In the face of escalating global mental health challenges, innovative interventions that are both effective and scalable are paramount. This paper explores the synergistic potential of combining Online-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (OD-CBT) and structured exercise as a holistic strategy in preventive mental healthcare. Preliminary findings suggest that OD-CBT offers the benefits of cognitive restructuring and behavioral change in an accessible format, while exercise enhances mental well-being through mechanisms such as neuroplasticity and endorphin release. The integration of these two approaches on online platforms provides a promising avenue for broad-reaching mental health support, especially in traditionally underserved regions. Case studies highlight the practical application and marked benefits of the combined approach, while future directions emphasize the need for large-scale randomized controlled trials, diverse participant demographics, and in-depth qualitative research. Advocacy for policy changes, technological advancements, and broader public health initiatives can further bolster the impact of this confluence. Through a concerted effort, the intersection of OD-CBT and exercise may usher in a new era of holistic, evidence-based, and widely accessible preventive mental healthcare.
{"title":"Harnessing Online-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Exercise in Preventive Mental Healthcare","authors":"Matthew Thiese","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004389","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of escalating global mental health challenges, innovative interventions that are both effective and scalable are paramount. This paper explores the synergistic potential of combining Online-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (OD-CBT) and structured exercise as a holistic strategy in preventive mental healthcare. Preliminary findings suggest that OD-CBT offers the benefits of cognitive restructuring and behavioral change in an accessible format, while exercise enhances mental well-being through mechanisms such as neuroplasticity and endorphin release. The integration of these two approaches on online platforms provides a promising avenue for broad-reaching mental health support, especially in traditionally underserved regions. Case studies highlight the practical application and marked benefits of the combined approach, while future directions emphasize the need for large-scale randomized controlled trials, diverse participant demographics, and in-depth qualitative research. Advocacy for policy changes, technological advancements, and broader public health initiatives can further bolster the impact of this confluence. Through a concerted effort, the intersection of OD-CBT and exercise may usher in a new era of holistic, evidence-based, and widely accessible preventive mental healthcare.","PeriodicalId":470195,"journal":{"name":"AHFE international","volume":"54 19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135261503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquaculture by-products, such as oyster shells, clam shells, and fish scales, are considered business wastes and are frequently discarded and buried without treatment, causing environmental and ecological problems. To recycle fishery waste, this study proposed using recycled materials such as oyster shell powders, clam shell powders, and fish scale fragments as aggregate substitutes in cement mortar for making cement tiles. The application of cement materials is diverse, ranging from indoor and outdoor landscape decoration and building materials to artistic creations and home decoration products. This study is proposed to produce cement tiles with a richer window grilles surface texture. First, wastes from the aquaculture industry, such as oyster shells, clam shells, and fish scales, were washed, ground, and mixed with cement mortar in different proportions to produce cement tiles, which were then subjected to relevant tests to assess their physical properties such as water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, and warpage. The cement tiles that meet the CNS specification for indoor wall tiles were further integrated into the window grilles processing.
{"title":"Application of fishery waste on window grilles cement tile","authors":"Pei-ju Lin, Fan-chu Kuo","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004297","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture by-products, such as oyster shells, clam shells, and fish scales, are considered business wastes and are frequently discarded and buried without treatment, causing environmental and ecological problems. To recycle fishery waste, this study proposed using recycled materials such as oyster shell powders, clam shell powders, and fish scale fragments as aggregate substitutes in cement mortar for making cement tiles. The application of cement materials is diverse, ranging from indoor and outdoor landscape decoration and building materials to artistic creations and home decoration products. This study is proposed to produce cement tiles with a richer window grilles surface texture. First, wastes from the aquaculture industry, such as oyster shells, clam shells, and fish scales, were washed, ground, and mixed with cement mortar in different proportions to produce cement tiles, which were then subjected to relevant tests to assess their physical properties such as water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, and warpage. The cement tiles that meet the CNS specification for indoor wall tiles were further integrated into the window grilles processing.","PeriodicalId":470195,"journal":{"name":"AHFE international","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135261504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In disasters such as the Great East Japan Earthquake and water accidents, many residents do not take evacuation action even after warnings are given, or they are careless or negligent about the