Pub Date : 2020-01-01Epub Date: 2018-12-10DOI: 10.1007/s11245-018-9621-x
Alexander Daniel Carruth
One recently popular way to characterise strong emergence is to say that emergent entities possess novel causal powers. However, there is little agreement concerning the nature of powers. One controversy involves whether powers are single- or multi-track; that is, whether each power has only one manifestation type, or whether a single power can be directed towards a number of distinct manifestations. Another concerns how powers operate: whether a lone power manifests when triggered by the presence of a suitable stimulus, or whether powers operate mutually such that several powers must 'work together' to bring about a particular manifestation. This paper examines how these distinctions-which can be cross-combined to frame four distinct accounts of the nature of powers-bear on the debate between emergentists and reductionists.
{"title":"Emergence, Reduction and the Identity and Individuation of Powers.","authors":"Alexander Daniel Carruth","doi":"10.1007/s11245-018-9621-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-018-9621-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One recently popular way to characterise strong emergence is to say that emergent entities possess <i>novel causal powers</i>. However, there is little agreement concerning the nature of powers. One controversy involves whether powers are single- or multi-track; that is, whether each power has only one manifestation type, or whether a single power can be directed towards a number of distinct manifestations. Another concerns <i>how</i> powers operate: whether a lone power manifests when triggered by the presence of a suitable stimulus, or whether powers operate mutually such that several powers must 'work together' to bring about a particular manifestation. This paper examines how these distinctions-which can be cross-combined to frame four distinct accounts of the nature of powers-bear on the debate between emergentists and reductionists.</p>","PeriodicalId":47039,"journal":{"name":"TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11245-018-9621-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38629322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01Epub Date: 2017-04-12DOI: 10.1007/s11245-017-9482-8
Jonathan Pugh
A prominent objection to non-cognitive moral bio-enhancements (NCMBEs) is that they would compromise the recipient's 'freedom to fall'. I begin by discussing some ambiguities in this objection, before outlining an Aristotelian reading of it. I suggest that this reading may help to forestall Persson and Savulescu's 'God-Machine' criticism; however, I suggest that the objection still faces the problem of explaining why the value of moral conformity is insufficient to outweigh the value of the freedom to fall itself. I also question whether the objection is compatible with Neil Levy's parity principle. Accordingly, I go on to consider an alternative relational freedom-based objection to NCMBEs that aims to explain the fundamental moral importance of the freedom that NCMBEs would violate. I argue that although this strategy might allow the critic of NCMBEs to bypass a powerful criticism of Harris' objection, it also weakens the freedom-based objection's compatibility with the parity principle.
{"title":"Moral Bio-enhancement, Freedom, Value and the Parity Principle.","authors":"Jonathan Pugh","doi":"10.1007/s11245-017-9482-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11245-017-9482-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A prominent objection to non-cognitive moral bio-enhancements (NCMBEs) is that they would compromise the recipient's 'freedom to fall'. I begin by discussing some ambiguities in this objection, before outlining an Aristotelian reading of it. I suggest that this reading may help to forestall Persson and Savulescu's 'God-Machine' criticism; however, I suggest that the objection still faces the problem of explaining why the value of moral conformity is insufficient to outweigh the value of the freedom to fall itself. I also question whether the objection is compatible with Neil Levy's parity principle. Accordingly, I go on to consider an alternative relational freedom-based objection to NCMBEs that aims to explain the fundamental moral importance of the freedom that NCMBEs would violate. I argue that although this strategy might allow the critic of NCMBEs to bypass a powerful criticism of Harris' objection, it also weakens the freedom-based objection's compatibility with the parity principle.</p>","PeriodicalId":47039,"journal":{"name":"TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6428794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37129332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Ebert, Robert Martin, J. Desideri, M. Besse, W. Henke, Markus Gross, E. Rosenstock
The research project LiVES (living conditions and biological standard of living in prehistoric Europe and South West Asia), funded by the Emmy-Noether-Programme of the German Research Foundation (DFG) and running from 2011 to 2019, focused - among other things - on the relationship between protein-intake and body height in prehistoric humans as a possible proxy for health and diet 1 . In order to obtain a sufficient amount of data relating to prehistoric body heights within the project’s timespan, which could then be correlated with relevant environmental, chronological and socio-historic variables, it was necessary to acquire and convert datasets from two already existing data collections: the Mainzer Lochkartenarchiv fur prahistorische und historische Anthropologie (Mainz punch card archive for prehistoric and historic anthropology) and the Geneva- based Anthropological Data Acquisition and Management (ADAM); they were eventually integrated with a new and regularly updated online database LiVES Collection of Osteological Anthropometry (LiVES-COstA) which, aside from our own purposes, is intended for future use by academic institutions and individual researchers around the world. With checked and published data from 6901 skeletal individuals dating up to 600 cal BCE, and a total of 18,127 unchecked, unpublished skeletal entries mostly dating to later periods, it is currently the largest digital collection of prehistoric and historic human long bone and stature data from Europe and Southwest Asia. In this article we will give a detailed report on the data acquisition and integration process within the framework of the LiVES-project, and describe the structure, as well as the state of data at the end of the project. Also, we will give a very brief summary on the publication of those datasets that have been checked and updated by the LiVES project in the LiVES-COstA Digest-collection.
