Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2022.2103669
Christina Hanna, I. White, Xinyu Fu, Kiri Crossland, S. Serrao‐Neumann
ABSTRACT This paper analyses Aotearoa-New Zealand’s “shovel-ready fund” to assess if, and how, blue–green infrastructure systems were present in bids from its largest city regions. Findings indicate a greater prevalence in areas with existing spatial plans, and while there was some consideration of climate resilience, there was no real acknowledgement of the pandemic or human health. More positively, there was some evidence of unique indigenous influences that have potential to develop more inclusive and holistic blue–green infrastructure initiatives. The overall response, however, demonstrates a disjointed approach to blue–green infrastructure-related projects, and a missed opportunity for a more transformative response to the climate crisis and human health emergencies.
{"title":"Green or Grey Pandemic Recovery? Revealing the Blue–Green Infrastructure Influences in Aotearoa-New Zealand’s “Shovel Ready” Covid-19 Response","authors":"Christina Hanna, I. White, Xinyu Fu, Kiri Crossland, S. Serrao‐Neumann","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2103669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2103669","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyses Aotearoa-New Zealand’s “shovel-ready fund” to assess if, and how, blue–green infrastructure systems were present in bids from its largest city regions. Findings indicate a greater prevalence in areas with existing spatial plans, and while there was some consideration of climate resilience, there was no real acknowledgement of the pandemic or human health. More positively, there was some evidence of unique indigenous influences that have potential to develop more inclusive and holistic blue–green infrastructure initiatives. The overall response, however, demonstrates a disjointed approach to blue–green infrastructure-related projects, and a missed opportunity for a more transformative response to the climate crisis and human health emergencies.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"38 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48845787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2022.2093181
B. Middha
ABSTRACT Urban food infrastructures are oft-forgotten as crucial for sustainability transitions. This ethnographic case study explores the eating spaces of an inner-city university to assess its sustainability outcomes. By considering knowledge as embedded in and through social practices as “general understandings”, the paper argues that the neo-liberal organisation of eating spaces understands campus spaces as assets, conceives students as individualistic consumers, and outsources sustainability initiatives. The paper contends that these understandings have established a dominant pathway for retail prioritised, gentrified and uni-functional eating spaces, marginalising some existing hybrid and convivial food infrastructures that may be pathways for sustainable and just outcomes.
{"title":"Urban Food Infrastructures: The Role of Inner-City Universities","authors":"B. Middha","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2093181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2093181","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urban food infrastructures are oft-forgotten as crucial for sustainability transitions. This ethnographic case study explores the eating spaces of an inner-city university to assess its sustainability outcomes. By considering knowledge as embedded in and through social practices as “general understandings”, the paper argues that the neo-liberal organisation of eating spaces understands campus spaces as assets, conceives students as individualistic consumers, and outsources sustainability initiatives. The paper contends that these understandings have established a dominant pathway for retail prioritised, gentrified and uni-functional eating spaces, marginalising some existing hybrid and convivial food infrastructures that may be pathways for sustainable and just outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"236 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42843176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2022.2093184
Melissa Pineda-Pinto, N. Frantzeskaki, M. Chandrabose, Pablo Herreros-Cantis, T. McPhearson, C. Nygaard, Christopher Raymond
ABSTRACT This paper presents a typology of ecological injustice hotspots for targeted design of nature-based solutions to guide planning and designing of just cities. The typology demonstrates how the needs and capabilities of nonhuman nature can be embedded within transitions to multi- and interspecies relational futures that regenerate and protect urban social-ecological systems. We synthesise the findings of previous quantitative and qualitative analyses to develop the Ecologically Just Cities Framework that (1) works as a diagnostic tool to characterise four types of urban ecological injustices and (2) identifies nature-based planning actions that can best respond to different types of place-based ecological injustices.
