Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2023.2169730
Ahmed Al-Rawi, Taeyoung Kim
ABSTRACT This study investigates how Canadian journalists view dark participation and respond to it. Based on interviews with 15 journalists, it explores their concern about dark participation practices especially in relation to the issues of hate speech, dis/misinformation, and trolling. Combined with the ripple effects of social media in delivering news content, the respondents indicated that there are multiple challenges and concerns when dealing with dark participation such as attacks on women and different minority groups which might threaten social cohesion. The majority of respondents highlighted the psychological toll of dark participation and ways of dealing with it.
{"title":"Journalists’ Views and Management of Dark Participation","authors":"Ahmed Al-Rawi, Taeyoung Kim","doi":"10.1080/10510974.2023.2169730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2023.2169730","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates how Canadian journalists view dark participation and respond to it. Based on interviews with 15 journalists, it explores their concern about dark participation practices especially in relation to the issues of hate speech, dis/misinformation, and trolling. Combined with the ripple effects of social media in delivering news content, the respondents indicated that there are multiple challenges and concerns when dealing with dark participation such as attacks on women and different minority groups which might threaten social cohesion. The majority of respondents highlighted the psychological toll of dark participation and ways of dealing with it.","PeriodicalId":47080,"journal":{"name":"Communication Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"97 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45150601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2023.2168716
C. Muneri, Anjana Mudambi, M. Collier
ABSTRACT This study is based on an undergraduate course on intercultural conflict and community building, which was grounded in critical intercultural communication pedagogy (CICP) and included a two-day, over-night, off-campus retreat. Three themes were critically analyzed and problematized in student retreat reflection paper discourse: celebrating difference and plurality, emphasizing similarity over differences, and building community: tools and tensions. Students praised individuals’ pluralistic cultural identities and differences, described spaces of connection primarily through the identification of similarities, and described communication practices such as sharing culturally-based visions and narratives in community building and intercultural conflict management. Bringing together frameworks for critical reflexivity and critical communities within CICP, the conception of critical intercultural communities becomes an important way to define, orient, and teach intercultural communication, conflict and community building.
{"title":"Student Discourses of Community in an Intercultural Conflict and Community Course: A Critical Assessment","authors":"C. Muneri, Anjana Mudambi, M. Collier","doi":"10.1080/10510974.2023.2168716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2023.2168716","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study is based on an undergraduate course on intercultural conflict and community building, which was grounded in critical intercultural communication pedagogy (CICP) and included a two-day, over-night, off-campus retreat. Three themes were critically analyzed and problematized in student retreat reflection paper discourse: celebrating difference and plurality, emphasizing similarity over differences, and building community: tools and tensions. Students praised individuals’ pluralistic cultural identities and differences, described spaces of connection primarily through the identification of similarities, and described communication practices such as sharing culturally-based visions and narratives in community building and intercultural conflict management. Bringing together frameworks for critical reflexivity and critical communities within CICP, the conception of critical intercultural communities becomes an important way to define, orient, and teach intercultural communication, conflict and community building.","PeriodicalId":47080,"journal":{"name":"Communication Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"164 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41415405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2023.2169729
Zhan Xu
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has become a partisan political issue instead of purely a public health issue in the U.S. Partisan media bias leads to conflicting messages and drastic differences in preventive behaviors and risk perceptions between Democrats and Republicans. Guided by partisan media bias literature and framing theory, this study examined partisan media bias in the U.S. national and local newspapers regarding COVID-19 using computational methods. It visualized the trends of COVID-19 news articles published by left-leaning, least biased, and right-leaning media as well as revealed frames that were used in partisan media to report COVID-19. Findings demonstrated that partisan media covered certain COVID-19 frames more frequently than others. Even though left-leaning, least biased, and right-leaning media did not differ in the likelihood of publishing COVID-19 articles and they did not publish a significantly different number of COVID-19 articles, partisan media used each COVID-19 frame significantly differently. Specifically, least biased media was more likely than left-leaning media and right-leaning media to discuss the stay-at-home order. Other frames were not significantly differently applied by different partisan media. Implications for COVID-19 news reporting and message design as well as the lessons for politics and health policy are provided.
