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Conducting racial awareness research with African American children: Unearthing their sociopolitical knowledge through Pro-Black literacy methods 对非裔美国儿童进行种族意识研究:通过支持黑人的识字方法挖掘他们的社会政治知识
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221123000
Wintre Foxworth Johnson
Black children around the globe develop and learn in persistently racist environments. Decades of early racial awareness research primarily center on the development of young children’s self-esteem, racial biases, or friendships. Researchers have yet to learn all that can be understood about young children’s perspectives on structural racial inequities. There is a dearth of research that examines young African American children’s emergent sociopolitical consciousness. As such, this article explores the following inquiry: What research conditions make it possible to elicit young African American children’s racialized sociopolitical awareness and knowledge? Over the course of one school year, I studied five African American first graders’ literacies, racial awareness, and sociopolitical knowledge who were enrolled in an independent neighborhood elementary school. Through a synthesis of my methodology, I detail three foundational orientations: (a) privileging intraracial spaces as contexts for narrating and grappling with racialized, sociopolitical realities, (b) utilizing children’s literature by and about Black people with critically conscious narratives, and (c) operating from the belief that young children are competent to speak about the racialized conditions in which they live. This research demonstrates the possibilities of Pro-Black research at the intersection of racial awareness and sociocultural literacy studies. To combat anti-Blackness in education research and in schools, we need to hear the voices of African American children and carve out spaces that center Blackness for them to express racial sociopolitical truths. Conducting early racial awareness research about and with young African American children requires that we believe they possess the developmental capacity to name and resist inequity and imagine the possibilities of racial justice.
世界各地的黑人儿童在持续的种族主义环境中发展和学习。几十年来早期的种族意识研究主要集中在幼儿自尊、种族偏见或友谊的发展上。研究人员尚未了解幼儿对结构性种族不平等的看法。目前缺乏对非洲裔美国儿童新兴社会政治意识的研究。因此,本文探讨了以下问题:什么样的研究条件可以激发年轻的非裔美国儿童的种族化社会政治意识和知识?在一个学年的时间里,我研究了五名非裔美国一年级学生的文学、种族意识和社会政治知识,他们就读于一所独立的社区小学。通过综合我的方法,我详细介绍了三个基本方向:(a)将种族内空间作为叙事和应对种族化社会政治现实的背景,(b)利用黑人的儿童文学和关于黑人的儿童文献进行批判性叙事,以及(c)相信幼儿有能力谈论他们生活的种族化条件。这项研究展示了在种族意识和社会文化素养研究的交叉点上进行亲黑人研究的可能性。为了在教育研究和学校中打击反黑人,我们需要倾听非裔美国儿童的声音,并为他们开辟以黑人为中心的空间,让他们表达种族社会政治真理。对年轻的非裔美国儿童进行早期的种族意识研究需要我们相信他们具有命名和抵制不平等的发展能力,并想象种族正义的可能性。
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引用次数: 2
Professional Book Recommendation 专业书籍推荐
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221124281
E. Leach
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引用次数: 0
Professional Book Recommendation 专业书籍推荐
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221124283
Jackie Matise Pen
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引用次数: 0
Revolutionary love: A framework for teaching in pursuit of a multiracial democracy 革命之爱:追求多种族民主的教学框架
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221124282
Venus Evans-Winters
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引用次数: 0
Prison abolition literacies as Pro-Black pedagogy in early childhood education 废除监狱的文学作为幼儿教育中的亲黑人教育学
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221122990
Nathaniel Bryan, Rachel McMillian, Keith LaMar
The prison abolition movement has brought attention to the American carceral crisis, or better yet, the mass incarceration and disproportionate criminalization of Black people in America. It has also led to and fomented recent calls to defund prison systems, the police, and to remove police from schools. While discussions of prison abolition have been addressed in the carceral studies literature, they are seldom addressed in the education literature and particularly in early childhood education. Given the ways in which young Black children are and have been negatively impacted by issues of mass incarceration (e.g. absence of family members, school-prison nexus), the lack of attention to the American carceral crisis and teaching about prison abolition is beyond concerning and contributes to the stanchless anti-Black violence Black children face in early childhood classrooms. Drawing on Pro-Blackness, the imprisoned Black radical tradition, and abolitionist teaching, we introduce what we term prison abolition literacies– literacies practices that bring awareness to the injustices of the carceral state and encourage young children to become prison abolitionists––so that teachers can infuse prison abolition into the early childhood education curriculum.
