Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2236133
J. Hurley, C. Grodach, Declan Martin, Elizabeth Taylor
{"title":"Do Industrial Firms Follow Zoning? Changing Firm Location and the Introduction of Metropolitan Zoning","authors":"J. Hurley, C. Grodach, Declan Martin, Elizabeth Taylor","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2023.2236133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2023.2236133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41809405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When benefiting other beneficiaries, cushion plants may reciprocally receive feedback effects. The feedback effects on different sex morphs, however, remains unclear. In this study, taking the gynodioecious Arenaria polytrichiodes as a model species, we aimed to assess the sex-specific facilitation intensity of cushion plant by measuring the beneficiary cover ratio, and to assess the potential costs in cushion reproductive functions by measuring the flower and fruit cover ratios. The total beneficiary cover ratio was similar between females and hermaphrodites. Females produced much less flowers but more fruits than hermaphrodites. These results suggested that females and hermaphrodites possess similar facilitation intensity, and female cushion A. polytrichoides may allocate more resources saved from pollen production to seed production, while hermaphrodites possibly allocate more resources to pollen production hence reducing seed production. The surface areas covered by beneficiaries produced less flowers and fruits than areas without beneficiaries. In addition, strong negative correlations between beneficiary cover and flower cover were detected for both females and hermaphrodites, but the correlation strength were similar for these two sex morphs. However, the correlation between beneficiary cover and fruit cover was only significantly negative for females, suggesting that beneficiary plants negatively affect fruit reproduction of females while have neutral effects on hermaphrodites. All the results suggest that to facilitate other beneficiaries can induce reproductive costs on cushion A. polytrichoides, with females possibly suffering greater cost than hermaphrodites. Such differentiation in reproductive costs between sex morphs, in long-term perspective, may imply sex imbalance in population dynamics.
{"title":"Sex-specific facilitation and reproduction of the gynodioecious cushion plant <i>Arenaria polytrichoides</i> on the Himalaya-Hengduan mountains, SW China.","authors":"Xufang Chen, Yazhou Zhang, Lishen Qian, Renyu Zhou, Hang Sun, Jianguo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When benefiting other beneficiaries, cushion plants may reciprocally receive feedback effects. The feedback effects on different sex morphs, however, remains unclear. In this study, taking the gynodioecious <i>Arenaria polytrichiodes</i> as a model species, we aimed to assess the sex-specific facilitation intensity of cushion plant by measuring the beneficiary cover ratio, and to assess the potential costs in cushion reproductive functions by measuring the flower and fruit cover ratios. The total beneficiary cover ratio was similar between females and hermaphrodites. Females produced much less flowers but more fruits than hermaphrodites. These results suggested that females and hermaphrodites possess similar facilitation intensity, and female cushion <i>A</i>. <i>polytrichoides</i> may allocate more resources saved from pollen production to seed production, while hermaphrodites possibly allocate more resources to pollen production hence reducing seed production. The surface areas covered by beneficiaries produced less flowers and fruits than areas without beneficiaries. In addition, strong negative correlations between beneficiary cover and flower cover were detected for both females and hermaphrodites, but the correlation strength were similar for these two sex morphs. However, the correlation between beneficiary cover and fruit cover was only significantly negative for females, suggesting that beneficiary plants negatively affect fruit reproduction of females while have neutral effects on hermaphrodites. All the results suggest that to facilitate other beneficiaries can induce reproductive costs on cushion <i>A. polytrichoides</i>, with females possibly suffering greater cost than hermaphrodites. Such differentiation in reproductive costs between sex morphs, in long-term perspective, may imply sex imbalance in population dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"247-255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11128911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81482590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2218079
Matt Novacevski
{"title":"Revealing Story and Healing Rifts: The Potential of Post-Colonial Placemaking","authors":"Matt Novacevski","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2023.2218079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2023.2218079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46897134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2217562
F. Aminpour
bakeries were not only permitted land uses, but virtually unrestricted in terms of their operations. “Arbitrary Lines: How Zoning Broke the American City and How to Fix It” balances technical language with non-technical language rather well and would make a good supplement to any university curriculum in planning. Critical readers will no doubt be tempted to see Gray’s argument as a libertarian Trojan Horse, meaning that if cities are quick to discard zoning, they may inadvertently be supporting the interests of private capital, whose rapid deployment in densification projects would no doubt upset the existing urban fabric. Maybe this is a good thing in addressing the ills that Gray has expounded, but maybe not. Surely the issue of zoning remains a complex one, and this book will undoubtedly catalyse salient conversations of this nature in the policy world, piquing the interests of YIMBYs and NIMBYs alike. I would recommend this book to the interested public, or to planners grappling with many of the issues that Gray recounts: sprawl, segregation, affordability, or overly restrictive land use rules. After reading the book, I too find myself partially convinced: maybe it is high time to reconsider zoning in our cities?
