Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2198289
Karien Dekker
"Migration and Urban Transitions in Australia." Urban Policy and Research, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2
“澳大利亚的移民和城市转型”。《城市政策与研究》，印刷前，第1-2页
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Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2198287
W. Sarkissian
“Planning Wild Cities” is a thoughtful and stylish book by Wendy Steele. Interlaced with her analyses are potent references to contemporary music. Beautiful photographs by her son and partner illustrate this book. Particularly compelling is a “bushfire” painting by Melanie Nightingale. In the introduction, Steele pens a powerful personal story about how she and her partner escaped a terrifying bushfire during the Black Summer of 2020. She claims they had “nowhere to go” and cries, “But where to now?” This introduction is powerful, relevant, experiential, heartfelt, passionate, engaged, and embodied. Steele tells us: “We are beginning to understand that in the context of anthropogenic or human-induced climate change, it is ‘we’ who are on fire”. She identifies the critical value of engagement as she sadly points out: “Little in Australia’s engagement with climate change has changed”. Steele systematically guides us through the weaknesses of the modernist planning project. Her current references are most valuable to the researcher. She thoroughly analyzes the causes and manifestations of Australia’s climate emergency (an area in which she is clearly an expert). She enumerates the multiple ways that planning fails Nature. While valuable, this analysis is not new or about “wildness”. Planning academics have been painfully slow to catch on, while environmental ethicists and Nature writers have been across these issues for decades. Nevertheless, Steels convincingly summarises the well-documented failures of urban planning concerning Nature. Her discussion of “borders” in Chapter 2 conjures compelling images of new ways of conceptualising living at the margins and “the borderlands”. However, Steele buries the notion of “wildness” in familiar analyses of planning’s many well-documented failures. Chapter 4, a discussion of the planning of South Australia’s 1950s new town, Elizabeth, raises the question: “what’s this got to do with wildness?” Government planners sacrificed outer suburban farmland to create this model of the British New Town to house families of immigrants working in a car factory. Direct experience of Elizabeth over many decades suggests that whatever is currently amiss in Elizabeth probably has little to do with wildness. Steele then reminds us: “For we are the wild city. The present’s bleeding heart. How to speak of its aliveness?” Sadly, she fails to address the bigger question: “How to listen to its wildness?” Indeed, that activity must precede speaking of (or for) it in planning contexts. Steele claims, “We are situated in damaged and wounded country”. Her problematic solution for planners of wild cities is stewardship. We should try to avoid this deeply anthropocentric concept in writing about planning. It originated in traditions long central to Judaism, Christianity and Islam. (Not to mention colonialism.) This discussion prompts me to ask, how can we possibly respect “the wild” if we continue to affirm that humans are the peak of
{"title":"Planning Wild Cities","authors":"W. Sarkissian","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2023.2198287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2023.2198287","url":null,"abstract":"“Planning Wild Cities” is a thoughtful and stylish book by Wendy Steele. Interlaced with her analyses are potent references to contemporary music. Beautiful photographs by her son and partner illustrate this book. Particularly compelling is a “bushfire” painting by Melanie Nightingale. In the introduction, Steele pens a powerful personal story about how she and her partner escaped a terrifying bushfire during the Black Summer of 2020. She claims they had “nowhere to go” and cries, “But where to now?” This introduction is powerful, relevant, experiential, heartfelt, passionate, engaged, and embodied. Steele tells us: “We are beginning to understand that in the context of anthropogenic or human-induced climate change, it is ‘we’ who are on fire”. She identifies the critical value of engagement as she sadly points out: “Little in Australia’s engagement with climate change has changed”. Steele systematically guides us through the weaknesses of the modernist planning project. Her current references are most valuable to the researcher. She thoroughly analyzes the causes and manifestations of Australia’s climate emergency (an area in which she is clearly an expert). She enumerates the multiple ways that planning fails Nature. While valuable, this analysis is not new or about “wildness”. Planning academics have been painfully slow to catch on, while environmental ethicists and Nature writers have been across these issues for decades. Nevertheless, Steels convincingly summarises the well-documented failures of urban planning concerning Nature. Her