{"title":"Planning Ecologically Just Cities: A Framework to Assess Ecological Injustice Hotspots for Targeted Urban Design and Planning of Nature-Based Solutions","authors":"Melissa Pineda-Pinto, N. Frantzeskaki, M. Chandrabose, Pablo Herreros-Cantis, T. McPhearson, C. Nygaard, Christopher Raymond","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2093184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2093184","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents a typology of ecological injustice hotspots for targeted design of nature-based solutions to guide planning and designing of just cities. The typology demonstrates how the needs and capabilities of nonhuman nature can be embedded within transitions to multi- and interspecies relational futures that regenerate and protect urban social-ecological systems. We synthesise the findings of previous quantitative and qualitative analyses to develop the Ecologically Just Cities Framework that (1) works as a diagnostic tool to characterise four types of urban ecological injustices and (2) identifies nature-based planning actions that can best respond to different types of place-based ecological injustices.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"206 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48239402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2022.2060960
S. Dovers
This is the ninth State of Australian (now Australasian) Cities Conference, an event that has grown in in fl uence since it was instigated by urban scholar and advocate Pat Troy in 2003. Despite the honour of being asked to commemorate a great Australian, my given topic for the 2nd Patrick Troy Memorial Lecture was not a joyous gift to receive: (in)equality in our cities. Try a positive angle, or descend into dire statistics and iterations of failed attempts to correct inequality? The latter is depressing, but taking a lead from Pat Troy ’ s decades-long stance, one cannot swerve from the dismal numbers, situation and trajectory. He saw inequality, inequity and injustice as inarguably wrong. In some eyes that stance puts one on the left, but later I suggest that need not be so. But as Pat would always do, one must look to policy answers, and explore how these have not or could be implemented. After a brief, dismal iteration, I will re fl ect on why so many viable policy options to reduce inequality have not proceeded, drawing on a recent cross-policy sector analysis of the preconditions of Australian policy reform. That is a depressing perspective (reform is rare and hard) but also opti-mistic (reforms are possible).
{"title":"Inequality in Australia: The Persistence of Policy Hopes and Failures","authors":"S. Dovers","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2060960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2060960","url":null,"abstract":"This is the ninth State of Australian (now Australasian) Cities Conference, an event that has grown in in fl uence since it was instigated by urban scholar and advocate Pat Troy in 2003. Despite the honour of being asked to commemorate a great Australian, my given topic for the 2nd Patrick Troy Memorial Lecture was not a joyous gift to receive: (in)equality in our cities. Try a positive angle, or descend into dire statistics and iterations of failed attempts to correct inequality? The latter is depressing, but taking a lead from Pat Troy ’ s decades-long stance, one cannot swerve from the dismal numbers, situation and trajectory. He saw inequality, inequity and injustice as inarguably wrong. In some eyes that stance puts one on the left, but later I suggest that need not be so. But as Pat would always do, one must look to policy answers, and explore how these have not or could be implemented. After a brief, dismal iteration, I will re fl ect on why so many viable policy options to reduce inequality have not proceeded, drawing on a recent cross-policy sector analysis of the preconditions of Australian policy reform. That is a depressing perspective (reform is rare and hard) but also opti-mistic (reforms are possible).","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"186 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41901056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2022.2104438
Andrew Allan
tal collaboration will help make cities more “resilient, sustainable, and just” (p. 13). However, many of the technologies and methods, such as the use of data from geo-tagging and geospatial technologies or social media, tell an incomplete story. How people move around in a city or represent themselves online, for instance, are entangled with all sorts of other social factors – gender, ability, age, income, and so on. Even the ways in which one might respond in an interview, a method used by some of the researchers to compare against big data results, is imbued with methodological issues of representation, positionality, and power, which all go unexamined. While we can identify patterns from large pools of data, made possible by big data and digital technologies, using quantitative methods in this way only tells us the outcome (i.e. the most common routes people take) but not the why. Granted, Yadav et al. combine interviews and geo-spatial simulation modelling, in Chapter 21, to construct a “perceptive design” (p. 407) of homelessness in Brisbane, Australia. In the same vein, Osaragi, Yamada, and Kaneko (Chapter 12) compare their simulation of pedestrian behaviour with observations of a university campus and found the results from the twomethods in fact matched. In Chapter 16, Rout and Willet also conduct semi-structured interviews and participatory design sessions with architects (but as a way to understand how their proprietary software technology might benefit practitioners). These papers were the only articles that included qualitative methods as part of the findings, and even so, they were administered to “check” or