danger. Additionally, poor visibility is likely to lead to serious injuries and accidents such as falls and tumbles. In such a disaster or dangerous situation, warnings are a very effective way to warn people of danger but the final decision to evacuate or avoid is individual. Previous studies suggest a prevailing optimistic bias towards disasters among individuals, underscoring the importance of emotional factors, which often override scientific information, in promoting evacuation behavior. Traditional warnings typically leverage visual or auditory signals, which may not be effective under conditions of poor visibility. Vibrotactile warnings, on the other hand, do not rely on these senses and can effectively alert individuals to imminent danger. However, those remains unclear whether vibrotactile warnings can counteract the optimistic bias towards threats and foster emotional factors that stimulate evasion. In this study, we propose a shoe-based interface using vibrotactile sensation to promote instinctive danger avoidance and evacuation behavior in disasters and poor visibility. By harnessing the natural 'averse behavior' of living organisms, our interface incites instinctive danger avoidance via unpleasant vibrations and tactile sensations. We conducted an experiment to identify the location of a vibration motor and an experiment to identify the vibration pattern that causes unpleasant emotions. The results showed that a toe was appropriate for the former, and a vibration pattern with a constant vibration time and a decreasing stop time was appropriate for the latter. Then, to verify the effectiveness of the shoe-based interface produced based on the results as a warning, we conducted a comparison experiment with existing sound warnings. We evaluated subjects' avoidance success and emotional responses utilizing questionnaires and biological data. Two experiments were conducted: one without prior explanation and one with prior explanation. Results showed a slightly lower success rate in avoiding danger compared to the sound warning, but both warnings without prior explanations induced over 80％ of unpleasant and negative emotions. The percentages were 66.7% and 57.1% for the vibration and sound warnings, respectively, with prior explanation. In a post-experiment question, over 90％ of subjects expressed not wanting to proceed with either warning. Therefore, this interface is slightly inferior to existing sound warnings in terms of stopping walking, but it has similar functionality in inducing unpleasant emotions, not wanting to go on, and having difficulty becoming accustomed to the stimulus. Moreover, our interface has the potential to promote instinctive avoidance and evacuation behaviors by instilling a sense of crisis. While the effectiveness of this
{"title":"Shoe-Based Interface Promoting Instinctive Avoidance Behavior in Poor Visibility Conditions Utilizing Averse Behavior","authors":"Hikaru Mito, Daigo Misaki","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004235","url":null,"abstract":"In disasters such as the Great East Japan Earthquake and water accidents, many residents do not take evacuation action even after warnings are given, or they are careless or negligent about the danger. Additionally, poor visibility is likely to lead to serious injuries and accidents such as falls and tumbles. In such a disaster or dangerous situation, warnings are a very effective way to warn people of danger but the final decision to evacuate or avoid is individual. Previous studies suggest a prevailing optimistic bias towards disasters among individuals, underscoring the importance of emotional factors, which often override scientific information, in promoting evacuation behavior. Traditional warnings typically leverage visual or auditory signals, which may not be effective under conditions of poor visibility. Vibrotactile warnings, on the other hand, do not rely on these senses and can effectively alert individuals to imminent danger. However, those remains unclear whether vibrotactile warnings can counteract the optimistic bias towards threats and foster emotional factors that stimulate evasion. In this study, we propose a shoe-based interface using vibrotactile sensation to promote instinctive danger avoidance and evacuation behavior in disasters and poor visibility. By harnessing the natural 'averse behavior' of living organisms, our interface incites instinctive danger avoidance via unpleasant vibrations and tactile sensations. We conducted an experiment to identify the location of a vibration motor and an experiment to identify the vibration pattern that causes unpleasant emotions. The results showed that a toe was appropriate for the former, and a vibration pattern with a constant vibration time and a decreasing stop time was appropriate for the latter. Then, to verify the effectiveness of the shoe-based interface produced based on the results as a warning, we conducted a comparison experiment with existing sound warnings. We evaluated subjects' avoidance success and emotional responses utilizing questionnaires and biological data. Two experiments were conducted: one without prior explanation and one with prior explanation. Results showed a slightly lower success rate in avoiding danger compared to the sound warning, but both warnings without prior explanations induced over 80％ of unpleasant and negative emotions. The percentages were 66.7% and 57.1% for the vibration and sound warnings, respectively, with prior explanation. In a post-experiment question, over 90％ of subjects expressed not wanting to proceed with either warning. Therefore, this interface is slightly inferior to existing sound warnings in terms of stopping walking, but it has similar functionality in inducing unpleasant emotions, not wanting to go on, and having difficulty becoming accustomed to the stimulus. Moreover, our interface has the potential to promote instinctive avoidance and evacuation behaviors by instilling a sense of crisis. While the effectiveness of this ","PeriodicalId":470195,"journal":{"name":"AHFE