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A comparative analysis of Covid-19-related prejudice: the United States, Spain, Italy, and New Zealand 新冠肺炎相关偏见对比分析:美国、西班牙、意大利和新西兰
IF 1.3 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2021.1885371
S. Croucher, T. Nguyen, E. Pearson, N. Murray, Angela Feekery, Anthony Spencer, Oscar Gomez, D. Girardelli, S. Kelly
ABSTRACT Following the global outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), different countries took different approaches to informing their citizens about the pandemic and planned local public health initiatives. We use online participant panels in 4 affected countries – the US, Spain, Italy, and New Zealand – to explore the extent to which prejudice to Asian ethnic groups differed in these countries during the first wave of the pandemic. We argue that New Zealand’s lower scores on most indices of prejudice can be understood in part due to New Zealand’s cohesive, centralized government response to the pandemic that started early, included clear stages of response, and was led consistently by an a-political, public health and facts-base framing.
摘要2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)在全球爆发后,不同国家采取了不同的方法向本国公民通报疫情,并计划采取当地公共卫生举措。我们在4个受影响国家——美国、西班牙、意大利和新西兰——使用在线参与者小组,探讨在第一波疫情期间,这些国家对亚裔群体的偏见差异程度。我们认为,新西兰在大多数偏见指数上的得分较低,部分原因是新西兰政府对疫情的集中一致的应对措施很早就开始了,包括明确的应对阶段,并始终由a政治、公共卫生和事实基础框架领导。
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引用次数: 9
Refining the measurement of involvement in applications of relational framing theory 在关系框架理论的应用中精炼涉入的测量
IF 1.3 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2021.1898358
C. Graves, Jennifer A. Samp
ABSTRACT Relational framing theory (RFT) explains how individuals process relational messages during interaction through two content-laden dimensions—dominance-submission and affiliation-disaffiliation—and a content-free intensifier: involvement. RFT research has generally utilized measures of relevance more conducive to the content-laden variables than to the content-free variable. This study advanced a new involvement scale that operates as a measure of degree rather than relevance. Participants (N = 319) provided perceptions of involvement in a hypothetical conversation. Results were consistent with reliable and valid measurement and a unidimensional factor structure. Future research can adopt the degree-based involvement scale to assess the extent to which a communicator is engrossed in interaction.
摘要关系框架理论(RFT)通过两个充满内容的维度——支配服从和隶属关系解除——以及一个无内容的强化因子——参与,解释了个体如何在互动过程中处理关系信息。RFT研究通常使用的相关性指标更有利于内容丰富的变量,而不是无内容的变量。这项研究提出了一种新的参与量表,该量表是衡量程度而非相关性的。参与者(N=319)提供了参与假设对话的感知。结果与可靠有效的测量结果和一维因子结构一致。未来的研究可以采用基于程度的参与量表来评估沟通者全神贯注于互动的程度。
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引用次数: 0
An examination of differences in product types and gender stereotypes depicted in advertisements targeting masculine, feminine, and LGBTQ audiences 针对男性、女性和LGBTQ受众的广告中所描述的产品类型差异和性别刻板印象的研究
IF 1.3 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2021.1899908
Melinda R. Aley, Brandon M. Thomas
ABSTRACT Advertising often depicts traditional gender stereotypes. However, the LGBTQ community represents a market that does not conform to these stereotypes. This study used a content analysis to analyze 360 magazine advertisements targeting various audiences (male, female, LGBTQ) to examine differences in product type promotion and gender depictions. In terms of product types, appearance-based products target feminine audiences, hedonistic products target masculine audiences, and homosexuality-based ads depict products tailored for the unique needs of the LGBTQ community. Additionally, advertisements in masculine and feminine magazines used traditional gender stereotypes, while LGBTQ advertisements did not contain these stereotypes.