complement the quantitative data. Further research on these topics should incorporate qualitative methods, beyond using it to confirm quantitative findings, but to produce conflicting and nuanced research. With only a few out of the thirty chapters in the book that implement some sort of qualitative method, the book clearly favours quantitative research. Big data alone can be highly impersonal and generalising; and failing to capture and understand the complexity of human behaviours can have detrimental impact on planning outcomes, financially, politically, and socially. Urban scholars also need to reconsider the role of academia. The researchers in this book believe that universities, governments, and private enterprises should collaborate on the delivery of urban informatics. However, academia must not be a place for governments and businesses to seek out, to gain evidence that reinforce certain agendas. Instead, academics must play the role of arbiter and question these relationships to ensure the research is in favour of people, the environment, and the future, and not just for governments and business elites. A healthy sense of caution is necessary toward research that claims using data on human subjects will help governments and businesses succeed, even if it insinuates that broader society advances as well. We must remin
{"title":"Managing the Marketplace: Reinventing Shopping Centres in Post-War History","authors":"Andrew Allan","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2104438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2104438","url":null,"abstract":"tal collaboration will help make cities more “resilient, sustainable, and just” (p. 13). However, many of the technologies and methods, such as the use of data from geo-tagging and geospatial technologies or social media, tell an incomplete story. How people move around in a city or represent themselves online, for instance, are entangled with all sorts of other social factors – gender, ability, age, income, and so on. Even the ways in which one might respond in an interview, a method used by some of the researchers to compare against big data results, is imbued with methodological issues of representation, positionality, and power, which all go unexamined. While we can identify patterns from large pools of data, made possible by big data and digital technologies, using quantitative methods in this way only tells us the outcome (i.e. the most common routes people take) but not the why. Granted, Yadav et al. combine interviews and geo-spatial simulation modelling, in Chapter 21, to construct a “perceptive design” (p. 407) of homelessness in Brisbane, Australia. In the same vein, Osaragi, Yamada, and Kaneko (Chapter 12) compare their simulation of pedestrian behaviour with observations of a university campus and found the results from the twomethods in fact matched. In Chapter 16, Rout and Willet also conduct semi-structured interviews and participatory design sessions with architects (but as a way to understand how their proprietary software technology might benefit practitioners). These papers were the only articles that included qualitative methods as part of the findings, and even so, they were administered to “check” or complement the quantitative data. Further research on these topics should incorporate qualitative methods, beyond using it to confirm quantitative findings, but to produce conflicting and nuanced research. With only a few out of the thirty chapters in the book that implement some sort of qualitative method, the book clearly favours quantitative research. Big data alone can be highly impersonal and generalising; and failing to capture and understand the complexity of human behaviours can have detrimental impact on planning outcomes, financially, politically, and socially. Urban scholars also need to reconsider the role of academia. The researchers in this book believe that universities, governments, and private enterprises should collaborate on the delivery of urban informatics. However, academia must not be a place for governments and businesses to seek out, to gain evidence that reinforce certain agendas. Instead, academics must play the role of arbiter and question these relationships to ensure the research is in favour of people, the environment, and the future, and not just for governments and business elites. A healthy sense of caution is necessary toward research that claims using data on human subjects will help governments and businesses succeed, even if it insinuates that broader society advances as well. We must remin","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"274 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42062957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2022.2104440
T. Matthews
{"title":"Ageing in Place – Design, Planning and Policy Response in the Western Asia-Pacific","authors":"T. Matthews","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2104440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2104440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"279 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44740522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2022.2067845
Y. Strengers
ABSTRACT This article makes the case for considering conversational AI devices a critical urban challenge, particularly as the home gains importance in everyday life. Drawing on excerpts from conversations with Alexa – the market-leading digital voice assistant designed and manufactured by Amazon – the article illustrates how this device’s friendly feminine personality masks significant environmental and gender effects. Building on the author’s ongoing research on the smart home, the article considers how the “feminist reboot” proposed by Strengers & Kennedy in The Smart Wife could provide promising routes for urban scholars seeking to disrupt and intervene in the troubling trajectories of feminised AI.
