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Developing a Counselling and Psychotherapy Competency Framework for Addictions: A Systematic Review 开发成瘾的咨询和心理治疗能力框架:系统回顾
IF 1.3 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/capr.70083
Faisal Mahmood, Wayne Full, George Salaminios, Jo Pybis, Susan Critchley, Traci Postings, Phaedra Longhurst, Keri Johnson, Gabriel Wynn
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Adults with addictions may turn to professional counsellors and psychotherapists for help. Addictions work comprises a specialist counselling skillset. This article summarises the literature review and analysis that underpins the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy's (BACP) Addictions Competence Framework.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>This study aimed to identify the specialist knowledge, skills and experience associated with effective counselling for adults seeking help with addictions, whether active or in recovery.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Materials and Methods</h3> <p>We systematically reviewed empirical research and wider literature. The EBSCO database was searched following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines, using a range of search terms and appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant data were extracted, reviewed and thematically synthesised.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Forty-seven relevant articles were identified. Five superordinate themes were developed: (1) specialist addiction knowledge; (2) assessment and treatment planning; (3) training, supervision and professional practice; (4) client-focused approach; (5) specific therapeutic techniques. Findings from this study indicate that addictions counselling work is enhanced when therapists have knowledge of different addiction models and are able to offer suitable interventions for the pre-treatment phase, relapse prevention and for supporting the recovery process.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Discussion</h3> <p>Effective therapy adopts an integrative, client-focused approach that fosters safety and collaboration. It focuses on managing cravings/urges, addressing emotional concerns and helping clients challenge self-defeating thoughts and beliefs. Techniques associated with effective addictions counselling include psychoeducation, motivational interviewing and mindfulness-based strategies. Delivery style is characterised by empathy and a non-confrontational stance.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>This review identifies specialist knowledge, skills and experience associated with effective counselling for adults seeking help with addictions and provides evidence to underpin the BACP's Addictions Competence Framework.</p>
有成瘾的成年人可能会向专业咨询师和心理治疗师寻求帮助。戒毒工作包括一套专业咨询技能。本文总结了支持英国心理咨询和心理治疗协会(BACP)成瘾能力框架的文献综述和分析。目的本研究的目的是确定专业知识,技能和经验,有效地咨询成年人寻求帮助的成瘾,无论是积极或恢复。材料和方法我们系统地回顾了实证研究和更广泛的文献。按照系统评价首选报告项目(PRISMA)指南,使用一系列搜索词和适当的纳入和排除标准对EBSCO数据库进行搜索。对相关数据进行了提取、审查和专题综合。结果共鉴定出47篇相关文献。开发了五个上级主题:(1)专家成瘾知识;(2)评估和治疗计划;(三)培训、监督和业务实践;(4)以客户为中心;(5)具体治疗技术。这项研究的结果表明,当治疗师了解不同的成瘾模式,并能够为治疗前阶段、预防复发和支持康复过程提供适当的干预措施时,成瘾咨询工作就会得到加强。有效的治疗采用一种综合的、以客户为中心的方法,促进安全和协作。它侧重于控制渴望/冲动,解决情感问题,帮助客户挑战自我挫败的想法和信念。与有效的成瘾咨询相关的技术包括心理教育、动机访谈和基于正念的策略。演讲风格的特点是移情和不对抗的立场。结论:本综述确定了与寻求成瘾帮助的成年人有效咨询相关的专业知识、技能和经验,并为BACP的成瘾能力框架提供了证据。
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引用次数: 0
Statistical Relations Among the CORE-10, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in an English Urban Community Counselling and Psychotherapy Clinic 某英国城市社区心理咨询诊所的CORE-10、PHQ-9和GAD-7的统计关系
IF 1.3 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/capr.70067
Joel Vos, Emma Broglia, Biljana van Rijn, Maritina Peristeri, Michael Barkham, William B. Stiles

Background

Three widely used brief self-report symptom intensity measures used to assess clients seeking psychological therapy are the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which focuses on depression, the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), which focuses on anxiety, and the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-10 (CORE-10), which focuses on general distress.