摘要广告经常描绘传统的性别刻板印象。然而,LGBTQ群体代表了一个不符合这些刻板印象的市场。这项研究使用内容分析来分析360个针对不同受众(男性、女性、LGBTQ)的杂志广告,以检验产品类型推广和性别描述的差异。就产品类型而言,基于外表的产品面向女性受众,享乐产品面向男性受众,基于同性恋的广告描绘了为LGBTQ群体的独特需求量身定制的产品。此外,男性和女性杂志上的广告使用了传统的性别刻板印象,而LGBTQ广告不包含这些刻板印象。
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引用次数: 4
An examination of how message fatigue impacts young adults’ evaluations of utilitarian messages about electronic cigarettes 信息疲劳如何影响年轻人对电子烟实用信息的评价
IF 1.3 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2021.1885372
David M. Keating, Emily Galper
ABSTRACT Campaigns rely on the repetition of similar messages over time. However, message fatigue can lead people to ignore or resist messages, such as ones aimed at preventing tobacco usage. We implemented a longitudinal design to examine the impact of message fatigue on message processing outcomes in the context of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes); we also tested whether functional matching weakens these effects. Participants with greater fatigue toward health messages about e-cigarettes were less likely to pay attention to and more likely to be annoyed with utilitarian messages about e-cigarette use. At the same time, greater feelings of fatigue predicted higher evaluations of message quality. Functional matching among participants with utilitarian attitude functions did not modify these effects. These findings suggest that fatigue promoted automatic evaluations of utilitarian messages about e-cigarettes, potentially limiting the impact of genuinely novel information, and opportunities exist to design e-cigarette messaging that targets non-utilitarian concerns.
摘要活动依赖于随着时间的推移类似信息的重复。然而,信息疲劳会导致人们忽视或抵制信息,例如旨在防止吸烟的信息。我们实施了一项纵向设计,以检验电子烟背景下信息疲劳对信息处理结果的影响;我们还测试了功能匹配是否会削弱这些效应。对有关电子烟的健康信息感到更疲劳的参与者不太可能关注有关电子烟使用的实用信息,也更可能对这些信息感到恼火。同时,疲劳感越强,对信息质量的评价就越高。具有功利态度功能的参与者之间的功能匹配并没有改变这些效果。这些发现表明,疲劳促进了对电子烟实用信息的自动评估,可能限制了真正新颖信息的影响,并且有机会设计针对非实用问题的电子烟信息。
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引用次数: 4
How did we get here? A framing and source analysis of early COVID-19 media coverage 我们是怎么来的?新冠肺炎早期媒体报道的框架和来源分析
IF 1.3 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2021.1894112
Austin Y. Hubner
ABSTRACT This study examines how two major news outlets framed COVID-19 in the months leading up to COVID-19 being declared a pandemic. A combination of computational and manual coding found that the dominant media frames were outbreak, economic consequences, and social consequences. A secondary component of the analysis examined the sources quoted in early media coverage and found that citizens, interest group individuals, and politicians were quoted the most. This suggests that early news coverage of COVID-19 might have contributed to the current politicization of the virus in the United States.
摘要本研究探讨了在新冠肺炎被宣布为大流行之前的几个月里,两大新闻媒体如何报道新冠肺炎。计算和手动编码的结合发现,主要的媒体框架是疫情爆发、经济后果和社会后果。分析的第二个组成部分检查了早期媒体报道中引用的消息来源,发现公民、利益集团个人和政治家的引用最多。这表明,新冠肺炎的早期新闻报道可能促成了当前美国病毒的政治化。
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引用次数: 39
Social-distancing fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mediation analysis of cognitive flexibility, fatigue, depression, and adherence to CDC guidelines 新冠肺炎大流行期间社交距离疲劳:认知灵活性、疲劳、抑郁和遵守CDC指南的中介分析
IF 1.3 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2021.1880385
John S. Seiter, Timothy Curran
ABSTRACT The researchers explored factors associated with depressive symptoms and adherence to CDC guidelines in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to developing an original measure of social-distancing fatigue (SDF), two hypothesized models, grounded in a social skills deficit framework, were tested using Model 4 of the Hayes’ PROCESS 3.0. Results indicated that participants’ level of cognitive flexibility associated negatively with SDF, and positively with adherence. Moreover, while feeling exhaustion/burnout associated positively with depressive symptoms and negatively with adherence, a sense of tedium did not.