废除监狱运动引起了人们对美国尸体危机的关注,或者更好的是,美国对黑人的大规模监禁和不成比例的刑事定罪。它还导致并煽动了最近的呼吁,要求取消监狱系统、警察的资金,并将警察从学校中除名。虽然废除监狱的讨论在尸体研究文献中有提及,但在教育文献中很少提及,尤其是在幼儿教育中。考虑到年轻的黑人儿童现在和已经受到大规模监禁问题的负面影响(例如,没有家庭成员,学校与监狱的关系),对美国尸体危机和废除监狱的教学缺乏关注是令人担忧的,并助长了黑人儿童在幼儿课堂上面临的无立场的反黑人暴力。借鉴亲黑人、被监禁的黑人激进传统和废奴主义教学,我们引入了我们所称的监狱废除文学——让人们意识到死刑国家的不公正,并鼓励幼儿成为监狱废奴主义者的文学实践——这样教师就可以将废除监狱纳入幼儿教育课程。
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引用次数: 2
Prioritizing Pro-Blackness in literacy research, scholarship, and teaching 在扫盲研究、学术和教学中优先考虑亲黑人
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221121157
G. Boutte, Catherine Compton-Lilly
Against the backdrop of endemic anti-Black racism in Early Childhood literacy, we frame these special issues using Pro-Blackness as an antidote in early childhood classrooms. Pro-Black does note connote anti-White or anti any other ethnic group and declares an unapologetic, positive perspective regarding Blackness and Black people which is not evident in most educational settings. Pro-Blackness focuses on the agency, resistance, everyday lives, and joy of Black people. We unpack anti-Blackness in Early Childhood literacy contexts and offer Pro-Black strategies. We note the pervasive omission of Black theorists and scholarship in teacher education and P-3 classrooms and call for a prioritization of Pro-Black theories, research, policies, literacy practices and assessments.
在儿童早期读写能力中普遍存在反黑人种族主义的背景下,我们将亲黑人作为儿童早期课堂的解毒剂来构建这些特殊问题。亲黑人并不意味着反白人或反任何其他种族群体,并宣称对黑人和黑人的一种毫无歉意的、积极的观点,这在大多数教育环境中并不明显。亲黑关注的是黑人的能动性、反抗、日常生活和快乐。我们在儿童早期读写环境中揭示反黑人,并提供亲黑人策略。我们注意到黑人理论家和学者在教师教育和P-3课堂上的普遍缺失,并呼吁优先考虑亲黑人的理论、研究、政策、扫盲实践和评估。
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引用次数: 5
Professional Book Recommendations in Support of Pro-Black Pedagogy and Research 支持黑人教育和研究的专业书籍推荐
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221124284
Saudah N. T. Collins, Janice Baines
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引用次数: 0
Centering Black women’s ways of knowing: A review of critical literacies research in early childhood 以黑人女性的认知方式为中心:儿童早期批判性文学研究综述
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221121156
Francheska D. Starks
In the most recent edition of the Handbook of Reading Research, Ebony Elizabeth Thomas and colleagues (2020) identify the need to recontextualize critical literacy pedagogy and research in ways that center Black and Indigenous communities. Although critical literacy has a rich tradition in emancipatory work (e.g. Freire, 1996), Thomas et al. argue for the need to begin elsewhere, with the knowledge and traditions of Black and Indigenous communities, to produce literacy research and pedagogy that is more responsive to current social issues and iterations of racism. In this article, I combine their insights with those of early literacy researchers, such as Candace R. Kuby and Tara Gutshall Rucker, (e.g. Kuby, 2013; Kuby and Rucker, 2020) to suggest that the shifting of theoretical framings may be a useful way of broadening the context of critical literacies research and scholarship. Kuby and Rucker’s (2020) examination explores offerings from postructural and posthumanist theories for expanding conceptions of literacy in efforts to challenge our ideas of literacies, inequalities, and justice in early literacy research. Similarly, I analyze the affordances of Pro-Black and marginalized theories in critical literacies research, such as Black Feminist Thought (Collins, 2002), for understanding and expanding how we attend to positionality in early literacy educational research. Grounded in Black Feminist theories (Collins, 2002) and methodologies (Evans-Winters, 2019) as well my own positionality as a Black woman, this article takes up one specific concern from the call for this special issue, that is to address the lack of Pro-Black research in early literacy education. In so doing, I aim to broaden the ways that a historically praxis-oriented body of research in early childhood and elementary education, critical literacies research, is theorized and enacted by integrating more thoroughly Black women’s ways of knowing. I