discussion of “borders” in Chapter 2 conjures compelling images of new ways of conceptualising living at the margins and “the borderlands”. However, Steele buries the notion of “wildness” in familiar analyses of planning’s many well-documented failures. Chapter 4, a discussion of the planning of South Australia’s 1950s new town, Elizabeth, raises the question: “what’s this got to do with wildness?” Government planners sacrificed outer suburban farmland to create this model of the British New Town to house families of immigrants working in a car factory. Direct experience of Elizabeth over many decades suggests that whatever is currently amiss in Elizabeth probably has little to do with wildness. Steele then reminds us: “For we are the wild city. The present’s bleeding heart. How to speak of its aliveness?” Sadly, she fails to address the bigger question: “How to listen to its wildness?” Indeed, that activity must precede speaking of (or for) it in planning contexts. Steele claims, “We are situated in damaged and wounded country”. Her problematic solution for planners of wild cities is stewardship. We should try to avoid this deeply anthropocentric concept in writing about planning. It originated in traditions long central to Judaism, Christianity and Islam. (Not to mention colonialism.) This discussion prompts me to ask, how can we possibly respect “the wild” if we continue to affirm that humans are the peak of ","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44960674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2198550
Merrick Morley, Elek Pafka
ABSTRACT The pursuit of 20-minute neighbourhoods has been recently combined with calls for “density done well”. However, this catch-phrase is not well defined in planning policy and there is little understanding of what is being meant by it. This article investigates its meanings and how it may or may not contribute towards more liveable cities. Semi-structured interviews and analysis of participants’ examples showed a multiplicity of nuanced and diverse meanings, the catch-phrase serving as an empty signifier. This reveals the pitfalls of masking divergent desires through linguistic tactics, but also the opportunities for mediating them through a less reductionist discourse.
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Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2186850
L. Johnson, Meg Mundell
ABSTRACT Geelong’s economic resilience has been evident for decades as it transitioned from a manufacturing to a service centre. This transformation largely unfolded during Australian governments’ embrace of neo-liberal policies which are usually associated with the State’s withdrawal from active economic intervention. A close examination of the Geelong experience, however, shows the State as a key actor, intervening through direct employment, targeted industry support, economic restructuring and decentralisation policies. Our analysis suggests a need to recentre the role of the interventionist State in conceptualisations of economic and social resilience while adding a nuanced regional dimension understandings of neo-liberalism in Australia.
{"title":"Regional Resilience and an Interventionist State: The Case of Geelong, Victoria, 1990–2020","authors":"L. Johnson, Meg Mundell","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2023.2186850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2023.2186850","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Geelong’s economic resilience has been evident for decades as it transitioned from a manufacturing to a service centre. This transformation largely unfolded during Australian governments’ embrace of neo-liberal policies which are usually associated with the State’s withdrawal from active economic intervention. A close examination of the Geelong experience, however, shows the State as a key actor, intervening through direct employment, targeted industry support, economic restructuring and decentralisation policies. Our analysis suggests a need to recentre the role of the interventionist State in conceptualisations of economic and social resilience while adding a nuanced regional dimension understandings of neo-liberalism in Australia.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48404789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2192917
T. Denham, C. Hamilton, J. Kellett, P. Maginn, Kirsten Martinus, J. Dodson
ABSTRACT The infrastructure deficit, continued population growth and expanding urbanisation at the fringe of cities has been the subject of criticism, however, it remains important to consider how best to address the social, economic, health and environmental issues. This practice review sets out a method for multi-criteria analysis of infrastructure project proposals in outer suburban growth areas, undertaken by an independent team with knowledge of the issues. As a result, it provides insights into how to provide a cost-effective and systematic input into infrastructure prioritisation processes and investment advocacy, and as a result support local government in addressing infrastructure requirements.