摘要研究人员探讨了新冠肺炎大流行期间抑郁症状和遵守CDC指南的相关因素。除了开发社交距离疲劳(SDF)的原始测量方法外,还使用Hayes’PROCESS 3.0的模型4对两个基于社交技能缺陷框架的假设模型进行了测试。结果表明,参与者的认知灵活性水平与SDF呈负相关,与依从性呈正相关。此外,虽然疲惫/倦怠感与抑郁症状呈正相关,与坚持呈正相关,但乏味感却没有。
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引用次数: 20
Examining grandparental role, stress, and resilience in the development of grandparent-grandchild relationships 研究祖父母的角色,压力和弹性在祖父母-孙子关系的发展
IF 1.3 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2020.1870447
Jenna McNallie, P. Gettings
ABSTRACT This study examined associations among stress, resilience, and relational maintenance behaviors (RMB) in the development of grandchild-grandparent relationships for grandparents in varying near-parental roles. Grandparents (n = 389) in greater near-parental roles reported higher stress and less relationship satisfaction; however, resilience moderated some of these relationships. Grandparents in greater near-parental roles with moderate and high levels of resilience enacted more RMB compared to those with low resilience. Furthermore, moderated mediation analyses suggested that, for grandparents with low resilience, increases in serving in near-parental roles decreased relationship satisfaction perhaps due to higher stress. In contrast, for grandparents with moderate/high resilience, increases in serving in near-parental roles were associated with more RMB, and ultimately, increased relationship satisfaction.
摘要本研究考察了不同近父母角色的祖父母在孙辈—祖父母关系发展过程中压力、心理弹性和关系维持行为之间的关系。祖父母(n = 389)在更接近父母的角色中报告了更高的压力和更低的关系满意度;然而,弹性调节了其中的一些关系。具有较高和中等弹性水平的近父母角色的祖父母比具有较低弹性水平的祖父母投入更多的人民币。此外,有调节的中介分析表明,对于弹性较低的祖父母来说,在接近父母的角色中服务的增加可能由于更高的压力而降低了关系满意度。相比之下,对于具有中等/高弹性的祖父母来说,扮演近父母角色的增加与更多的人民币有关,并最终增加了关系满意度。
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引用次数: 3
Trait argumentativeness as a correlate of bolster and counterargue tendencies in resistance to persuasion research 特质辩论性与抗拒说服研究中的支持和反对倾向的相关性
IF 1.3 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2020.1867091
Charles J. Wigley, L. McCroskey, Andrew S. Rancer
ABSTRACT Research on resistance to persuasion has examined a number of relevant variables such as one’s bolstering of one’s own argument and, for example, generating counterarguments in order to resist a persuasive message. Is resistance to persuasion a function of a widespread practice of bolstering and/or counterarguing? Or, is resistance to persuasion more meaningfully examined from an individual differences approach based on relative levels of trait argumentativeness within samples? Three hypotheses were offered and tested. Results suggested that empirical investigations of the relationship of bolstering arguments and generating counterarguments to resistance to persuasion should report argumentativeness levels of research participants. Trait argumentativeness may have a very substantial role in the effect sizes reported in resistance to persuasion research. High argumentatives significantly preferred counterarguing over bolstering in resistance to persuasion whereas low argumentatives significantly preferred bolstering over counterarguing, suggesting a root difference between high and low argumentatives requiring further investigation for verification.