Aim

This study aimed to examine the statistical relations among the PHQ-9, GAD-7 and CORE-10, their level of inter-agreement and ability to predict clinical caseness.

Method

All three measures were administered contemporaneously to 1103 clients seeking psychological therapy at a community clinic in England. Data were anonymised and analysed following ethical guidelines. The data analysis plan was preregistered via the Open Science Framework.

Results

Correlations among the three measures ranged from r = 0.71 to 0.78, p < 0.001. The percent of clients meeting caseness criteria was highest for the CORE-10 (87.3%), followed by the GAD-7 (74.8%) and the PHQ-9 (71.0%). Agreement between pairs of measures ranged from fair to moderate (κ = 0.45 to 0.59), with the 3-way agreement also moderate (κ = 0.58). Structural Equation Modelling indicated these scales measured a common latent construct of psychological distress. The GAD-7 showed a modest ceiling effect, whereas the CORE-10 and PHQ-9 did not.

Conclusions

The high level of overlap among the three measures suggests they may not distinguish sharply among types of distress. Pending future repeated-measures research on the instruments' sensitivity to change, these findings suggest a single measure may suffice as a baseline measure of distress.

背景:三种广泛用于评估寻求心理治疗的客户的简短自我报告症状强度测量方法是:患者健康问卷-9 (PHQ-9),侧重于抑郁,广泛性焦虑障碍-7 (GAD-7),侧重于焦虑,以及常规评估临床结果-10 (CORE-10),侧重于一般痛苦。目的探讨PHQ-9、GAD-7、CORE-10三者之间的统计学关系、一致性水平及对临床病例的预测能力。方法对在英国某社区诊所接受心理治疗的1103名患者同时实施上述三种测量方法。数据是匿名的,并根据道德准则进行分析。数据分析计划通过开放科学框架预注册。结果三项指标的相关性r = 0.71 ~ 0.78, p < 0.001。符合病例标准的患者百分比在CORE-10中最高(87.3%),其次是GAD-7(74.8%)和PHQ-9(71.0%)。测量对之间的一致性从一般到中等(κ = 0.45至0.59),与3-way一致性也是中等(κ = 0.58)。结构方程模型表明,这些量表测量了一种常见的心理困扰的潜在构念。GAD-7表现出适度的天花板效应,而CORE-10和PHQ-9则没有。结论三种测量方法之间的高度重叠表明它们可能无法区分不同类型的痛苦。这些发现表明,在未来对仪器变化敏感性的重复测量研究中,单一测量可能足以作为痛苦的基线测量。
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引用次数: 0
Emotion-Focused Therapy's Empty-Chair Task for Complicated Grief: How to Make It Work 情感聚焦疗法对复杂悲伤的空椅子任务:如何使其发挥作用
IF 1.3 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/capr.70084
José Gamoneda, Rafael Jódar, Ladislav Timulak

Background

The Empty-Chair Task for Unfinished Business has been studied in relation to various issues, such as interpersonal conflicts or trauma. Despite having been proposed as a way to address grief, it has not been sufficiently studied in relation to clients' emotional processes which facilitate therapeutic changes in grief.

Purpose

In this regard, this qualitative study aimed to track clients' emotional processes related to therapeutic change in an intervention based on the Empty-Chair Task for complicated grief.

Method

The study analysed a sample of 12 participants with complicated grief, of whom seven showed clinically significant improvement in grief symptoms. Additionally, observer-based measures were utilised to triangulate qualitative observations.

Results

It was observed that, in cases with successful outcomes, clients were able to address and transform core emotional pain (e.g., chronic loneliness) by fully experiencing it and, subsequently, embracing adaptive experiences (e.g., connection with the deceased). In contrast, unsuccessful outcomes appeared to be associated with difficulties in engaging with core emotional pain and accessing adaptive emotional states, such as compassion.

Conclusions

This study underscores the transformative potential of the task for complicated grief, with implications for clinical practice and training.