{"title":"Project Assessment for Local Government Advocacy","authors":"T. Denham, C. Hamilton, J. Kellett, P. Maginn, Kirsten Martinus, J. Dodson","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2023.2192917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2023.2192917","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The infrastructure deficit, continued population growth and expanding urbanisation at the fringe of cities has been the subject of criticism, however, it remains important to consider how best to address the social, economic, health and environmental issues. This practice review sets out a method for multi-criteria analysis of infrastructure project proposals in outer suburban growth areas, undertaken by an independent team with knowledge of the issues. As a result, it provides insights into how to provide a cost-effective and systematic input into infrastructure prioritisation processes and investment advocacy, and as a result support local government in addressing infrastructure requirements.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49543124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2188660
S. Sturup
{"title":"Urban awakenings: disturbance and enchantment in the industrial city","authors":"S. Sturup","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2023.2188660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2023.2188660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45709327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-12DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2188659
Yuan Wei
{"title":"Every Place Matters: Towards Effective Place-Based Policy","authors":"Yuan Wei","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2023.2188659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2023.2188659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47519035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2167818
Yogi Vidyattama, Jinjing Li, R. Tanton, H. A. La
ABSTRACT A tax reform introduced by the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Government in 2012 aimed to ease the barrier of owning a home by replacing stamp duty with a broad-based general rates and land tax. This article assesses on the impact of this reform on the ability of low-income families to buy a house using a microsimulation model. The results show that tax reform has increased property turnover and reduced the amounts paid for stamp duty and rates for most groups of vulnerable families in the ACT. However, extreme increases in house prices may offset this gain for vulnerable families.
{"title":"Changing Housing Taxation Composition: A Review of Policy in the Australian Capital Territory","authors":"Yogi Vidyattama, Jinjing Li, R. Tanton, H. A. La","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2023.2167818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2023.2167818","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A tax reform introduced by the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Government in 2012 aimed to ease the barrier of owning a home by replacing stamp duty with a broad-based general rates and land tax. This article assesses on the impact of this reform on the ability of low-income families to buy a house using a microsimulation model. The results show that tax reform has increased property turnover and reduced the amounts paid for stamp duty and rates for most groups of vulnerable families in the ACT. However, extreme increases in house prices may offset this gain for vulnerable families.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48639008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2193590
M. Swapan, A. Alam, D. Rogers, Donna Houston, M. Lobo, Zahra Nasreen
Historically, global pandemics have made profound impacts on cities that lasted for generations and pushed us to reflect on and rethink how cities are lived, planned and re-oriented. The many disruptions brought in by each pandemic challenged urban growth patterns, policies and the status quo of that particular time. For example, we observed significant changes in planning and environmental control regulations in London and other European cities in the aftermath of the Great Fire in1666 [‘The great sanitary awakening’ (Winslow 1923)]. The most recent one, COVID-19 has caused unprecedented shifts in our urban life through changing mobility patterns, new forms of urban governance and pandemic response which have prompted critical questions of contemporary understandings