explore how to leverage our individual and combined perspectives, which are grounded in our rich history of resistance and thriving in the face of adversity, to produce knowledge and literacy practices useful for justice-oriented education. Through an analysis of academic literature related to critical literacies research and Black women educators in early childhood and elementary education, I address the question: How are Black women’s ways of knowing integrated in early childhood and elementary critical literacies research with participants who are Black women educators? I offer a sense of the extent to which Black women educators’ ways of knowing are associated with the term critical literacy and also identify fruitful strategies that critical literacies researchers can use to integrate Black women’s ways of knowing into the knowledge base and practices of critical literacies in early literacy research. Some strategies include integrating Black women educators' emotions and spiritual knowledge into the research and co-researching w
在最新一期的《阅读研究手册》中,Ebony Elizabeth Thomas及其同事(2020)指出,有必要以黑人和土著社区为中心,重新文本化批判性识字教育学和研究。尽管批判性识字在解放工作中有着丰富的传统(例如Freire,1996),Thomas等人认为,有必要从其他地方开始,利用黑人和土著社区的知识和传统,进行更能应对当前社会问题和种族主义反复的识字研究和教学法。在这篇文章中,我将他们的见解与早期识字研究人员的见解相结合,如Candace R.Kuby和Tara Gutshall Rucker(例如Kuby,2013;Kuby和Rucker,2020),以表明理论框架的转变可能是拓宽批判性文学研究和学术背景的一种有用方式。Kuby和Rucker(2020)的研究探索了后结构主义和后人文主义理论的提供,以扩展识字概念,努力挑战我们在早期识字研究中对识字、不平等和正义的看法。同样,我分析了批判文学研究中亲黑人和边缘化理论的可供性,如黑人女权主义思想(Collins,2002),以理解和扩展我们如何关注早期识字教育研究中的立场。本文以黑人女权主义理论(Collins,2002)和方法论(Evans-Winters,2019)以及我作为黑人女性的立场为基础,从对这一特殊问题的呼吁中提出了一个具体的担忧,即解决早期扫盲教育中缺乏亲黑人研究的问题。通过这样做,我的目标是通过更彻底地整合黑人女性的认识方式,拓宽幼儿和小学教育中以历史实践为导向的研究机构,批判性文学研究的理论化和实施方式。我探讨了如何利用我们的个人和综合观点,这些观点建立在我们丰富的抵抗历史和在逆境中茁壮成长的基础上,为面向正义的教育提供有用的知识和识字实践。通过分析与批判性文学研究相关的学术文献以及幼儿和小学教育中的黑人女性教育者,我提出了一个问题:黑人女性的认知方式如何与黑人女性教育工作者的参与者融合在幼儿和小学批判性文学研究中?我了解了黑人女性教育工作者的认识方式与批判性识字一词的关联程度,并确定了批判性识字研究人员可以用来将黑人女性的认识方式融入早期识字研究中批判性识字的知识库和实践的富有成效的策略。一些策略包括将黑人女性教育者的情感和精神知识融入研究,并与同样参与研究的黑人女性共同研究。
{"title":"Centering Black women’s ways of knowing: A review of critical literacies research in early childhood","authors":"Francheska D. Starks","doi":"10.1177/14687984221121156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14687984221121156","url":null,"abstract":"In the most recent edition of the Handbook of Reading Research, Ebony Elizabeth Thomas and colleagues (2020) identify the need to recontextualize critical literacy pedagogy and research in ways that center Black and Indigenous communities. Although critical literacy has a rich tradition in emancipatory work (e.g. Freire, 1996), Thomas et al. argue for the need to begin elsewhere, with the knowledge and traditions of Black and Indigenous communities, to produce literacy research and pedagogy that is more responsive to current social issues and iterations of racism. In this article, I combine their insights with those of early literacy researchers, such as Candace R. Kuby and Tara Gutshall Rucker, (e.g. Kuby, 2013; Kuby and Rucker, 2020) to suggest that the shifting of theoretical framings may be a useful way of broadening the context of critical literacies research and scholarship. Kuby and Rucker’s (2020) examination explores offerings from postructural and posthumanist theories for expanding conceptions of literacy in efforts to challenge our ideas of literacies, inequalities, and justice in early literacy research. Similarly, I analyze the affordances of Pro-Black and marginalized theories in critical literacies research, such as Black Feminist Thought (Collins, 2002), for understanding and expanding how we attend to positionality in early literacy educational research. Grounded in Black Feminist theories (Collins, 2002) and methodologies (Evans-Winters, 2019) as well my own positionality as a Black woman, this article takes up one specific concern from the call for this special issue, that is to address the lack of Pro-Black research in early literacy education. In so doing, I aim to broaden the ways that a historically praxis-oriented body of research in early childhood and