international","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135261507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study attempted to clarify the influence of design elements, such as the size, spacing, position, and color of letters in a product name and transparent packages in vegetables, on consumer kansei, as a foundational study for developing a support system for package design evaluation. We focused on tomatoes, which are widely consumed in the market, as the target product and created packages in which the above design elements were quantitatively changed according to the visual characteristics. The images captured at the time were adopted as the presentation stimulus group and were evaluated in terms of five kansei evaluative metrics: willingness to purchase, preference, impression, luxury, and cuteness. The relationship between the evaluation results and the design elements was analyzed. The results revealed that changes in the size of the characters in the product name affected consumer kansei. The characters’ position and color affected consumer kansei positively and negatively, depending on the conditions. Therefore, certain design elements of Tomato’s transparent packaging, namely the product name in large characters, easily distinguishable colors, and placement of the name in easily visible locations, enhance the willingness to buy in consumer kansei.
{"title":"Influence of Letter Design Elements in Transparent Package for Tomatoes on Consumer Kansei","authors":"Hiro Hiyama, Tomoharu Ishikawa, Kakeru Shono, Miyoshi Ayama","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004233","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempted to clarify the influence of design elements, such as the size, spacing, position, and color of letters in a product name and transparent packages in vegetables, on consumer kansei, as a foundational study for developing a support system for package design evaluation. We focused on tomatoes, which are widely consumed in the market, as the target product and created packages in which the above design elements were quantitatively changed according to the visual characteristics. The images captured at the time were adopted as the presentation stimulus group and were evaluated in terms of five kansei evaluative metrics: willingness to purchase, preference, impression, luxury, and cuteness. The relationship between the evaluation results and the design elements was analyzed. The results revealed that changes in the size of the characters in the product name affected consumer kansei. The characters’ position and color affected consumer kansei positively and negatively, depending on the conditions. Therefore, certain design elements of Tomato’s transparent packaging, namely the product name in large characters, easily distinguishable colors, and placement of the name in easily visible locations, enhance the willingness to buy in consumer kansei.","PeriodicalId":470195,"journal":{"name":"AHFE international","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The literature reports many evidences about the influence of personality on design activities. At the same time, Natural Language Processing - NLP - tools are gaining importance day by day in product innovation. This research investigates possible relationships among personality traits, ChatGPT usage and the generation of innovative design ideas. A Microsoft Excel workbook implementing the first release of a data analysis framework has been developed and is available for downloading. The reader can use it to carry on personal evaluations; in the near future, an updated release of the framework will allow sending the results to a cloud repository to build a large database and perform more robust statistical analyses. This will allow the relationships highlighted up to now gaining objectivity and discovering new ones.
{"title":"Relationships among Personality Traits, ChatGPT Usage and Concept Generation in Innovation Design","authors":"Stefano Filippi","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004179","url":null,"abstract":"The literature reports many evidences about the influence of personality on design activities. At the same time, Natural Language Processing - NLP - tools are gaining importance day by day in product innovation. This research investigates possible relationships among personality traits, ChatGPT usage and the generation of innovative design ideas. A Microsoft Excel workbook implementing the first release of a data analysis framework has been developed and is available for downloading. The reader can use it to carry on personal evaluations; in the near future, an updated release of the framework will allow sending the results to a cloud repository to build a large database and perform more robust statistical analyses. This will allow the relationships highlighted up to now gaining objectivity and discovering new ones.","PeriodicalId":470195,"journal":{"name":"AHFE international","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a corporate CEO for many years, one of the authors has tried a variety of personnel management measures. Among them, our research group has particularly focused on bonus evaluation. Bonus assessment is based on “performance evaluation” and “emotional evaluation.” However, while the former enables objective judgment based on sales and working hours, the latter is based on interviews with supervisors, making it difficult to eliminate subjectivity. Therefore, we proposed a method that provides objectivity by swapping acknowledgments/gratitude among employees using a messages exchange system for employees. From November 2019 to November 2021, the system was operated in-house over four periods of six months each, and the applicability to bonus assessment was confirmed. In the next step, we are planning to expand this system not only to other companies but also to more broad external organizations. This paper describes the overview of this system, the evaluation results, and the future plans.