and approaches to planning for resilient urban formations not only in relation to the city but also its hinterland areas and beyond, regional and rural centres (Ali et al. 2022, Alam and Nel 2023). While modern cities are facing complex and wicked problems, particularly in the face of climate change and the embrace of smart technologies, the outbreak of COVID-19 has been dramatic, putting urban policymakers, scholars, citizens and planners on a “pressure test” for rethinking urban planning trends, as well as highlighting existing and emergent deficiencies [Brockhoff, J. cited in Johnston (2020)]. COVID-19 cities are amplifying dialectical characteristics of invisibility and visibility, privilege and privation, selfishness and solidarity, and absence and presence (Rogers et al. 2020). In the past few years, urban life has been redefined by the ‘non-clinical panacea’ (Nahiduzzaman 2020) such as ‘lockdown’ ‘stay home’, ‘quarantine’, ‘self-isolation’, ‘social distancing’, ‘working from home’, ‘telehealth’, and ‘online shopping’. As an immediate effect, there is an unprecedented reduction in urban mobility due to the lockdown of activities, introduction of working from home and limited or online shopping. A recent survey shows around 88% of Australian employers encouraged or required their employees to work from home (Mitchell 2020). According to Grattan Institute, the crowds in the CBD of major cities on the east coast fell to a fifth or less during the height of the lockdowns (Kurmelovs 2020). This follows similar patterns of pedestrian and transport movement in major cities around the globe. For example, in London, Moscow, New York, Singapore and Milan, mobility dropped down as close to as 10% of trips during the peak of the pandemic (March 3May 5, 2020) (Statista 2020). On a positive note, a 28.3% decline in carbon emissions was recorded in Australian cities during April 2020 (Harvey 2020). The unprecedented shifts in daily urban life have prompted urban researchers and thinkers to explore ‘what a future city could look like’ (Cayford 2020). By recapturing many old debates around city structure, density, housing, social fabric, public/private space and parks, COVID-19 has compelled u
从历史上看，全球大流行病对城市产生了持续几代人的深远影响，促使我们反思和重新思考城市的居住、规划和重新定位方式。每次大流行病带来的许多破坏都对当时的城市增长模式、政策和现状提出了挑战。例如，我们观察到在1666年伦敦大火之后，伦敦和其他欧洲城市的规划和环境控制法规发生了重大变化[“卫生大觉醒”(Winslow 1923)]。最近的一次，COVID-19通过改变流动模式、新的城市治理形式和大流行应对措施，给我们的城市生活带来了前所未有的变化，这引发了当代理解和规划弹性城市形成方法的关键问题，不仅与城市有关，而且与城市腹地及其他地区、区域和农村中心有关(Ali等人，2022;Alam和Nel 2023)。虽然现代城市面临着复杂而棘手的问题，特别是在气候变化和智能技术的应用方面，但2019冠状病毒病的爆发令人震惊，使城市政策制定者、学者、市民和规划者面临着重新思考城市规划趋势的“压力测试”，并突出了现有和新出现的不足[Brockhoff, J. cited in Johnston(2020)]。新冠肺炎城市正在放大隐形与可见、特权与贫困、自私与团结、缺席与存在的辩证特征(Rogers et al. 2020)。在过去几年中，城市生活被“非临床灵丹妙药”(Nahiduzzaman 2020)重新定义，如“封锁”、“呆在家里”、“隔离”、“自我隔离”、“保持社交距离”、“在家工作”、“远程医疗”和“网上购物”。直接的影响是，由于活动的封锁、在家工作的引入以及限时购物或网上购物，城市流动性空前减少。最近的一项调查显示，约88%的澳大利亚雇主鼓励或要求员工在家工作(Mitchell 2020)。根据格拉坦研究所的数据，在封锁最严重的时候，东海岸主要城市中央商务区的人群减少了五分之一或更少(Kurmelovs 2020)。这与全球主要城市的行人和交通运动模式相似。例如，在伦敦、莫斯科、纽约、新加坡和米兰，在疫情高峰期(2020年3月3日至5月5日)，出行人数下降了近10% (Statista 2020)。积极的一面是，2020年4月，澳大利亚城市的碳排放量下降了28.3%(哈维2020)。城市日常生活中前所未有的变化促使城市研究人员和思想家探索“未来城市可能是什么样子”(Cayford 2020)。COVID-19重新引发了围绕城市结构、密度、住房、社会结构、公共/私人空间和公园的许多旧辩论，迫使我们重新思考城市设计和政策如何转变，以及如何提供更具弹性和“大流行安全”的城市形态。关于后covid -19城市的关键辩论之一引发了以下问题的讨论:通过增强韧性来应对当前和未来危机的首选城市形式是紧凑型城市还是低密度郊区?一些学者强调，低密度住房可以实践社会距离，并通过在家工作的文化转变来重振郊区中心。部分人口密集城市传播风险大，人口死亡率高
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2165630
P. Shrestha
appeared to come primarily from the green criteria’s proponents. Scholars may also find concern with the use of anecdotes. For example, to highlight the poor condition of existing “grey” housing, the author describes the plight of a child too exhausted to study at school due to his nightly guard duty protecting working family members from rat attack. While not doubting the truth of the story, it is also unlikely to be a typical experience of low-income housing tenants in most of the OECD. Issues of affordability and poor housing standards are dire enough for more typical depictions without the need to highlight such outliers. Conceptually, the book could be expanded to consider broader drivers for many of the issues presented. It instead seems to follow a standard view that housing affordability issues primarily relate to the supply/demand models of classical economics, rather than matters of money supply and the role of housing as a financialised asset (Sisson et al., 2019). In Australia for example, the existing and approved