抵制说服的研究考察了一些相关的变量,例如一个人支持自己的论点,例如,为了抵制有说服力的信息而产生反论点。对说服的抵制是支持和/或反驳的普遍做法的结果吗?或者,对说服的抗拒是否更有意义,从基于样本中相对水平的特质争论性的个体差异方法来检验?提出并验证了三个假设。结果表明,实证研究支持论点和产生反论点与抵制说服的关系应该报告研究参与者的争论水平。在抗说服研究中,争论性特质可能在效应大小中扮演着非常重要的角色。高论证者在抵抗说服时明显倾向于反驳而不是支持,而低论证者明显倾向于支持而不是反驳,这表明高论证和低论证之间存在根本差异,需要进一步调查验证。
{"title":"Trait argumentativeness as a correlate of bolster and counterargue tendencies in resistance to persuasion research","authors":"Charles J. Wigley, L. McCroskey, Andrew S. Rancer","doi":"10.1080/08824096.2020.1867091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2020.1867091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research on resistance to persuasion has examined a number of relevant variables such as one’s bolstering of one’s own argument and, for example, generating counterarguments in order to resist a persuasive message. Is resistance to persuasion a function of a widespread practice of bolstering and/or counterarguing? Or, is resistance to persuasion more meaningfully examined from an individual differences approach based on relative levels of trait argumentativeness within samples? Three hypotheses were offered and tested. Results suggested that empirical investigations of the relationship of bolstering arguments and generating counterarguments to resistance to persuasion should report argumentativeness levels of research participants. Trait argumentativeness may have a very substantial role in the effect sizes reported in resistance to persuasion research. High argumentatives significantly preferred counterarguing over bolstering in resistance to persuasion whereas low argumentatives significantly preferred bolstering over counterarguing, suggesting a root difference between high and low argumentatives requiring further investigation for verification.","PeriodicalId":47084,"journal":{"name":"Communication Research Reports","volume":"38 1","pages":"12 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08824096.2020.1867091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44954545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Self-Affirmation Does Not Change Smokers' Explicit or Implicit Attitudes toward Smoking Following Exposure to Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels. 自我肯定并不能改变吸烟者在看到香烟图形警告标签后对吸烟的显性或隐性态度。
IF 1.3 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-18 DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2020.1870448
Irina A Iles, Xiaoli Nan, Zexin Ma, James Butler, Robert Feldman, Min Qi Wang
ABSTRACT Self-affirmation has shown promise in promoting prohealth attitudes following exposure to threatening health messages by reducing defensive processing of such messages. We examine the impact of self-affirmation prior to viewing graphic cigarette warning labels on implicit and explicit attitudes toward smoking in a sample of African American smokers (N = 151). Participants held negative explicit and implicit attitudes toward smoking. We found no direct effect of self-affirmation on either implicit or explicit attitudes. Self-affirmation and risk level did not interact to predict either attitude type. We discuss findings in terms of self-affirmation theory, attitude measurement, and the meta-cognitive model of attitude change.
自我肯定通过减少对这类信息的防御性处理,在接触威胁性健康信息后促进有利于健康的态度方面显示出了希望。我们以非裔美国吸烟者为样本(N = 151),研究了在观看香烟图形警告标签之前的自我肯定对隐性和显性吸烟态度的影响。参与者对吸烟持有消极的显性和隐性态度。我们发现自我肯定对内隐或外显态度都没有直接影响。自我肯定和风险水平没有相互作用来预测两种态度类型。我们从自我肯定理论、态度测量和态度改变的元认知模型三个方面讨论了研究结果。
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引用次数: 2
Shielding SNS content from parents: a survey investigating perspectives of emerging adults who have recently left the parental home 屏蔽父母的社交网络内容:一项调查最近离开父母家的新兴成年人的观点
IF 1.3 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2020.1867090
Martin Tanis, M. Buijzen
ABSTRACT Emerging adults are increasingly “unfriending” their parents on Social Networking Sites (SNS). A survey among 300 emerging adults who recently moved out of the parental home investigated whether family communication patterns were related to shielding of SNS content from parents and whether perceived undesirability of privacy invasion mediated this relation. Structural equation modeling analyses showed that emerging adults from high conformity-oriented families reported higher perceived undesirability of privacy invasion, which related to higher shielding of SNS content. In contrast, emerging adults from high conversation-oriented families reported lower perceived undesirability of privacy invasion, which related to lower shielding of SNS content.
摘要:新兴成年人越来越多地在社交网站上与父母“解除好友关系”。一项针对300名最近搬离父母家的新兴成年人的调查调查了家庭沟通模式是否与屏蔽父母的社交网络内容有关,以及隐私侵犯的不可取性是否介导了这种关系。结构方程建模分析表明,来自高度从众导向家庭的新兴成年人报告称,他们对隐私侵犯的感知不受欢迎程度更高,这与社交网络内容的屏蔽程度更高有关。相比之下,来自高度对话导向家庭的新兴成年人报告称,隐私侵犯的不受欢迎程度较低,这与社交网络内容的屏蔽程度较低有关。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Communication Research Reports
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