{"title":"Applicability of the Thank You Exchange System to Employee Evaluation and How to Apply it to External Organizations","authors":"Kiyoshi Kurakawa, Megumi Aibara, Kazumi Sekiguchi, Takako Sinzi, Aiko Takazawa, Masakazu Furuichi","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004322","url":null,"abstract":"As a corporate CEO for many years, one of the authors has tried a variety of personnel management measures. Among them, our research group has particularly focused on bonus evaluation. Bonus assessment is based on “performance evaluation” and “emotional evaluation.” However, while the former enables objective judgment based on sales and working hours, the latter is based on interviews with supervisors, making it difficult to eliminate subjectivity. Therefore, we proposed a method that provides objectivity by swapping acknowledgments/gratitude among employees using a messages exchange system for employees. From November 2019 to November 2021, the system was operated in-house over four periods of six months each, and the applicability to bonus assessment was confirmed. In the next step, we are planning to expand this system not only to other companies but also to more broad external organizations. This paper describes the overview of this system, the evaluation results, and the future plans.","PeriodicalId":470195,"journal":{"name":"AHFE international","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xujinfeng Wang, Yicheng Yang, Da Tao, Tingru Zhang
Human-AI collaborative decision-making has become a prevalent interaction paradigm, but the lack of transparency in AI algorithms presents challenges for humans to understand the decision-making process. Such lack of comprehension can lead to issues of over-reliance or under-reliance on AI recommendations. In this study, we focused on a human-AI collaborative income predicting task and investigated the influence of AI transparency and reliability on task performance. The results revealed that when AI reliability was high (75% and 90%), transparency had no significant effects on human decision-making. However, at a lower level of reliability (60%), higher transparency levels led to increased compliance with AI suggestions, thereby demonstrating a persuasive effect. Further analysis indicated that compliance rates only improved when AI made correct decisions, rather than when AI made incorrect ones. However, transparency did not significantly impact humans' ability to correctly reject erroneous recommendations from AI, suggesting that increasing transparency alone did not enhance humans’ error detecting ability. In conclusion, when the reliability of AI is low, heightening transparency can promote appropriate dependence on AI without elevating the risk of over-reliance. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to explore effective strategies that can assist humans in identifying AI errors effectively.
{"title":"The Impact of AI Transparency and Reliability on Human-AI Collaborative Decision-Making","authors":"Xujinfeng Wang, Yicheng Yang, Da Tao, Tingru Zhang","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004203","url":null,"abstract":"Human-AI collaborative decision-making has become a prevalent interaction paradigm, but the lack of transparency in AI algorithms presents challenges for humans to understand the decision-making process. Such lack of comprehension can lead to issues of over-reliance or under-reliance on AI recommendations. In this study, we focused on a human-AI collaborative income predicting task and investigated the influence of AI transparency and reliability on task performance. The results revealed that when AI reliability was high (75% and 90%), transparency had no significant effects on human decision-making. However, at a lower level of reliability (60%), higher transparency levels led to increased compliance with AI suggestions, thereby demonstrating a persuasive effect. Further analysis indicated that compliance rates only improved when AI made correct decisions, rather than when AI made incorrect ones. However, transparency did not significantly impact humans' ability to correctly reject erroneous recommendations from AI, suggesting that increasing transparency alone did not enhance humans’ error detecting ability. In conclusion, when the reliability of AI is low, heightening transparency can promote appropriate dependence on AI without elevating the risk of over-reliance. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to explore effective strategies that can assist humans in identifying AI errors effectively.","PeriodicalId":470195,"journal":{"name":"AHFE international","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, shared houses in Korea are attracting attention among single-person households and young people. However, it is often built at low design costs, so user satisfaction is low. In residential spaces, user satisfaction is very important as it directly relates to residents’ quality of life. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to identify satisfaction of shared house residents, in regard to their own personal space. An online survey was conducted on 316 single-person households, people in their 20s and 30s. The spatial elements of a shared house are composed of four elements: space composition, color and finishing materials, furniture arrangement, and indoor environment. These elements are further subdivided into sub-elements. Space composition includes the bedroom location and size, the convenience of access to the bedroom, and storage space, among others. Color and finishing materials include the colors and finishing materials of the closet, cabinet, walls and floors. Furniture arrangement includes bed and closet size, cabinet size, bed and closet type, and number of cabinets. Indoor environment includes lighting color and control, soundproofing condition, window size and location, ventilation and solar radiation. According to the user satisfaction evaluation, furniture arrangement was deemed to be most important among residents, followed by color and finishing materials, indoor environment, and space composition. According to user satisfaction with sub-elements, the convenience of access to the bedroom, the color of the closet, the size of the cabinet, and the soundproofing condition was low. To enhance housing satisfaction among single-person households and young individuals, it is necessary to improve the convenience of access to the bedroom, selecting an attractive closet color, checking the appropriate cabinet size, and soundproofing condition in the indoor environment. The elements of shared houses should be well planned to increase the satisfaction of both single-person households and young people.