{"title":"Dusting off ancient anthropometric data banks: the “Mainz Punch Card Archive” and “Geneva ADAM” and their integration with the updated and enlarged LiVES-COstA online database","authors":"Julia Ebert, Robert Martin, J. Desideri, M. Besse, W. Henke, Markus Gross, E. Rosenstock","doi":"10.17171/2-12-6-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17171/2-12-6-1","url":null,"abstract":"The research project LiVES (living conditions and biological standard of living in prehistoric Europe and South West Asia), funded by the Emmy-Noether-Programme of the German Research Foundation (DFG) and running from 2011 to 2019, focused - among other things - on the relationship between protein-intake and body height in prehistoric humans as a possible proxy for health and diet 1 . In order to obtain a sufficient amount of data relating to prehistoric body heights within the project’s timespan, which could then be correlated with relevant environmental, chronological and socio-historic variables, it was necessary to acquire and convert datasets from two already existing data collections: the Mainzer Lochkartenarchiv fur prahistorische und historische Anthropologie (Mainz punch card archive for prehistoric and historic anthropology) and the Geneva- based Anthropological Data Acquisition and Management (ADAM); they were eventually integrated with a new and regularly updated online database LiVES Collection of Osteological Anthropometry (LiVES-COstA) which, aside from our own purposes, is intended for future use by academic institutions and individual researchers around the world. With checked and published data from 6901 skeletal individuals dating up to 600 cal BCE, and a total of 18,127 unchecked, unpublished skeletal entries mostly dating to later periods, it is currently the largest digital collection of prehistoric and historic human long bone and stature data from Europe and Southwest Asia. In this article we will give a detailed report on the data acquisition and integration process within the framework of the LiVES-project, and describe the structure, as well as the state of data at the end of the project. Also, we will give a very brief summary on the publication of those datasets that have been checked and updated by the LiVES project in the LiVES-COstA Digest-collection.","PeriodicalId":47039,"journal":{"name":"TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90986892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01Epub Date: 2016-07-15DOI: 10.1007/s11245-016-9412-1
Harry Collins
I describe the program of analysis of expertise known as 'Studies of Expertise and Experience', or 'SEE' and contrast it with certain philosophical approaches. SEE differs from many approaches to expertise in that it takes the degree of 'esotericity' of the expertise to be one of its characteristics: esotericity is not a defining characteristic of expertise. Thus, native language speaking is taken to be an expertise along with gravitational wave physics. Expertise is taken to be acquired by socialisation within expert communities. Various methods of analysis are described.