elementary education, critical literacies research, is theorized and enacted by integrating more thoroughly Black women’s ways of knowing. I explore how to leverage our individual and combined perspectives, which are grounded in our rich history of resistance and thriving in the face of adversity, to produce knowledge and literacy practices useful for justice-oriented education. Through an analysis of academic literature related to critical literacies research and Black women educators in early childhood and elementary education, I address the question: How are Black women’s ways of knowing integrated in early childhood and elementary critical literacies research with participants who are Black women educators? I offer a sense of the extent to which Black women educators’ ways of knowing are associated with the term critical literacy and also identify fruitful strategies that critical literacies researchers can use to integrate Black women’s ways of knowing into the knowledge base and practices of critical literacies in early literacy research. Some strategies include integrating Black women educators' emotions and spiritual knowledge into the research and co-researching w","PeriodicalId":47033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Childhood Literacy","volume":"22 1","pages":"335 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42147872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“They never told us that Black is beautiful”: Fostering Black joy and Pro-Blackness pedagogies in early childhood classrooms “他们从不告诉我们黑人是美丽的”:在幼儿课堂中培养黑人的快乐和亲黑人的教学法
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-08-19 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221121163
Michelle Grace Williams
Black Art in various forms has long been used by people in the African Diaspora to promote Black joy and Pro-Blackness yet it is often not included in language and literacy early childhood pedagogies to uplift Black children in North American schools. Likewise, many anti-racist early childhood research studies focus on the challenges faced by Black people with little emphasis on Black joy and Pro-Black narratives and the ways they are central to our psychic preservation and survival in the fight against anti-Black racism (Dunn D and Love B, 2020; Ladson-Billings, 2019b). As a child, Nina Simone’s Young Gifted and Black song lyrics rang true as the source of my Black joy was knowing the brilliance of Black people and being proud of our resistance to anti-Black racism. Growing up in the Jamaican context I heard the reggae version of her song rendered by Reggae artistes Marcia Griffiths and Bob Marley also Pro-Black advocates who contributed to my racial pride. Contemporary Jamaican Reggae artists like Chronixx with his song Black is Beautiful continue to promote these racial affirming messages. In this article, I focus on ways teachers can learn to promote Black Joy and Pro-Blackness in the early years as I introduce the notion of an African Diaspora Racial Literacy pedagogy that celebrates and fosters racial pride using Black music and poetry. By coining African Diaspora Racial Literacy, I refer to an instructional approach that draws from positive affirming racial messages from the African Diaspora to promote Black joy and racial pride, raise children’s critical consciousness, and prepare children to be able to take action against anti-Black racism. Through the lenses of Pro-Black Jamaican Intellectual Thought, critical race, Black Feminist, and decolonizing perspectives, I explore Jamaican Black Art literacies (e.g. song and poetry) and provide recommendations for teachers of children of African descent that center Black joy and Pro-Blackness as resistance to anti-Black racism in early childhood pedagogy and practice.