{"title":"Single-Person Household Satisfaction of Personal Spaces in Shared Houses","authors":"Danqiong Liu, Yujin Kim, Yeonsook Hwang","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004244","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, shared houses in Korea are attracting attention among single-person households and young people. However, it is often built at low design costs, so user satisfaction is low. In residential spaces, user satisfaction is very important as it directly relates to residents’ quality of life. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to identify satisfaction of shared house residents, in regard to their own personal space. An online survey was conducted on 316 single-person households, people in their 20s and 30s. The spatial elements of a shared house are composed of four elements: space composition, color and finishing materials, furniture arrangement, and indoor environment. These elements are further subdivided into sub-elements. Space composition includes the bedroom location and size, the convenience of access to the bedroom, and storage space, among others. Color and finishing materials include the colors and finishing materials of the closet, cabinet, walls and floors. Furniture arrangement includes bed and closet size, cabinet size, bed and closet type, and number of cabinets. Indoor environment includes lighting color and control, soundproofing condition, window size and location, ventilation and solar radiation. According to the user satisfaction evaluation, furniture arrangement was deemed to be most important among residents, followed by color and finishing materials, indoor environment, and space composition. According to user satisfaction with sub-elements, the convenience of access to the bedroom, the color of the closet, the size of the cabinet, and the soundproofing condition was low. To enhance housing satisfaction among single-person households and young individuals, it is necessary to improve the convenience of access to the bedroom, selecting an attractive closet color, checking the appropriate cabinet size, and soundproofing condition in the indoor environment. The elements of shared houses should be well planned to increase the satisfaction of both single-person households and young people.","PeriodicalId":470195,"journal":{"name":"AHFE international","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandro Luigi Di Stasi, Francesco Angioi, Marcelo Fernandes, Giulia De Cet, M Jesus Caurcel, Kristina Stojmenova, Jaka Sodnik, Christophe Prat, Carolina Díaz Piedra
Most driver monitoring systems (DMS) rely on cameras facing the driver while detecting their gaze or head position. Both future automated driving (AD) in-vehicle interactions and AD vehicle interior designs (e.g., seating arrangement) might drastically reduce the effectiveness of such camera-based DMS solutions, however. Thus, alternative solutions that do not rely on cameras, and therefore compatible with upcoming AD journey experiences, are worth being investigated. Here, we studied the behavior of several cardiac-based indices. We aimed to determine the effects of engaging in non-driving-related tasks (NDRT) in a semi-dynamic driving simulator on heart rate and heart rate variability parameters (here, we report the standard deviation of R-R intervals [SDRR]). We developed a 2 (AD vs. manual driving [MD] modalities) by 2 (one-hand vs. two-hand concurrent Task modality) within-participants experimental design. Thirty-two expert drivers drove along two highway scenarios (∼ 22 minutes each) in daylight conditions. Each scenario included four distraction periods. In each distraction period, participants performed a concurrent task in addition to their main task (i.e., driving the simulator during MD, supervising the system during AD). We monitored participants’ cardiac activity and collected performance levels on the NDRT, driving performance, as well as subjective ratings of task load. Cardiac-based indices clearly differentiated Task modality, with the two-hand task inducing higher heart rate and SDRR. Driving modality (MD vs. AD) only influenced heart rate, which increased during MD. Driving performance and subjective ratings, as well as performance on the NDRT, were able to reflect the experimental manipulation, with the two-hand concurrent task (in MD) being the most disruptive and demanding condition. Overall, these findings have the potential to improve future DMS design and road safety by providing accurate measurements of driver engagement. They can be key to assess future driver-vehicle interactions using for example, non-contact, more realistic, heart-rate radar-based sensor solutions.