{"title":"Examining U.S. Newspapers’ Partisan Bias in COVID-19 News Using Computational Methods","authors":"Zhan Xu","doi":"10.1080/10510974.2023.2169729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2023.2169729","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has become a partisan political issue instead of purely a public health issue in the U.S. Partisan media bias leads to conflicting messages and drastic differences in preventive behaviors and risk perceptions between Democrats and Republicans. Guided by partisan media bias literature and framing theory, this study examined partisan media bias in the U.S. national and local newspapers regarding COVID-19 using computational methods. It visualized the trends of COVID-19 news articles published by left-leaning, least biased, and right-leaning media as well as revealed frames that were used in partisan media to report COVID-19. Findings demonstrated that partisan media covered certain COVID-19 frames more frequently than others. Even though left-leaning, least biased, and right-leaning media did not differ in the likelihood of publishing COVID-19 articles and they did not publish a significantly different number of COVID-19 articles, partisan media used each COVID-19 frame significantly differently. Specifically, least biased media was more likely than left-leaning media and right-leaning media to discuss the stay-at-home order. Other frames were not significantly differently applied by different partisan media. Implications for COVID-19 news reporting and message design as well as the lessons for politics and health policy are provided.","PeriodicalId":47080,"journal":{"name":"Communication Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"78 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49031892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2022.2164790
M. Scott, P. Kendall
ABSTRACT Providing home care to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities can be challenging in the best of times. Communication and relationships, which are both critical to the care provided by Direct Support Professionals (DSPs), were impacted significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using interpretive research methods with DSPs at a Midwestern agency, this study identifies communication and relationship challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic and strategies used to manage those challenges. COVID-19 protocols like masking, cleaning procedures, and cared-for individuals’ home confinement created significant relational challenges including misunderstandings, changing routines, and fluctuating roles. DSPs also discussed how those challenges were overcome, including communication adaptation, creativity, and empathy. By examining the strategies DSPs used to negotiate the challenges and their changing roles, insight can be gained into how organizations might best support direct care workers in times of significant stress and uncertainty. This study builds on the growing scholarship exploring the impact of COVID-19 on health care communication.
{"title":"“They Can’t See Me Smile”: Communication and Relationship Challenges of Providing Home Care During a Pandemic","authors":"M. Scott, P. Kendall","doi":"10.1080/10510974.2022.2164790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2022.2164790","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Providing home care to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities can be challenging in the best of times. Communication and relationships, which are both critical to the care provided by Direct Support Professionals (DSPs), were impacted significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using interpretive research methods with DSPs at a Midwestern agency, this study identifies communication and relationship challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic and strategies used to manage those challenges. COVID-19 protocols like masking, cleaning procedures, and cared-for individuals’ home confinement created significant relational challenges including misunderstandings, changing routines, and fluctuating roles. DSPs also discussed how those challenges were overcome, including communication adaptation, creativity, and empathy. By examining the strategies DSPs used to negotiate the challenges and their changing roles, insight can be gained into how organizations might best support direct care workers in times of significant stress and uncertainty. This study builds on the growing scholarship exploring the impact of COVID-19 on health care communication.","PeriodicalId":47080,"journal":{"name":"Communication Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"45 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45738782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2022.2160997
Alberto González, Eun-young Lee, Sanghee Park, Sung-Yeon Park
ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, health experts emerged to deliver crisis messaging to a public that needed information to understand the nature of the mega-crisis and to know how to mitigate the risk of infection. Some of the public health experts were immigrants who drew attention to healthcare disparities in the U.S. and called for systemic reform of healthcare delivery. This study critically examines the health equity discourse of immigrant public health leaders (IPHLs). Employing a critical application of the IDEA Model of crisis messaging, the study interrogates how three IPHLs navigated and disrupted their stereotyped identities as “model minorities” who were medical experts and advocates of equitable healthcare.
{"title":"The Health Equity Discourse of Immigrant Public Health Leaders: A Critical Application of the IDEA Model","authors":"Alberto González, Eun-young Lee, Sanghee Park, Sung-Yeon Park","doi":"10.1080/10510974.2022.2160997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2022.2160997","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, health experts emerged to deliver crisis messaging to a public that needed information to understand the nature of the mega-crisis and to know how to mitigate the risk of infection. Some of the public health experts were immigrants who drew attention to healthcare disparities in the U.S. and called for systemic reform of healthcare delivery. This study critically examines the health equity discourse of immigrant public health leaders (IPHLs). Employing a critical application of the IDEA Model of crisis messaging, the study interrogates how three IPHLs navigated and disrupted their stereotyped identities as “model minorities” who were medical experts and advocates of equitable healthcare.","PeriodicalId":47080,"journal":{"name":"Communication Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"13 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42526234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2022.2163675
Alaina Walberg
ABSTRACT The anti-vaccine movement’s appropriation of the reproductive rights mantra #MyBodyMyChoice has been remarkably successful despite overwhelming evidence in favor of vaccines and the historical precedent for vaccine requirements. I argue that this appropriation of #MyBodyMyChoice constitutes a symbolic negation which is indicative of a new conservative rhetorical strategy of Owning the Libs. This strategy emphasizes affective resonance over political reason and operates through three rhetorical moves. It first paints liberals as hypocrites while blaming them for conservatives’ own skepticism about the COVID-19 vaccine. It then elicits an affective response which manifests via right-wing arrogance and superiority on Twitter. Finally, it reconstitutes conservatives as the “true” patriots who are uniquely able to see through government corruption. This research speaks to a new form of right-wing advocacy that forefronts emotion and personal experience as the basis for group formation and sidesteps traditional political and deliberative norms.
