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Project Assessment for Local Government Advocacy 地方政府宣传项目评估
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2192917
T. Denham, C. Hamilton, J. Kellett, P. Maginn, Kirsten Martinus, J. Dodson
ABSTRACT The infrastructure deficit, continued population growth and expanding urbanisation at the fringe of cities has been the subject of criticism, however, it remains important to consider how best to address the social, economic, health and environmental issues. This practice review sets out a method for multi-criteria analysis of infrastructure project proposals in outer suburban growth areas, undertaken by an independent team with knowledge of the issues. As a result, it provides insights into how to provide a cost-effective and systematic input into infrastructure prioritisation processes and investment advocacy, and as a result support local government in addressing infrastructure requirements.
摘要城市边缘的基础设施短缺、人口持续增长和城市化进程不断扩大一直是批评的主题,然而,考虑如何最好地解决社会、经济、健康和环境问题仍然很重要。本实践综述提出了一种由了解问题的独立团队对远郊增长区基础设施项目提案进行多标准分析的方法。因此,它深入了解了如何为基础设施优先排序过程和投资宣传提供具有成本效益和系统性的投入,从而支持地方政府满足基础设施需求。
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引用次数: 0
Urban awakenings: disturbance and enchantment in the industrial city 都市觉醒:工业城市的扰动与迷人
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2188660
S. Sturup
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引用次数: 1
Every Place Matters: Towards Effective Place-Based Policy 每个地方都很重要:实现有效的基于地方的政策
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-12 DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2188659
Yuan Wei
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引用次数: 11
Changing Housing Taxation Composition: A Review of Policy in the Australian Capital Territory 不断变化的住房税收构成:澳大利亚首都地区政策回顾
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2167818
Yogi Vidyattama, Jinjing Li, R. Tanton, H. A. La
ABSTRACT A tax reform introduced by the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Government in 2012 aimed to ease the barrier of owning a home by replacing stamp duty with a broad-based general rates and land tax. This article assesses on the impact of this reform on the ability of low-income families to buy a house using a microsimulation model. The results show that tax reform has increased property turnover and reduced the amounts paid for stamp duty and rates for most groups of vulnerable families in the ACT. However, extreme increases in house prices may offset this gain for vulnerable families.
摘要澳大利亚首都领地政府于2012年推出的一项税收改革旨在通过用基础广泛的一般税率和土地税取代印花税来缓解拥有住房的障碍。本文使用微观模拟模型评估了这项改革对低收入家庭购房能力的影响。结果表明,税收改革增加了房地产交易量,并降低了ACT中大多数弱势家庭群体的印花税和税率。然而,房价的极端上涨可能会抵消弱势家庭的这一收益。
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引用次数: 0
Cities in COVID-19: Reconsidering Urban Form, Mobility, Housing and Planning in Australasia 2019冠状病毒病中的城市:重新考虑澳大利亚的城市形态、流动性、住房和规划
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2193590
M. Swapan, A. Alam, D. Rogers, Donna Houston, M. Lobo, Zahra Nasreen
Historically, global pandemics have made profound impacts on cities that lasted for generations and pushed us to reflect on and rethink how cities are lived, planned and re-oriented. The many disruptions brought in by each pandemic challenged urban growth patterns, policies and the status quo of that particular time. For example, we observed significant changes in planning and environmental control regulations in London and other European cities in the aftermath of the Great Fire in1666 [‘The great sanitary awakening’ (Winslow 1923)]. The most recent one, COVID-19 has caused unprecedented shifts in our urban life through changing mobility patterns, new forms of urban governance and