大多数驾驶员监控系统(DMS)依靠面向驾驶员的摄像头来检测他们的目光或头部位置。然而，未来的自动驾驶(AD)车内交互和AD车辆内部设计(例如，座位安排)可能会大大降低这种基于摄像头的DMS解决方案的有效性。因此，不依赖摄像头、与即将到来的AD旅行体验兼容的替代解决方案值得研究。在这里，我们研究了几个基于心脏的指标的行为。我们的目的是确定在半动态驾驶模拟器中参与非驾驶相关任务(NDRT)对心率和心率变异性参数的影响(在这里，我们报告了R-R区间的标准差[SDRR])。我们开发了一个2(单手与双手并发任务模式)的参与者实验设计2 (AD vs手动驾驶[MD]模式)。在白天，32名专家驾驶了2个高速公路场景(每个场景约22分钟)。每个场景包括四个分散注意力的阶段。在每个分心阶段，参与者在他们的主要任务之外执行一个并发任务(即，在MD期间驾驶模拟器，在AD期间监督系统)。我们监测了参与者的心脏活动，并收集了NDRT的表现水平、驾驶表现以及对任务负荷的主观评分。基于心脏的指标明显区分任务方式，双手任务诱导更高的心率和SDRR。驾驶方式(MD vs. AD)仅影响心率，在MD期间心率增加。驾驶表现和主观评分，以及NDRT的表现，能够反映实验操作，双手并发任务(在MD中)是最具破坏性和要求的条件。总的来说，这些发现有可能通过提供驾驶员参与的精确测量来改善未来DMS的设计和道路安全。它们可能是评估未来驾驶员与车辆交互的关键，例如使用非接触式、更现实的、基于心率雷达的传感器解决方案。
{"title":"The use of cardiac-based metrics to assess secondary task engagement during automated and manual driving: An experimental simulation study","authors":"Leandro Luigi Di Stasi, Francesco Angioi, Marcelo Fernandes, Giulia De Cet, M Jesus Caurcel, Kristina Stojmenova, Jaka Sodnik, Christophe Prat, Carolina Díaz Piedra","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004334","url":null,"abstract":"Most driver monitoring systems (DMS) rely on cameras facing the driver while detecting their gaze or head position. Both future automated driving (AD) in-vehicle interactions and AD vehicle interior designs (e.g., seating arrangement) might drastically reduce the effectiveness of such camera-based DMS solutions, however. Thus, alternative solutions that do not rely on cameras, and therefore compatible with upcoming AD journey experiences, are worth being investigated. Here, we studied the behavior of several cardiac-based indices. We aimed to determine the effects of engaging in non-driving-related tasks (NDRT) in a semi-dynamic driving simulator on heart rate and heart rate variability parameters (here, we report the standard deviation of R-R intervals [SDRR]). We developed a 2 (AD vs. manual driving [MD] modalities) by 2 (one-hand vs. two-hand concurrent Task modality) within-participants experimental design. Thirty-two expert drivers drove along two highway scenarios (∼ 22 minutes each) in daylight conditions. Each scenario included four distraction periods. In each distraction period, participants performed a concurrent task in addition to their main task (i.e., driving the simulator during MD, supervising the system during AD). We monitored participants’ cardiac activity and collected performance levels on the NDRT, driving performance, as well as subjective ratings of task load. Cardiac-based indices clearly differentiated Task modality, with the two-hand task inducing higher heart rate and SDRR. Driving modality (MD vs. AD) only influenced heart rate, which increased during MD. Driving performance and subjective ratings, as well as performance on the NDRT, were able to reflect the experimental manipulation, with the two-hand concurrent task (in MD) being the most disruptive and demanding condition. Overall, these findings have the potential to improve future DMS design and road safety by providing accurate measurements of driver engagement. They can be key to assess future driver-vehicle interactions using for example, non-contact, more realistic, heart-rate radar-based sensor solutions.","PeriodicalId":470195,"journal":{"name":"AHFE international","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135310826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human centered design (HCD) is a traditional human Factors and Ergonomics concept. About the end of last century (1999), HCD is firstly standardized as process. It is rare case that the HCD which is not academic system is continued to discuss. The reason is considered not to solve the issues by using HCD. The purpose of this study is to investigate degree of recognition and application for promoting installation of HCD process to interactive system development area for usability and to clarify the issues and propose ways to solve this HCD problem. The questionnaire results by about 600 developers shows that known ratio about HCD is about 58% and applied ratio for in known ratio is about 42% (152 developers). However, overall, only 23% are covered. If HCD is recognized, nearly half of it will be applied, so it is important to raise overall recognition. The ratio of upper phase, development phase and evaluation phase that requirement definition related usability are similar. However, the ratio of deciding usability requirement in upper phase is only 13%. The ratio of evaluating usability requirement before specification is only 10%. Though the ration of recognition for HCD is not so low, many developing areas cannot decide usability requirement before requirement