未完成事业的空椅任务已经被研究与各种问题,如人际冲突或创伤。尽管已经提出了一种解决悲伤的方法,但它与促进悲伤治疗变化的客户情绪过程的关系还没有得到充分的研究。目的在此基础上,本定性研究旨在追踪复杂悲伤空椅任务干预中来访者与治疗改变相关的情绪过程。方法对12例复杂悲伤患者进行分析,其中7例临床表现出明显的悲伤症状改善。此外,基于观察者的测量被用于三角测量定性观察。结果观察到,在有成功结果的案例中,客户能够通过充分体验并随后接受适应性体验(例如,与死者的联系)来解决和转变核心情感痛苦(例如,慢性孤独)。相比之下,不成功的结果似乎与参与核心情感痛苦和进入适应性情绪状态(如同情)的困难有关。结论:本研究强调了复杂悲伤任务的转化潜力,对临床实践和培训具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
Climate Change-Related Thoughts and Cognitive Styles in Psychotherapy—A Qualitative Analysis of Therapists' Reports 心理治疗中的气候变化相关思想与认知风格——对治疗师报告的定性分析
IF 1.3 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/capr.70082
Katharina Trost, Madina Farani, Verena Ertl, Julia König, Rita Rosner, Hannah Comtesse

Background

Although several studies have examined climate change-related concerns affecting mental health, it remains unclear what specific cognitions are present in clinical samples. The present study examines (1) the thought content of patients with climate change-related concerns and (2) their cognitive styles, as reported by therapists.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of a nationwide survey of German therapists on climate change-related concerns in their patients. We qualitatively analysed reports from a subgroup of N = 214 therapists regarding patients' thought content and cognitive styles with structural content analysis.

Results

Therapists' reports revealed diverse themes of thought content as outlined in the literature, with the most prevalent categories reported by approximately half of therapists being the deadly threat posed by climate change (54.2%) and helplessness in face of collective inaction and individual inability (52.8%) as well as the paralysis and disengagement from life goals (48.1%) and the immediacy, celerity, and irreversibility of climate change (46.7%). The most commonly identified cognitive styles in the therapists' reports were rumination (50.0%), catastrophising (44.9%), and self- and other-blame (32.2%).

Conclusions

The findings indicate that recurring climate change-related cognitions in therapy correspond with established cognitive patterns and overarching themes such as loss and danger, commonly linked to depression and generalised anxiety. Preliminary associations with disorders like panic and adjustment disorder require further empirical validation. Clinically, assessing these cognitions may guide intervention adaptation and inform targeted psychotherapist training using relevant cognitive content.

虽然有几项研究调查了与气候变化有关的影响心理健康的问题,但尚不清楚临床样本中存在哪些特定的认知。本研究考察了(1)与气候变化相关的患者的思想内容和(2)治疗师报告的他们的认知风格。方法:本研究是对德国治疗师对其患者气候变化相关问题的全国性调查的二次分析。我们用结构内容分析定性分析了N = 214名治疗师关于患者思维内容和认知风格的亚组报告。结果治疗师的报告显示了文献中概述的多种思想内容主题,其中最普遍的类别是气候变化带来的致命威胁(54.2%),面对集体不作为和个人无能为力的无助(52.8%),麻痹和脱离生活目标(48.1%)以及气候变化的即时性,快速性和不可逆性(46.7%)。在治疗师的报告中,最常见的认知风格是反思(50.0%)、灾难化(44.9%)和自我和他人责备(32.2%)。研究结果表明,治疗中反复出现的与气候变化相关的认知与既定的认知模式和总体主题(如损失和危险)相一致,通常与抑郁和广泛性焦虑有关。与恐慌和适应障碍等障碍的初步联系需要进一步的实证验证。在临床上,评估这些认知可以指导干预适应,并利用相关的认知内容为有针对性的心理治疗师培训提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Bridging Barriers: Volunteer and User Perspectives on Delivery of a Multi-Channel Digital Mental Health Helpline for Young People 弥合障碍:为年轻人提供多渠道数字心理健康帮助热线的志愿者和用户观点
IF 1.3 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/capr.70080
Rishika Dhariwal, Marie Song, Nastasija Vukmanovic, Rachel Perowne, Leslie Morrison Gutman

Introduction

As demand for accessible youth mental health support grows, digital helplines delivered across multiple communication modes offer promising reach and flexibility.