{"title":"Owning the Libs: Symbolic Negation of #mybodymychoice as a Conservative Rhetorical Strategy","authors":"Alaina Walberg","doi":"10.1080/10510974.2022.2163675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2022.2163675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The anti-vaccine movement’s appropriation of the reproductive rights mantra #MyBodyMyChoice has been remarkably successful despite overwhelming evidence in favor of vaccines and the historical precedent for vaccine requirements. I argue that this appropriation of #MyBodyMyChoice constitutes a symbolic negation which is indicative of a new conservative rhetorical strategy of Owning the Libs. This strategy emphasizes affective resonance over political reason and operates through three rhetorical moves. It first paints liberals as hypocrites while blaming them for conservatives’ own skepticism about the COVID-19 vaccine. It then elicits an affective response which manifests via right-wing arrogance and superiority on Twitter. Finally, it reconstitutes conservatives as the “true” patriots who are uniquely able to see through government corruption. This research speaks to a new form of right-wing advocacy that forefronts emotion and personal experience as the basis for group formation and sidesteps traditional political and deliberative norms.","PeriodicalId":47080,"journal":{"name":"Communication Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"29 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43244544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2023.2166553
Connor D. Wilcox, Cristin A. Compton
ABSTRACT While vaporwave musicians create surreal soundscapes from under the cover of anonymity, they also engage in complex and humanizing identity work processes. We applied a communication theory of identity (CTI) lens to semi-structured interviews conducted with 18 self-identified vaporwave musicians. Grounded in the experiences of vaporwave musicians, our iterative qualitative analysis revealed that participants constantly contend with friction between personal, enacted, relational, and communal identities. This study’s contributions include extending CTI literature into a new realm of music subculture, suggesting new avenues for understanding identity within digital communities, and emphasizing the importance of lived participant experiences.
{"title":"Beyond the Screen: Exploring Vaporwave Musicians’ Communicative Identity Work","authors":"Connor D. Wilcox, Cristin A. Compton","doi":"10.1080/10510974.2023.2166553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2023.2166553","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While vaporwave musicians create surreal soundscapes from under the cover of anonymity, they also engage in complex and humanizing identity work processes. We applied a communication theory of identity (CTI) lens to semi-structured interviews conducted with 18 self-identified vaporwave musicians. Grounded in the experiences of vaporwave musicians, our iterative qualitative analysis revealed that participants constantly contend with friction between personal, enacted, relational, and communal identities. This study’s contributions include extending CTI literature into a new realm of music subculture, suggesting new avenues for understanding identity within digital communities, and emphasizing the importance of lived participant experiences.","PeriodicalId":47080,"journal":{"name":"Communication Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"61 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47849673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2022.2159998
Noah Franken, Nancy García
ABSTRACT This article presents an autoethnographic account of a scene that unfolds at the airport. In the scene, a practical problem is solved despite limitations in communication, and the scene plays out in front of a waiting area full of travelers. It centers around an elderly couple who are confused and disoriented in the midst of a predicament, and who are not fluent in English. A gate agent and another traveler who both speak Spanish help the couple manage the situation and find a solution, but there remains mystery and confusion when the scene ends. The account demonstrates communication as translation, transcendence, and communicability, showcasing the ability to bridge differences through communication and solve practical problems despite being inherently divided. It also occupies a space that can be considered borderlands, and overall offers a critical and reflexive cultural translation that reflects upon the way we perceive the other.