{"title":"Studies of Expertise and Experience.","authors":"Harry Collins","doi":"10.1007/s11245-016-9412-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-016-9412-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I describe the program of analysis of expertise known as 'Studies of Expertise and Experience', or 'SEE' and contrast it with certain philosophical approaches. SEE differs from many approaches to expertise in that it takes the degree of 'esotericity' of the expertise to be one of its characteristics: esotericity is not a defining characteristic of expertise. Thus, native language speaking is taken to be an expertise along with gravitational wave physics. Expertise is taken to be acquired by socialisation within expert communities. Various methods of analysis are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":47039,"journal":{"name":"TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11245-016-9412-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35882154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01Epub Date: 2017-03-23DOI: 10.1007/s11245-017-9460-1
Roberta Locatelli, Keith A Wilson
{"title":"Introduction: Perception Without Representation.","authors":"Roberta Locatelli, Keith A Wilson","doi":"10.1007/s11245-017-9460-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-017-9460-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47039,"journal":{"name":"TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11245-017-9460-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37640215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01Epub Date: 2013-08-02DOI: 10.1007/s11245-013-9180-0
Paul L Harris, Jonathan D Lane
Children learn about the world from the testimony of other people, often coming to accept what they are told about a variety of unobservable and indeed counterintuitive phenomena. However, research on children's learning from testimony has paid limited attention to the foundations of that capacity. We ask whether those foundations can be observed in infancy. We review evidence from two areas of research: infants' sensitivity to the emotional expressions of other people; and their capacity to understand the exchange of information through non-verbal gestures and vocalization. We conclude that a grasp of the bi-directional exchange of information is present early in the second year. We discuss the implications for future research, especially across different cultural settings.
{"title":"Infants Understand How Testimony Works.","authors":"Paul L Harris, Jonathan D Lane","doi":"10.1007/s11245-013-9180-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-013-9180-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children learn about the world from the testimony of other people, often coming to accept what they are told about a variety of unobservable and indeed counterintuitive phenomena. However, research on children's learning from testimony has paid limited attention to the foundations of that capacity. We ask whether those foundations can be observed in infancy. We review evidence from two areas of research: infants' sensitivity to the emotional expressions of other people; and their capacity to understand the exchange of information through non-verbal gestures and vocalization. We conclude that a grasp of the bi-directional exchange of information is present early in the second year. We discuss the implications for future research, especially across different cultural settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47039,"journal":{"name":"TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11245-013-9180-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40535523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Les réalités associatives dans les Cyclades à l’époque impériale. Le bâtiment à l’intérieur de l’Agora des Déliens et le “Portique des Mystae” de Mélos","authors":"M. Galli","doi":"10.3406/TOPOI.2014.2545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/TOPOI.2014.2545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47039,"journal":{"name":"TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75077969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Les sanctuaires babyloniens à l’époque hellénistique. Évolution d’un relais de pouvoir","authors":"Philippe Clancier, Julien Monerie","doi":"10.3406/TOPOI.2014.2535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/TOPOI.2014.2535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47039,"journal":{"name":"TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74721622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Des écrits sur l’art aux signatures d’artiste : l’école de Pasitélès, un cas d’étude sur la notion de filiation artistique Evelyne Prioux, Eleonora Santin
它是一个多学科的开放获取档案，用于科学研究文件的存储和传播，无论它们是否出版。这些文件可能来自法国或国外的教学和研究机构，也可能来自公共或私人研究中心。HAL开放多学科档案旨在存放和传播来自法国或外国教育和研究机构、公共或私人实验室的已发表或未发表的研究级科学文件。从艺术作品到艺术家签名:l ' ecole de pasiteles，一个关于艺术归属概念的案例研究evelyn Prioux, Eleonora Santin
{"title":"Des écrits sur l'art aux signatures d'artiste: L'école de Pasitélès, un cas d'étude sur la notion de filiation artistique","authors":"É. Prioux, E. Santin","doi":"10.3406/topoi.2014.2551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/topoi.2014.2551","url":null,"abstract":"HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Des écrits sur l’art aux signatures d’artiste : l’école de Pasitélès, un cas d’étude sur la notion de filiation artistique Evelyne Prioux, Eleonora Santin","PeriodicalId":47039,"journal":{"name":"TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73178488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"De la vaisselle et du vin chypriote au Létôon de Xanthos à l'époque romaine","authors":"S. Lemaître, Sandrine Élaigne","doi":"10.3406/TOPOI.2014.2554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/TOPOI.2014.2554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47039,"journal":{"name":"TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85064285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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