Aim

This study explores the barriers and enablers to delivering a multi-channel mental health helpline for young people, incorporating both volunteer and service user perspectives.

Methods

Using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model, qualitative interviews were conducted with eight volunteers and five service users of a UK-based helpline. Thematic analysis identified key influences on delivery, which were mapped to relevant Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) for potential service optimisation.

Results

Eleven themes were identified across COM-B domains. Physical Opportunity barriers included inflexible protocols and access limitations, while Reflective and Automatic Motivation enabled delivery through positive emotions and digital familiarity. Each delivery mode brought particular strengths and limitations: phone fostered a deeper emotional connection but demanded high cognitive effort and posed confidentiality concerns; webchat was familiar and enabled fluid expression; email allowed time to reflect but was slower and more impersonal.

Conclusion

The findings underscore that empathy and human connection remain fundamental, even within digital spaces. For practitioners, training volunteers in mode-specific communication skills is essential to ensure these qualities are maintained. Rigid templates, which may hinder rapport, could be adapted to allow greater flexibility while safeguarding staff and service users. At a policy level, the study highlights the importance of multi-channel delivery to maximise accessibility and user choice in helpline provision.

随着对可获得的青少年心理健康支持需求的增长,通过多种通信模式提供的数字帮助热线提供了有希望的覆盖面和灵活性。本研究从志愿者和服务用户的角度,探讨了为年轻人提供多渠道心理健康帮助热线的障碍和促进因素。方法采用行为改变轮(BCW)和能力-机会-动机-行为(COM-B)模型,对英国某热线的8名志愿者和5名服务用户进行定性访谈。专题分析确定了对交付的关键影响,并将其映射到相关的行为改变技术(bct),以实现潜在的服务优化。结果COM-B域共鉴定出11个主题。物理机会障碍包括不灵活的协议和访问限制,而反思和自动动机通过积极的情绪和数字熟悉度实现了交付。每种传递模式都有各自的优势和局限性:手机培养了更深层次的情感联系,但需要很高的认知努力,并带来了保密问题;网络聊天熟悉,表达流畅;电子邮件可以让你有时间反思,但速度较慢,也更没有人情味。研究结果强调,即使在数字空间中,同理心和人际关系仍然是至关重要的。对于从业者来说,培训志愿者特定模式的沟通技巧对于确保这些品质的保持至关重要。僵化的模板可能妨碍融洽关系,可加以调整,以便在保障工作人员和服务使用者的同时具有更大的灵活性。在政策层面,该研究强调了多渠道提供的重要性,以最大限度地提高服务热线提供的可及性和用户选择。
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引用次数: 0
Facilitating Transitions in Time and Space Between Psychotherapy Sessions and Everyday Life: Therapists' Approach to Patients' Passages Into and Out of Therapy 促进心理治疗和日常生活之间的时间和空间转换:治疗师对患者进入和退出治疗的方法
IF 1.3 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/capr.70049
Kasper Below Blomkvist, Fabian Biström, David Forsström, Andrzej Werbart

Objectives

This study aimed to explore how therapists understand and approach patients' transitions between everyday life and therapy sessions.

Design

This was a qualitative study of therapists' experiences, making their implicit knowledge explicit and systematised.

Methods

Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapists and analysed with inductive thematic analysis.

Results

The therapists lacked a conceptual framework for patients' transitions but could use conversations about transitions as a tool for deepening the therapeutic work. Clear therapeutic frames made the transitions more visible. Facilitating transitions into a therapy session was easier than out of a session. The therapists described a wide variation in their understanding of patients' behaviours at the threshold of sessions, which was a rich source of information about the patients' problems and the therapeutic progress.