{"title":"A Scene from the Borderlands of Translation, Transcendence, and Communicability","authors":"Noah Franken, Nancy García","doi":"10.1080/10510974.2022.2159998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2022.2159998","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents an autoethnographic account of a scene that unfolds at the airport. In the scene, a practical problem is solved despite limitations in communication, and the scene plays out in front of a waiting area full of travelers. It centers around an elderly couple who are confused and disoriented in the midst of a predicament, and who are not fluent in English. A gate agent and another traveler who both speak Spanish help the couple manage the situation and find a solution, but there remains mystery and confusion when the scene ends. The account demonstrates communication as translation, transcendence, and communicability, showcasing the ability to bridge differences through communication and solve practical problems despite being inherently divided. It also occupies a space that can be considered borderlands, and overall offers a critical and reflexive cultural translation that reflects upon the way we perceive the other.","PeriodicalId":47080,"journal":{"name":"Communication Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43520707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2022.2149583
D. Bi, Nicole A. Ploeger-Lyons
ABSTRACT This study explores the positive nature of the funeral industry in rural communities and examines how rural funeral directors perform community services to destigmatize their profession. Analysis of interviews (n = 27) with rural funeral directors revealed that the funeral industry, although it is associated with death and dying, was needed and accepted in the community – a phenomenon the article labels (un)wanted and (un)sought services. This construct challenges the denial of death thesis and supports the contingent and discursive nature of death and dying. Moreover, rural funeral directors offer life enrichment programs, support local businesses, work as partial civic servants, and participate in community governance. This study argues that these supportive performances reflect the communicative mechanism of destigmatization, reinforcing the needed and acceptable nature and diminishing the unwanted and unsought nature of the profession. Lastly, the study advocates that urban funeral homes learn from rural funeral homes regarding communal characteristics to make a more supportive and cohesive urban life.
{"title":"(Un)wanted and (Un)sought Services: Exploring the Funeral Industry Positivity and Rural Funeral Directors’ Destigmatization","authors":"D. Bi, Nicole A. Ploeger-Lyons","doi":"10.1080/10510974.2022.2149583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2022.2149583","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores the positive nature of the funeral industry in rural communities and examines how rural funeral directors perform community services to destigmatize their profession. Analysis of interviews (n = 27) with rural funeral directors revealed that the funeral industry, although it is associated with death and dying, was needed and accepted in the community – a phenomenon the article labels (un)wanted and (un)sought services. This construct challenges the denial of death thesis and supports the contingent and discursive nature of death and dying. Moreover, rural funeral directors offer life enrichment programs, support local businesses, work as partial civic servants, and participate in community governance. This study argues that these supportive performances reflect the communicative mechanism of destigmatization, reinforcing the needed and acceptable nature and diminishing the unwanted and unsought nature of the profession. Lastly, the study advocates that urban funeral homes learn from rural funeral homes regarding communal characteristics to make a more supportive and cohesive urban life.","PeriodicalId":47080,"journal":{"name":"Communication Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"511 - 526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48732704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10510974.2022.2145327
Andrew M. Ledbetter, Lauren E. Fellers
ABSTRACT To evaluate the foundational propositions of a nascent theory of relational entropy, this manuscript reports a longitudinal investigation of friendship across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 165 members of Greek-letter organizations (both current students and alumni), with data collected in Spring 2020 and again in Spring 2021. Results indicated that relationships exhibited greater entropy and less maintenance in Spring 2021 than in Spring 2020, with Spring 2020 maintenance predicting less entropy in Spring 2021. Although the personal impact of the pandemic predicted increased maintenance in Spring 2020, the direction of this effect was reversed a year later. These findings support key propositions of the nascent theory and identify directions for future refinement of it.
{"title":"Relational Maintenance and Relational Entropy Predict Each Other Over a Year: A Test of the Theory of Relational Entropy in Friendships During COVID-19","authors":"Andrew M. Ledbetter, Lauren E. Fellers","doi":"10.1080/10510974.2022.2145327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2022.2145327","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To evaluate the foundational propositions of a nascent theory of relational entropy, this manuscript reports a longitudinal investigation of friendship across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 165 members of Greek-letter organizations (both current students and alumni), with data collected in Spring 2020 and again in Spring 2021. Results indicated that relationships exhibited greater entropy and less maintenance in Spring 2021 than in Spring 2020, with Spring 2020 maintenance predicting less entropy in Spring 2021. Although the personal impact of the pandemic predicted increased maintenance in Spring 2020, the direction of this effect was reversed a year later. These findings support key propositions of the nascent theory and identify directions for future refinement of it.","PeriodicalId":47080,"journal":{"name":"Communication Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"591 - 606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44351851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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