{"title":"AI at Home: An Urgent Urban Policy and Research Agenda","authors":"Y. Strengers","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2067845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2067845","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article makes the case for considering conversational AI devices a critical urban challenge, particularly as the home gains importance in everyday life. Drawing on excerpts from conversations with Alexa – the market-leading digital voice assistant designed and manufactured by Amazon – the article illustrates how this device’s friendly feminine personality masks significant environmental and gender effects. Building on the author’s ongoing research on the smart home, the article considers how the “feminist reboot” proposed by Strengers & Kennedy in The Smart Wife could provide promising routes for urban scholars seeking to disrupt and intervene in the troubling trajectories of feminised AI.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"250 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45550306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2022.2108394
Uncle Bud Marshall, L. Daley, Fabri Blacklock, Sarah Wright
ABSTRACT In so-called Australia, there is growing engagement with cities and towns as spaces of ongoing Indigenous presence and as Indigenous Country. In this paper, led by Gumbaynggirr Custodian Uncle Bud Marshall, we engage with urban(ising) environments through weather, memories and ancestral presences; re-membering weather's agencies, such as winds and seasons, as Country. Through more-than-human relationships, and our places within them, we attend to the ways that weathery presences call urban scholars and practitioners to respond to the fact that no place in Australia, no matter how colonised or urbanised, exists outside of, or separate to, Aboriginal relational ontologies and sovereignties.
{"title":"Re-membering Weather Relations: Urban Environments in and as Country","authors":"Uncle Bud Marshall, L. Daley, Fabri Blacklock, Sarah Wright","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2108394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2108394","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In so-called Australia, there is growing engagement with cities and towns as spaces of ongoing Indigenous presence and as Indigenous Country. In this paper, led by Gumbaynggirr Custodian Uncle Bud Marshall, we engage with urban(ising) environments through weather, memories and ancestral presences; re-membering weather's agencies, such as winds and seasons, as Country. Through more-than-human relationships, and our places within them, we attend to the ways that weathery presences call urban scholars and practitioners to respond to the fact that no place in Australia, no matter how colonised or urbanised, exists outside of, or separate to, Aboriginal relational ontologies and sovereignties.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"223 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44831784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2022.2093183
I. White
ABSTRACT There is barely a field of academic research not subject to crisis claims. Many urban crises span careers and take significant emotional tolls. This is not due to a lack of effort. Academic productivity, as it is typically measured, is rapidly increasing and success claims commonplace. This article reflects critically upon the science-policy interface and interprets the work of Julia Kristeva to discuss the importance of creating “tiny revolts” able to rescale and reframe inquiry, and to problematise success. I argue these revolts hold potential in sustaining ourselves and others, as well as in creating new acts of critical thinking.
{"title":"Reflections on Urban Crises, the Science-Policy Interface and the Importance of “Tiny Revolts”","authors":"I. White","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2093183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2093183","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is barely a field of academic research not subject to crisis claims. Many urban crises span careers and take significant emotional tolls. This is not due to a lack of effort. Academic productivity, as it is typically measured, is rapidly increasing and success claims commonplace. This article reflects critically upon the science-policy interface and interprets the work of Julia Kristeva to discuss the importance of creating “tiny revolts” able to rescale and reframe inquiry, and to problematise success. I argue these revolts hold potential in sustaining ourselves and others, as well as in creating new acts of critical thinking.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"44 7","pages":"195 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41301226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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