与心理治疗协会(BACP)在帮助克服这些障碍方面可能发挥的作用。目前,在咨询与心理治疗的培训和认证标准中,对研究证据的了解十分有限,课程导师往往不熟悉或不参与研究成果。在制定专业标准时(例如,在 SCoPEd 范围内),英国心理咨询与治疗师协会应努力确保研究能力是全面的、现代的,并以细化的方式加以解释。其他有益的发展可能包括:为培训师和临床督导人员举办以研究为导向的年度会议,出版一份专门传播培训和临床督导方面的研究和良好实践的期刊,以及/或建立一个培训/临床督导研究网络,以协调这些领域的活动。BACP 的各项活动--涉及该行业的所有要素--应努力解决研究意识和参与问题,并利用研究为实践提供信息。重要的是,在所有这些可能性中,BACP 的研究部门不能独自支持向研究型专业发展。相反,需要在整个组织范围内采取主动行动,将对研究证据的重视作为协会各方面工作的核心。
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Counselling & Psychotherapy Research
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