Conclusion

Therapists have to pay attention and adapt to each patient's transitional needs and the phase of the therapeutic process. The transitions seem to be linked to emotions related to the therapeutic setting and thus need to be addressed. Our study showed that therapists had implicit knowledge in this area. This knowledge needs to be made explicit and available in the treatment of patients, for psychotherapy training, supervision and continuing education. Furthermore, there is a need for theoretical and conceptual developments within this area. This study highlights a phenomenon in therapy that has not been explored at length in research, and thus adds a new perspective when it comes to face-to-face sessions.

目的本研究旨在探讨治疗师如何理解和处理患者在日常生活和治疗过程之间的过渡。这是一项对治疗师经验的定性研究,使他们的隐性知识显化和系统化。方法对12名心理动力/精神分析治疗师进行半结构化访谈,采用归纳主题分析法进行分析。结果治疗师对患者的过渡缺乏概念框架,但可以利用过渡对话作为深化治疗工作的工具。清晰的治疗框架使转变更加明显。促进过渡到治疗阶段比退出治疗阶段更容易。治疗师描述了他们对患者行为的理解在会话阈值上的广泛差异,这是关于患者问题和治疗进展的丰富信息来源。结论治疗师应关注和适应每个患者的过渡需求和治疗过程的阶段。这种转变似乎与治疗环境相关的情绪有关,因此需要加以解决。我们的研究表明治疗师在这方面有内隐知识。这些知识需要在治疗患者、心理治疗培训、监督和继续教育中明确和可用。此外,需要在这一领域内发展理论和概念。这项研究强调了治疗中尚未在研究中深入探讨的一种现象,从而为面对面治疗提供了新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Processes of Sharing and Relating of Women With Multiple Sclerosis Through a Group Psychological Intervention: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study 通过群体心理干预对多发性硬化症妇女的分享和联系过程:一项纵向定性研究
IF 1.3 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/capr.70059
Evangelia Fragkiadaki, Isabella E. Nizza, Rachel A. Starr, Jonathan A. Smith, Claire Rice, Nikki Cotterill

Purpose

Relationships are important for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Social support contributes to well-being, and psychological group interventions show positive findings on quality of life, coping, and self-efficacy. The current article aims to report sharing and relating processes in an online group integrative psychological intervention named MyMS-Ally that contributed to positive change in five women with MS who participated in the study.

Methods

This study followed the principles of Longitudinal Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (LIPA). Five women living with MS participated in an 8-week online integrative psychological intervention group. Qualitative data were collected at three different time points: before the start of the intervention, post-intervention, and at the 3-month follow-up. The findings presented here are part of a mixed-method feasibility and acceptability study for the MyMS-Ally intervention.

Results

The longitudinal group experiential theme ‘transitioning from concealing MS to embracing its relational effect’ was developed to capture the changes participants experienced in their relationships with people with and without MS following their engagement with the MyMS-Ally intervention. From the point of hiding their symptoms and needs, they became more open to communication in their relationships. The temporal changes of the five participants were grouped under the three time points.

Discussion

The findings demonstrate the pathways participants went through towards sharing and relating with their MS and the group processes they found most impactful. Processes were deemed more important than the psychological techniques employed during the intervention. Implications for the development of group psychological interventions for people living with MS and their evaluations are also discussed.

人际关系对多发性硬化症(MS)患者来说很重要。社会支持有助于幸福感,心理团体干预在生活质量、应对和自我效能方面显示出积极的结果。本文旨在报道一个名为MyMS-Ally的在线群体综合心理干预的分享和相关过程,该过程有助于五名参与研究的多发性硬化女性的积极变化。方法本研究遵循纵向解释现象学分析(LIPA)原则。五名患有多发性硬化症的女性参加了为期8周的在线综合心理干预组。在三个不同的时间点收集定性数据:干预开始前、干预后和3个月的随访。本文的研究结果是MyMS-Ally干预的混合方法可行性和可接受性研究的一部分。结果纵向小组体验主题“从隐瞒多发性硬化症到接受其关系效应的转变”被开发出来,以捕捉参与者在参与多发性硬化症联盟干预后与患有和没有多发性硬化症的人的关系中所经历的变化。从隐藏症状和需求的角度来看,他们在人际关系中变得更加开放。在三个时间点下对五名参与者的时间变化进行分组。研究结果展示了参与者与他们的MS分享和联系的途径,以及他们认为最有影响力的小组过程。过程被认为比干预过程中使用的心理技巧更重要。本文还讨论了对多发性硬化症患者进行群体心理干预及其评估的意义。
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引用次数: 0
“How We Are as Therapists Is Not Separate From How We Are”: Exploring Unrelenting Standards and Self-Sacrifice in Personal Therapy “我们作为治疗师是如何与我们是如何分离的”:探索个人治疗中的无情标准和自我牺牲
IF 1.3 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/capr.70078
Nidhi Jayant, Cristian Pinto-Hayes, Simone Renee Mohi, Elly Quinlan