pandemic response which have prompted critical questions of contemporary understandings and approaches to planning for resilient urban formations not only in relation to the city but also its hinterland areas and beyond, regional and rural centres (Ali et al. 2022, Alam and Nel 2023). While modern cities are facing complex and wicked problems, particularly in the face of climate change and the embrace of smart technologies, the outbreak of COVID-19 has been dramatic, putting urban policymakers, scholars, citizens and planners on a “pressure test” for rethinking urban planning trends, as well as highlighting existing and emergent deficiencies [Brockhoff, J. cited in Johnston (2020)]. COVID-19 cities are amplifying dialectical characteristics of invisibility and visibility, privilege and privation, selfishness and solidarity, and absence and presence (Rogers et al. 2020). In the past few years, urban life has been redefined by the ‘non-clinical panacea’ (Nahiduzzaman 2020) such as ‘lockdown’ ‘stay home’, ‘quarantine’, ‘self-isolation’, ‘social distancing’, ‘working from home’, ‘telehealth’, and ‘online shopping’. As an immediate effect, there is an unprecedented reduction in urban mobility due to the lockdown of activities, introduction of working from home and limited or online shopping. A recent survey shows around 88% of Australian employers encouraged or required their employees to work from home (Mitchell 2020). According to Grattan Institute, the crowds in the CBD of major cities on the east coast fell to a fifth or less during the height of the lockdowns (Kurmelovs 2020). This follows similar patterns of pedestrian and transport movement in major cities around the globe. For example, in London, Moscow, New York, Singapore and Milan, mobility dropped down as close to as 10% of trips during the peak of the pandemic (March 3May 5, 2020) (Statista 2020). On a positive note, a 28.3% decline in carbon emissions was recorded in Australian cities during April 2020 (Harvey 2020). The unprecedented shifts in daily urban life have prompted urban researchers and thinkers to explore ‘what a future city could look like’ (Cayford 2020). By recapturing many old debates around city structure, density, housing, social fabric, public/private space and parks, COVID-19 has compelled u
从历史上看,全球大流行病对城市产生了持续几代人的深远影响,促使我们反思和重新思考城市的居住、规划和重新定位方式。每次大流行病带来的许多破坏都对当时的城市增长模式、政策和现状提出了挑战。例如,我们观察到在1666年伦敦大火之后,伦敦和其他欧洲城市的规划和环境控制法规发生了重大变化[“卫生大觉醒”(Winslow 1923)]。最近的一次,COVID-19通过改变流动模式、新的城市治理形式和大流行应对措施,给我们的城市生活带来了前所未有的变化,这引发了当代理解和规划弹性城市形成方法的关键问题,不仅与城市有关,而且与城市腹地及其他地区、区域和农村中心有关(Ali等人,2022;Alam和Nel 2023)。虽然现代城市面临着复杂而棘手的问题,特别是在气候变化和智能技术的应用方面,但2019冠状病毒病的爆发令人震惊,使城市政策制定者、学者、市民和规划者面临着重新思考城市规划趋势的“压力测试”,并突出了现有和新出现的不足[Brockhoff, J. cited in Johnston(2020)]。新冠肺炎城市正在放大隐形与可见、特权与贫困、自私与团结、缺席与存在的辩证特征(Rogers et al. 2020)。在过去几年中,城市生活被“非临床灵丹妙药”(Nahiduzzaman 2020)重新定义,如“封锁”、“呆在家里”、“隔离”、“自我隔离”、“保持社交距离”、“在家工作”、“远程医疗”和“网上购物”。直接的影响是,由于活动的封锁、在家工作的引入以及限时购物或网上购物,城市流动性空前减少。最近的一项调查显示,约88%的澳大利亚雇主鼓励或要求员工在家工作(Mitchell 2020)。根据格拉坦研究所的数据,在封锁最严重的时候,东海岸主要城市中央商务区的人群减少了五分之一或更少(Kurmelovs 2020)。这与全球主要城市的行人和交通运动模式相似。例如,在伦敦、莫斯科、纽约、新加坡和米兰,在疫情高峰期(2020年3月3日至5月5日),出行人数下降了近10% (Statista 2020)。积极的一面是,2020年4月,澳大利亚城市的碳排放量下降了28.3%(哈维2020)。城市日常生活中前所未有的变化促使城市研究人员和思想家探索“未来城市可能是什么样子”(Cayford 2020)。COVID-19重新引发了围绕城市结构、密度、住房、社会结构、公共/私人空间和公园的许多旧辩论,迫使我们重新思考城市设计和政策如何转变,以及如何提供更具弹性和“大流行安全”的城市形态。关于后covid -19城市的关键辩论之一引发了以下问题的讨论:通过增强韧性来应对当前和未来危机的首选城市形式是紧凑型城市还是低密度郊区?一些学者强调,低密度住房可以实践社会距离,并通过在家工作的文化转变来重振郊区中心。部分人口密集城市传播风险大,人口死亡率高
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引用次数: 0
The Invention of the ‘Underclass’: A Study in the Politics of Knowledge “下层阶级”的发明:知识政治学研究
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2165630
P. Shrestha