{"title":"Planning Cities with Young People and Schools: Forging Justice, Generating Joy","authors":"F. Aminpour","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2023.2217562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2023.2217562","url":null,"abstract":"bakeries were not only permitted land uses, but virtually unrestricted in terms of their operations. “Arbitrary Lines: How Zoning Broke the American City and How to Fix It” balances technical language with non-technical language rather well and would make a good supplement to any university curriculum in planning. Critical readers will no doubt be tempted to see Gray’s argument as a libertarian Trojan Horse, meaning that if cities are quick to discard zoning, they may inadvertently be supporting the interests of private capital, whose rapid deployment in densification projects would no doubt upset the existing urban fabric. Maybe this is a good thing in addressing the ills that Gray has expounded, but maybe not. Surely the issue of zoning remains a complex one, and this book will undoubtedly catalyse salient conversations of this nature in the policy world, piquing the interests of YIMBYs and NIMBYs alike. I would recommend this book to the interested public, or to planners grappling with many of the issues that Gray recounts: sprawl, segregation, affordability, or overly restrictive land use rules. After reading the book, I too find myself partially convinced: maybe it is high time to reconsider zoning in our cities?","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"348 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47777122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2198291
T. Sigler
Zoning has broken American cities, argues M. Nolan Gray in his recent book Arbitrary Lines: How Zoning Broke the American City and How to Fix It. The answer, Gray argues, is to discard America’s current zoning system in favour of a more libertarian approach focussed on discrete issues such as noise, pollution and other disamenities that were, in fact, the ostensible justification for the implementation of zoning in the first place. Though the main message of Gray’s argument runs throughout the book’s eleven chapters, the punchline – spoiler alert – comes in the conclusion:
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Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91331-1
K. Dekker
{"title":"Migration and Urban Transitions in Australia","authors":"K. Dekker","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-91331-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91331-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"345 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45451874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2198289
Karien Dekker
"Migration and Urban Transitions in Australia." Urban Policy and Research, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2
“澳大利亚的移民和城市转型”。《城市政策与研究》，印刷前，第1-2页
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Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2198287
W. Sarkissian
“Planning Wild Cities” is a thoughtful and stylish book by Wendy Steele. Interlaced with her analyses are potent references to contemporary music. Beautiful photographs by her son and partner illustrate this book. Particularly compelling is a “bushfire” painting by Melanie Nightingale. In the introduction, Steele pens a powerful personal story about how she and her partner escaped a terrifying bushfire during the Black Summer of 2020. She claims they had “nowhere to go” and cries, “But where to now?” This introduction is powerful, relevant, experiential, heartfelt, passionate, engaged, and embodied. Steele tells us: “We are beginning to understand that in the context of anthropogenic or human-induced climate change, it is ‘we’ who are on fire”. She identifies the critical value of engagement as she sadly points out: “Little in Australia’s engagement with climate change has changed”. Steele systematically guides us through the weaknesses of the modernist planning project. Her current references are most valuable to the researcher. She thoroughly analyzes the causes and manifestations of Australia’s climate emergency (an area in which she is clearly an expert). She enumerates the multiple ways that planning fails Nature. While valuable, this analysis is not new or about “wildness”. Planning academics have been painfully slow to catch on, while environmental ethicists and Nature writers have been across these issues for decades. Nevertheless, Steels convincingly summarises the well-documented failures of urban planning concerning Nature. Her discussion of “borders” in Chapter 2 conjures compelling images of new ways of conceptualising living at the margins and “the borderlands”. However, Steele buries the notion of “wildness” in familiar analyses of planning’s many well-documented failures. Chapter 4, a discussion of the planning of South Australia’s 1950s new town, Elizabeth, raises the question: “what’s this got to do with wildness?” Government planners sacrificed outer suburban farmland to create this model of the British New Town to house families of immigrants working in a car factory. Direct experience of Elizabeth over many decades suggests that whatever is currently amiss in Elizabeth probably has little to do with wildness. Steele then reminds us: “For we are the wild city. The present’s bleeding heart. How to speak of its aliveness?” Sadly, she fails to address the bigger question: “How to listen to its wildness?” Indeed, that activity must precede speaking of (or for) it in planning contexts. Steele claims, “We are situated in damaged and wounded country”. Her problematic solution for planners of wild cities is stewardship. We should try to avoid this deeply anthropocentric concept in writing about planning. It originated in traditions long central to Judaism, Christianity and Islam. (Not to mention colonialism.) This discussion prompts me to ask, how can we possibly respect “the wild” if we continue to affirm that humans are the peak of
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Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2198550
Merrick Morley, Elek Pafka
ABSTRACT The pursuit of 20-minute neighbourhoods has been recently combined with calls for “density done well”. However, this catch-phrase is not well defined in planning policy and there is little understanding of what is being meant by it. This article investigates its meanings and how it may or may not contribute towards more liveable cities. Semi-structured interviews and analysis of participants’ examples showed a multiplicity of nuanced and diverse meanings, the catch-phrase serving as an empty signifier. This reveals the pitfalls of masking divergent desires through linguistic tactics, but also the opportunities for mediating them through a less reductionist discourse.
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Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08111146.2023.2186850
L. Johnson, Meg Mundell
ABSTRACT Geelong’s economic resilience has been evident for decades as it transitioned from a manufacturing to a service centre. This transformation largely unfolded during Australian governments’ embrace of neo-liberal policies which are usually associated with the State’s withdrawal from active economic intervention. A close examination of the Geelong experience, however, shows the State as a key actor, intervening through direct employment, targeted industry support, economic restructuring and decentralisation policies. Our analysis suggests a need to recentre the role of the interventionist State in conceptualisations of economic and social resilience while adding a nuanced regional dimension understandings of neo-liberalism in Australia.
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