Introduction

Psychologists work under high emotional demands, elevated performance expectations, and intense relational labour. These pressures can be exacerbated by two early maladaptive schemas (EMS) - unrelenting standards and self-sacrifice - which respectively foster unreasonable internal standards and a tendency to prioritise others' needs over one's own.

Aim

This qualitative study explored how personal therapy relates to Australian psychologists' experiences of these schemas.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 Australian psychologists who had previously engaged in personal therapy, with data analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes described a progression from awareness to reappraisal to practice change. First, making schemas visible captured how therapy helped participants name where patterns arise and notice their impacts on self-evaluation, boundaries, and energy. Second, reappraising the professional self involved loosening perfectionistic benchmarks, redistributing responsibility between clinician and client, and cultivating self-compassion. Third, translating insight into practice described schema-focused actions to counter pulls toward over-giving and relentless exceptionalism.

Conclusion

Findings suggest personal therapy may help psychologists recognise and respond to unrelenting standards and self-sacrifice, with implications for postgraduate training, supervision, and workforce sustainability.

心理学家在高情绪要求、高绩效期望和高强度的关系劳动下工作。两种早期的适应不良模式(EMS)——苛刻的标准和自我牺牲——会加剧这些压力,这两种模式分别助长了不合理的内部标准和优先考虑他人需求的倾向。目的本定性研究探讨个人治疗与澳大利亚心理学家的图式体验之间的关系。方法对20名曾从事个人治疗的澳大利亚心理学家进行半结构化访谈,采用自反性主题分析对数据进行分析。结果三个主题描述了从意识到重新评估再到实践改变的过程。首先,使图式可见捕捉到治疗如何帮助参与者说出模式出现的地方,并注意到它们对自我评估、边界和能量的影响。第二,重新评估专业自我包括放松完美主义基准,在临床医生和客户之间重新分配责任,培养自我同情。第三,将洞察力转化为实践描述了以模式为中心的行动,以对抗过度给予和无情的例外论。研究结果表明,个人治疗可以帮助心理学家认识和应对无情的标准和自我牺牲,对研究生培训、监督和劳动力可持续性有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Ethical Dilemmas of Arab Female School Counsellors: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis 阿拉伯女性学校辅导员的伦理困境:质性主题分析
IF 1.3 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/capr.70065
Camelia Ibrahim-Dwairy

Background

School counselling work that is based on Western individualistic cultural values and focuses on the individual's self-fulfilment sometimes clashes with the collectivistic, authoritarian, patriarchal and traditional values of Arab society. Consequently, Arab women face unique ethical dilemmas and challenges in their work as school counsellors, especially in cases that require reporting to the legal authorities.

Method

This paper presents qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews with 16 Arab female school counsellors.

Findings

Five main themes of dilemmas emerged from an analysis of the interviews: dilemmas at the personal level, pupil level, school staff and administration level, family and community level, and institutional level.

Conclusion

This research underlines the complex nature of the work of Arab school counsellors considering the gaps between Arab culture and the values of the counselling profession, and the gender-related disparities in power between female counsellors and male school principals. Therefore, a blind and culturally insensitive application of the core principles of counselling may be detrimental in some ways, just as acting blindly in accordance with the values of Arab society may be harmful in other ways, especially vis-à-vis individual rights.