appeared to come primarily from the green criteria’s proponents. Scholars may also find concern with the use of anecdotes. For example, to highlight the poor condition of existing “grey” housing, the author describes the plight of a child too exhausted to study at school due to his nightly guard duty protecting working family members from rat attack. While not doubting the truth of the story, it is also unlikely to be a typical experience of low-income housing tenants in most of the OECD. Issues of affordability and poor housing standards are dire enough for more typical depictions without the need to highlight such outliers. Conceptually, the book could be expanded to consider broader drivers for many of the issues presented. It instead seems to follow a standard view that housing affordability issues primarily relate to the supply/demand models of classical economics, rather than matters of money supply and the role of housing as a financialised asset (Sisson et al., 2019). In Australia for example, the existing and approved supply of housing suggests our affordability crisis is more much more complex (Murray, 2021). It would have also been interesting to see an assessment of the rate at which “green” housing can realistically be provided, and therefore the extent to which such an incremental approach can meaningfully contribute to improving climate outcomes within the urgent timeframes required. Because of its approach to research and straight-forward conceptual underpinnings, the book is perhaps less useful to researchers than it otherwise could be. That said, such criticisms should be qualified by a consideration of its clear intent; Bourland’s work is highly pragmatic in nature and almost certainly designed to be most comprehendible to a broader audience. The book provides many applied examples of implementation of successful and sustainable affordable housing developments. It also describes and justifies a well utilised and refined set of housing criteria that are likely of interest and use both for instruction, and for practitioners involved in housing policy and development. It is clear, accessible, timely, and has obvious significance. On this basis, the book provides a valuable contribution towards addressing an array of housing matters that are vital for the future well-being of our society, and which have previously been mostly considered in isolation. Grey to Green Communities is therefore likely to be a useful work for those seeking applied understanding of models for developing sustainable affordable housing.
似乎主要来自绿色标准的支持者。学者们可能也会对轶事的使用感到担忧。例如,为了突出现有“灰色”住房的恶劣条件,作者描述了一个孩子的困境,因为他晚上要保护工薪家庭成员不受老鼠的袭击,所以他太累了,无法在学校学习。虽然不怀疑故事的真实性,但在大多数经合组织国家,这也不太可能是低收入住房租户的典型经历。负担能力和住房标准差的问题已经足够可怕,无需强调这些异常值,就可以进行更典型的描述。从概念上讲,本书可以扩展到考虑许多问题的更广泛的驱动因素。相反,它似乎遵循一种标准观点,即住房负担能力问题主要与古典经济学的供需模型有关,而不是货币供应问题和住房作为金融化资产的作用(Sisson等人,2019)。例如,在澳大利亚,现有和批准的住房供应表明,我们的负担能力危机要复杂得多(Murray, 2021)。如果能对实际提供“绿色”住房的速度进行评估,以及在所需的紧急时间框架内,这种渐进式方法能在多大程度上为改善气候结果做出有意义的贡献,也会很有趣。由于它的研究方法和直接的概念基础,这本书可能对研究人员没有那么有用。尽管如此,这种批评应当考虑到其明确的意图;布尔兰的作品在本质上是高度实用主义的,几乎可以肯定的是,它的设计是为了让更广泛的读者最容易理解。这本书提供了许多成功和可持续的经济适用房开发实施的应用实例。它还描述和证明了一套很好地利用和完善的住房标准,这些标准可能对教学和参与住房政策和发展的从业者都感兴趣和使用。它清晰、易懂、及时,具有明显的意义。在此基础上,本书为解决一系列住房问题提供了宝贵的贡献,这些问题对我们社会的未来福祉至关重要,而这些问题以前大多是孤立地考虑的。因此,《从灰色到绿色社区》对于那些寻求对发展可持续经济适用住房模式的应用理解的人来说,可能是一本有用的著作。
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引用次数: 1
Yes to the city: millenials and the fight for affordable housing Yes to the city:千禧一代和为经济适用房而战
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2179882
Alistair Sisson