supply of housing suggests our affordability crisis is more much more complex (Murray, 2021). It would have also been interesting to see an assessment of the rate at which “green” housing can realistically be provided, and therefore the extent to which such an incremental approach can meaningfully contribute to improving climate outcomes within the urgent timeframes required. Because of its approach to research and straight-forward conceptual underpinnings, the book is perhaps less useful to researchers than it otherwise could be. That said, such criticisms should be qualified by a consideration of its clear intent; Bourland’s work is highly pragmatic in nature and almost certainly designed to be most comprehendible to a broader audience. The book provides many applied examples of implementation of successful and sustainable affordable housing developments. It also describes and justifies a well utilised and refined set of housing criteria that are likely of interest and use both for instruction, and for practitioners involved in housing policy and development. It is clear, accessible, timely, and has obvious significance. On this basis, the book provides a valuable contribution towards addressing an array of housing matters that are vital for the future well-being of our society, and which have previously been mostly considered in isolation. Grey to Green Communities is therefore likely to be a useful work for those seeking applied understanding of models for developing sustainable affordable housing.
{"title":"The Invention of the ‘Underclass’: A Study in the Politics of Knowledge","authors":"P. Shrestha","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2023.2165630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2023.2165630","url":null,"abstract":"appeared to come primarily from the green criteria’s proponents. Scholars may also find concern with the use of anecdotes. For example, to highlight the poor condition of existing “grey” housing, the author describes the plight of a child too exhausted to study at school due to his nightly guard duty protecting working family members from rat attack. While not doubting the truth of the story, it is also unlikely to be a typical experience of low-income housing tenants in most of the OECD. Issues of affordability and poor housing standards are dire enough for more typical depictions without the need to highlight such outliers. Conceptually, the book could be expanded to consider broader drivers for many of the issues presented. It instead seems to follow a standard view that housing affordability issues primarily relate to the supply/demand models of classical economics, rather than matters of money supply and the role of housing as a financialised asset (Sisson et al., 2019). In Australia for example, the existing and approved supply of housing suggests our affordability crisis is more much more complex (Murray, 2021). It would have also been interesting to see an assessment of the rate at which “green” housing can realistically be provided, and therefore the extent to which such an incremental approach can meaningfully contribute to improving climate outcomes within the urgent timeframes required. Because of its approach to research and straight-forward conceptual underpinnings, the book is perhaps less useful to researchers than it otherwise could be. That said, such criticisms should be qualified by a consideration of its clear intent; Bourland’s work is highly pragmatic in nature and almost certainly designed to be most comprehendible to a broader audience. The book provides many applied examples of implementation of successful and sustainable affordable housing developments. It also describes and justifies a well utilised and refined set of housing criteria that are likely of interest and use both for instruction, and for practitioners involved in housing policy and development. It is clear, accessible, timely, and has obvious significance. On this basis, the book provides a valuable contribution towards addressing an array of housing matters that are vital for the future well-being of our society, and which have previously been mostly considered in isolation. Grey to Green Communities is therefore likely to be a useful work for those seeking applied understanding of models for developing sustainable affordable housing.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44757780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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