学校咨询工作以西方个人主义文化价值观为基础,注重个人的自我实现,有时与阿拉伯社会的集体主义、威权主义、家长制和传统价值观发生冲突。因此,阿拉伯妇女在担任学校辅导员的工作中面临着独特的道德困境和挑战,特别是在需要向法律当局报告的情况下。方法采用半结构化访谈法对16名阿拉伯女性学校辅导员进行定性研究。从访谈分析中得出五个主要的困境主题:个人层面的困境、学生层面的困境、学校员工和行政层面的困境、家庭和社区层面的困境以及机构层面的困境。本研究强调了阿拉伯学校辅导员工作的复杂性,考虑到阿拉伯文化与咨询职业价值观之间的差距,以及女性辅导员和男性校长之间与性别有关的权力差异。因此,盲目地和对文化不敏感地应用咨询的核心原则在某些方面可能是有害的,正如盲目地按照阿拉伯社会的价值观行事在其他方面可能是有害的,特别是在-à-vis个人权利方面。
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引用次数: 0
Clinicians' Perspectives on the Model of Trust Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Qualitative Evaluation 临床医生对边缘型人格障碍信任过程模型的看法:一项定性评价
IF 1.3 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1002/capr.70076
Emanuele Preti, Erika Fanti, Rossella Di Pierro, Alessandra Frigerio

Background

Trust is a fundamental aspect of human relationships, crucial for navigating social interactions and forming meaningful connections. While the ability to accurately assess and update trust appraisals is essential for adaptive functioning, individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience significant challenges in trust processing that contribute to interpersonal dysfunction and treatment complications. Despite growing recognition of trust difficulties in BPD, a comprehensive understanding of these processes remains limited.

Methods

The present study aimed to evaluate and refine this model through a qualitative analysis of interviews with 25 Italian therapists specialising in personality disorders. Using thematic analysis, we explored clinicians' observations of trust dynamics in BPD patients, focusing on developmental factors, situational perceptions, emotional influences, prior beliefs, behaviours and trust learning capacity. Our findings largely aligned with and extended the theoretical model of trust impairments in BPD proposed by Preti et al. in 2023.

Results

Results revealed a complex interplay between long-term and immediate factors in shaping trust processes: developmental experiences, rigid perceptions, emotional volatility, distorted beliefs, maladaptive behaviours, and impairment in trust learning were central to the trust dysfunctions in BPD. Two significant additions to the model emerged: emotional consequences of trust misattribution and behavioural activation triggered by emotional arousal.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that trust difficulties in BPD involve both planned behavioural consequences and immediate emotion-driven reactions. The study provides important implications for clinical practice, emphasising the need for interventions that address both primary trust issues and secondary emotional-behavioural responses.

信任是人际关系的一个基本方面,对于引导社会互动和形成有意义的联系至关重要。虽然准确评估和更新信任评估的能力对适应功能至关重要,但边缘型人格障碍(BPD)患者在信任处理方面面临重大挑战,导致人际功能障碍和治疗并发症。尽管越来越多的人认识到BPD中的信任困难,但对这些过程的全面理解仍然有限。方法本研究旨在通过对25名专门从事人格障碍的意大利治疗师的访谈进行定性分析,以评估和完善该模型。通过主题分析,我们探讨了临床医生对BPD患者信任动态的观察,重点关注发展因素、情境感知、情绪影响、先前信念、行为和信任学习能力。我们的研究结果与Preti等人在2023年提出的BPD信任损伤理论模型基本一致并进行了扩展。结果表明,形成信任过程的长期和即时因素之间存在复杂的相互作用:发育经历、僵化的认知、情绪波动、扭曲的信念、适应不良行为和信任学习障碍是BPD信任功能障碍的核心。该模型的两个重要补充出现了:信任错误归因的情绪后果和情绪唤醒引发的行为激活。这些研究结果表明,BPD患者的信任困难涉及计划的行为后果和即时的情绪驱动反应。该研究为临床实践提供了重要的启示,强调了解决主要信任问题和次要情绪行为反应的干预措施的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Counselling & Psychotherapy Research
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