YIMBYism is a rapidly growing phenomenon that can’t be ignored, no matter how many Twitter accounts one mutes. Max Holleran’s Yes to the City is a timely introduction to those who proclaim “yes in my back yard!”; it is, to my knowledge, the first book-length treatment of the subject written by an author who is not a self-described or otherwise identified YIMBY. As YIMBYism spreads, readers can learn much from this book about the movement’s origins, its social composition, its strategies and its tactics. These are lessons that will be useful for understanding and responding to its emergence in various locales, whether one is a disciple or a critic. YIMBYism is, in essence, the enthusiastic embrace of higher density residential development and a retort to the much-maligned NIMBY (who I assume needs no introduction). YIMBYs want to remove barriers to densification: primarily zoning restrictions that prohibit denser building but also heritage protections, design standards, and other regulations that impose costs or constraints on the development process. While only a few explicitly oppose non-profit housing, the aim of the YIMBY game is to increase housing supply by lubricating the development process for the private sector. This, they claim, is the best solution to escalating housing costs. For this Holleran credits YIMBYs with “promoting a new framing within the housing debate: concentrating on supplyside mechanisms, working with (not against) developers, and emphasizing the rights of middleclass newcomers to wealthy cities” (p. 161). The novelty of this framing is questionable. Building more to reduce housing costs has been the solution pushed by private property developers for a long time, with great success if the metric is government policy but little if it is affordable homes. We can look to the work of the late great Mike Davis for one example of the framing’s durability: in City of Quartz, Davis wrote that Los Angeles developers in the 1980s responded to the power of NIMBY homeowner groups with
YIMBYism是一个快速增长的现象,无论一个人屏蔽多少推特账户,都不能忽视。马克斯·霍勒兰的《对城市的肯定》是对那些宣称“在我的后院是肯定的!”的人的及时介绍;据我所知,这是一位并非自我描述或以其他方式认同YIMBY的作者对该主题的第一次长篇处理。随着义勇主义的传播,读者可以从这本书中了解到义勇运动的起源、社会构成、策略和策略。这些课程将有助于理解和应对它在不同地区的出现,无论是弟子还是评论家。YIMBYism本质上是对更高密度住宅开发的热情拥抱,也是对备受诟病的NIMBY(我认为他不需要介绍)的反驳。YIMBY希望消除密集化的障碍:主要是禁止密集建筑的分区限制,还有遗产保护、设计标准和其他对开发过程施加成本或限制的法规。虽然只有少数人明确反对非营利住房,但YIMBY游戏的目的是通过润滑私营部门的发展进程来增加住房供应。他们声称,这是解决住房成本上升的最佳方案。为此,Holleran称赞YIMBY“在住房辩论中推动了一个新的框架:专注于供应方机制,与(而不是反对)开发商合作,并强调富裕城市中产阶级新来者的权利”(第161页)。这种框架的新颖性值得怀疑。长期以来,私人房地产开发商一直在推动建造更多的住房来降低住房成本,如果衡量标准是政府政策,那么会取得巨大成功,但如果是经济适用房,那么就会收效甚微。我们可以从已故伟大的迈克·戴维斯的作品中寻找框架耐久性的一个例子:在《石英城》中,戴维斯写道,20世纪80年代的洛杉矶开发商对NIMBY房主团体的力量做出了回应
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引用次数: 0
Routledge Handbook of Regional Design Routledge区域设计手册
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2179884
D. O’Hare
Adkins, L., Konings, M., and Cooper, M., 2020. The Asset Economy: Property Ownership and the New Logic of Inequality. Medford: Polity Press. Christophers, B., 2021. A tale of two inequalities: Housing-wealth inequality and tenure inequality. Environment and planning a: economy and space, 53 (3), 573–594. Davis, M., 2006. City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. 2nd ed. London: Verso. Davis, M., 2018. Old Gods, New Enigmas: Marx’s Lost Theory. London: Verso. McDonald, P.R. 2020. Inside Game: California YIMBY, Scott Wiener, and Big Tech’s Troubling Housing Push. Housing Is a Human Right. Accessed 16th January 2023 via https://housinghumanrt.medium.com/inside-gamecalifornia-yimby-scott-wiener-and-big-techs-troubling-housing-push-e4b1c1a0f046. Nygaard, C., et al. 2022. Filtering as a source of low-income housing in Australia: Conceptualisation and testing. Ahuri final report No. 387. Smith, N., 1996. The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. London: Routledge.