definitions. It is guessed that almost developers do not know how to decide usability requirements.To confirm this question, the other study was carried out. The ratio of recognition for Common Industry Format for usability (CIF) is about 39%. The number of developers to apply CIF to development is about 90. It is only 14%. The CIF is the format for applying HCD process to development process which is standardized in ISO. This standard series is belonged in Standard series for software quality called SQuaRE (System and software Quality Requirement and Evaluation). As the range of recognition for SQuaRE series is about 43%, it is necessary to spread CIF to software development areas.To verify the effectiveness of CIF, CIF is applied to self-driving bus system. Firstly, a high-level description of the context of use shown in the context of use description (ISO/IEC 25063) was made for a usual bus and self-driving bus system, respectively. After that, use needs and user requirements were extracted based on high level description. This process shows that it is easy to extract user requirements before requirements decision phase by using the CIF. However, it is found that management level does not understand the importance for the role of upper phase activities by this time investigation. For this reason, it seems that the ratio of recognition of HCD. It is necessary for improving usability to spread HCD, CIF and SQuaRE much more.
{"title":"Investigating the issues encountered for improving usability","authors":"Shinichi Fukuzumi","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1004273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004273","url":null,"abstract":"Human centered design (HCD) is a traditional human Factors and Ergonomics concept. About the end of last century (1999), HCD is firstly standardized as process. It is rare case that the HCD which is not academic system is continued to discuss. The reason is considered not to solve the issues by using HCD. The purpose of this study is to investigate degree of recognition and application for promoting installation of HCD process to interactive system development area for usability and to clarify the issues and propose ways to solve this HCD problem. The questionnaire results by about 600 developers shows that known ratio about HCD is about 58% and applied ratio for in known ratio is about 42% (152 developers). However, overall, only 23% are covered. If HCD is recognized, nearly half of it will be applied, so it is important to raise overall recognition. The ratio of upper phase, development phase and evaluation phase that requirement definition related usability are similar. However, the ratio of deciding usability requirement in upper phase is only 13%. The ratio of evaluating usability requirement before specification is only 10%. Though the ration of recognition for HCD is not so low, many developing areas cannot decide usability requirement before requirement definitions. It is guessed that almost developers do not know how to decide usability requirements.To confirm this question, the other study was carried out. The ratio of recognition for Common Industry Format for usability (CIF) is about 39%. The number of developers to apply CIF to development is about 90. It is only 14%. The CIF is the format for applying HCD process to development process which is standardized in ISO. This standard series is belonged in Standard series for software quality called SQuaRE (System and software Quality Requirement and Evaluation). As the range of recognition for SQuaRE series is about 43%, it is necessary to spread CIF to software development areas.To verify the effectiveness of CIF, CIF is applied to self-driving bus system. Firstly, a high-level description of the context of use shown in the context of use description (ISO/IEC 25063) was made for a usual bus and self-driving bus system, respectively. After that, use needs and user requirements were extracted based on high level description. This process shows that it is easy to extract user requirements before requirements decision phase by using the CIF. However, it is found that management level does not understand the importance for the role of upper phase activities by this time investigation. For this reason, it seems that the ratio of recognition of HCD. It is necessary for improving usability to spread HCD, CIF and SQuaRE much more.","PeriodicalId":470195,"journal":{"name":"AHFE international","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135312926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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