长期以来,散居在非洲的人们一直使用各种形式的黑人艺术来促进黑人的快乐和支持黑人,但它往往不包括在语言和识字的幼儿教育中,以提升北美学校的黑人儿童。同样,许多反种族主义的幼儿研究都集中在黑人面临的挑战上,而很少强调黑人的快乐和亲黑人的叙事,以及它们对我们在反对反黑人种族主义的斗争中的心理保护和生存至关重要(Dunn D和Love B,2020;Ladson Billings,2019b)。小时候,妮娜·西蒙的《天才少年》和《黑人》歌词听起来很真实,因为我黑人快乐的源泉是了解黑人的才华,并为我们抵制反黑人种族主义而自豪。我在牙买加长大,听过雷鬼艺人玛西娅·格里菲思和鲍勃·马利演奏的雷鬼版本的歌曲,他们也是支持黑人的倡导者,为我的种族自豪感做出了贡献。像Chronixx这样的当代牙买加雷鬼艺术家用他的歌曲《黑色是美丽的》继续宣传这些种族肯定的信息。在这篇文章中,我重点介绍了教师在早期学习促进黑人快乐和支持黑人的方法,我介绍了非洲散居者种族扫盲教育法的概念,该教育法利用黑人音乐和诗歌来庆祝和培养种族自豪感。通过创建非洲侨民种族素养,我指的是一种教学方法,它借鉴了非洲侨民积极肯定的种族信息,以促进黑人的快乐和种族自豪感,提高儿童的批判性意识,并使儿童能够采取行动反对反黑人种族主义。通过支持黑人的牙买加知识分子思想、批判性种族、黑人女权主义者和非殖民化视角,我探索了牙买加黑人艺术的文学作品(如歌曲和诗歌),并为非洲裔儿童的教师提供了建议,这些作品将黑人的快乐和支持黑人视为幼儿教育和实践中对反黑人种族主义的抵抗。
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引用次数: 0
@Home collective(ly): Opening doors and doing books with literacy-cast @家庭集体(ly):打开大门,与识字演员一起读书
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221118475
Christy Wessel‐Powell, Beth A. Buchholz, Jason D. DeHart, Elizabeth M. Frye, Devery Ward, Sarah M. Vander Zanden, Elizabeth Campbell
Although isolating, lockdown also created unexpected opportunities for connection and inspiration. This article describes the lockdown literacies of a sibling pair, Marco and Mara, as they wrote digital texts/books for Literacy-Cast, a virtual, interactive literacy space offered by Appalachian State University from March 2020-present. Since lockdown began, this virtual space has been enacted 4-5 days weekly with 70-250 participants logging in from “home” to co-construct a multigenerational, multilingual, geographically-dispersed community engaged in reading, writing/composing, making, speaking, and listening. Literacy-Cast was imagined, built, and enacted collaboratively among faculty, laboratory school teachers, graduate-level teacher candidates, and children (and families) in grades K-5. We hear a lot about the limitations of virtual classrooms/learning (e.g., COVID “learning loss,” lack of engagement, unequal access), particularly in relation to historically marginalized communities, but rarely are we offered counter-narratives: examples where young children who live and go to school in these communities shaped the creation of new virtual spaces/places by making visible meaningful “at home” literacy/language practices, cultural artifacts, and people. Through invitations embedded in the multimodal texts/books shared on Literacy-Cast’s digital bookshelf, children brought the community into their homes–bedrooms, kitchens, backyards, back porches, and backseats, reframing “home visits'' as sites/events for new kinds of community knowledge production. Research about home visits, educators visiting students’ homes to learn about children’s lives, has documented the impact of home environment awareness on school interactions, improved relationships between caregivers and teachers, typically focused on intervention supporting school-based achievement and school practices, often with unidirectional flow from school-to-home; however we conceptualize Literacy-Cast’s daily activity as multidirectional “home visits,” where invitations to come over and play, read, and write together brokered relationships and strengthened a gamut of literacy practices for all participants. Through collaborative ethnography, we explore ways “home” (e.g., objects/people/practices/languages/events) became tools/co-authors for children’s digital composing/making and, ultimately, home/community-making.
尽管与世隔绝,但封锁也为建立联系和灵感创造了意想不到的机会。这篇文章描述了兄弟姐妹Marco和Mara在为Literacy Cast写数字文本/书籍时的封锁文学,Literacy Cast是阿巴拉契亚州立大学从2020年3月至今提供的一个虚拟互动识字空间。自封锁开始以来,这个虚拟空间每周实施4-5天,70-250名参与者从“家”登录,共同构建一个多代、多语言、地理分散的社区,参与阅读、写作/作曲、制作、演讲和聆听。Literacy Cast是由教师、实验学校教师、研究生级别的教师候选人以及K-5年级的儿童(和家庭)共同设想、构建和实施的。我们听到了很多关于虚拟教室/学习的局限性(例如,新冠肺炎“学习损失”、缺乏参与、机会不平等),特别是与历史上被边缘化的社区有关,但我们很少提供相反的叙述:例如,在这些社区生活和上学的幼儿通过在家里进行明显有意义的识字/语言实践、文化文物和人,塑造了新的虚拟空间/场所的创建。通过嵌入Literacy Cast数字书架上共享的多模式文本/书籍中的邀请,孩子们将社区带入了他们的家——卧室、厨房、后院、后廊和后座,重构“家访”是新型社区知识生产的场所/活动。关于家访的研究,即教育工作者访问学生家了解儿童生活的研究,记录了家庭环境意识对学校互动的影响,改善了照顾者和教师之间的关系,通常侧重于支持学校成绩和学校的干预实践,通常是从学校到家的单向流动;然而,我们将Literacy Cast的日常活动概念化为多方向的“家访”,邀请他们一起玩耍、阅读和写作,促成了关系,并加强了所有参与者的各种识字实践。通过合作民族志,我们探索“家”(例如,物体/人/实践/语言/事件)如何成为儿童数字创作/制作的工具/合著者,并最终成为家庭/社区制作的工具。
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引用次数: 2
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Journal of Early Childhood Literacy
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