Adkins,L.、Konings,M.和Cooper,M.,2020。资产经济:产权与不平等的新逻辑。梅德福德:政治出版社。Christophers,B.,2021。两个不平等的故事:住房财富不平等和保有权不平等。环境与规划a:经济与空间,53(3),573–594。Davis,M.,2006年。石英城:挖掘洛杉矶的未来。第2版伦敦:Verso。Davis,M.,2018。旧神,新谜:马克思的失落理论。伦敦:Verso。McDonald,P.R.2020。游戏内幕:加州YIMBY,Scott Wiener和大型科技公司的艰难住房推动。住房是一项人权。访问日期:2023年1月16日通过https://housinghumanrt.medium.com/inside-gamecalifornia-yimby-scott-wiener-and-big-techs-troubling-housing-push-e4b1c1a0f046.Nygaard,C.等人,2022。过滤作为澳大利亚低收入住房的来源:概念化和测试。阿胡里最后报告第387号。Smith,N.,1996。新的城市前沿:绅士化与改造主义城市。伦敦:劳特利奇。
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引用次数: 0
Community Engagement and Diverse River Values: A Case Study of Dyarubbin 社区参与与多样化的河流价值观——以Dyarubbin为例
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2022.2155131
Elise Frost, Miriam J. Williams, J. McLean
ABSTRACT This paper draws on the example of Dyarubbin (Nepean River), an urban river in Sydney, Australia, to illuminate how community engagement facilitates the expression of diverse river values. Combining Indigenous water justice, critical planning scholarship, and a scalar approach to values, and drawing on qualitative research conducted in 2021, we discuss how diverse community values have been represented in strategies for the river and consider which values are overlooked in these processes. We conclude by arguing that values for Dyarubbin are contested and diverse, however the rigid nature of engagement frameworks and the scalar nature of government responsibilities have reduced engagement’s influence on planning outcomes.
摘要本文以澳大利亚悉尼的城市河流Dyarubbin(尼泊尔河)为例,阐述社区参与如何促进不同河流价值观的表达。结合土著水正义、批判性规划学术和价值观的标量方法,并借鉴2021年进行的定性研究,我们讨论了不同的社区价值观如何在河流战略中得到体现,并考虑在这些过程中哪些价值观被忽视了。我们最后认为,Dyarubbin的价值观是有争议的和多样化的,然而,参与框架的刚性和政府责任的标量性质降低了参与对规划结果的影响。
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引用次数: 1
The Post-Pandemic Central Business District (CBD): Re-Imagining the Creative City? 疫情后的中央商务区:重塑创意城市?
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2022.2155130
Chrissie Gibson, Christopher R Brennan-Horley, Nicole Cook, P. McGuirk, Andrew Warren, Peta Wolifson
ABSTRACT After central business districts (CBD) emptied from COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns and widespread working-from-home, culture and creativity feature prominently within recovery strategies, enrolling the arts and events to enliven urban precincts and attract people back into city centres. We draw upon resilience theory and creative city policymaking to critique present formulations of CBD revitalisation, and suggest alternatives. Despite overtures to social inclusion and environmental sustainability, revitalisation strategies mobilise pre-existing “vehicular ideas” that support corporate business interests in and claims on central city space. We articulate concerns around inclusivity, financial and property interests, creativity as consumption rather than production, livelihood concerns, and underwhelming acknowledgement of pandemic disruption. Instead of placing creativity in service of the competitive positioning of the CBD, we ask: what is the very purpose of the post-pandemic CBD, and who is the CBD for? Answering these questions invitesmore courageous propositions that seize once-in-a-generation opportunities for transformational change.
在中央商务区(CBD)因COVID-19大流行封锁和广泛的在家工作而清空后,文化和创意在恢复战略中占据突出地位,通过艺术和活动来活跃城市区域,吸引人们回到城市中心。我们利用弹性理论和创造性城市政策来批判目前CBD振兴的方案,并提出替代方案。尽管提出了社会包容和环境可持续性的建议,但振兴战略调动了原有的“车辆理念”,支持企业在城市中心空间的商业利益和主张。我们表达了对包容性、金融和财产利益、创造力作为消费而非生产、生计问题以及对大流行破坏的平淡承认等方面的担忧。我们没有将创造性用于为生物多样性公约的竞争定位服务,而是问:大流行后生物多样性公约的目的是什么?生物多样性公约为谁服务?回答这些问题需要更大胆的主张,抓住千载难逢的转型变革机会。
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引用次数: 5
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Urban Policy and Research
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