Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2045660
Kyriaki Fousiani, Jan‐Willem van Prooijen
ABSTRACT In the present research, we examine how culture influences individuals’ reactions to financial offenders. We hypothesized that horizontal individualists deploy increased active reactions (i.e., punishment-oriented) whereas vertical collectivists deploy increased passive reactions (i.e., condemning beliefs) to financial offenders. Moreover, we hypothesized that horizontal individualists would react stronger to a financial offender when an offense has instrumental (i.e., related to material costs) as opposed to symbolic (i.e., related to one’s self-image) implications for a victim, while vertical collectivists would show the opposite pattern of results. In Studies 1 and 2 we directly compared British (i.e., a horizontal individualist culture) versus Greek (i.e., a vertical collectivist culture) participants. Study 3 aimed to replicate Studies 1 and 2 by measuring cultural values at the individual level. The results obtained in the three studies provided support for most of our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"The Effects of Culture on Active and Passive Reactions to Financial Offenders; the Moderating Role of Type of Harm","authors":"Kyriaki Fousiani, Jan‐Willem van Prooijen","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2045660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2045660","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the present research, we examine how culture influences individuals’ reactions to financial offenders. We hypothesized that horizontal individualists deploy increased active reactions (i.e., punishment-oriented) whereas vertical collectivists deploy increased passive reactions (i.e., condemning beliefs) to financial offenders. Moreover, we hypothesized that horizontal individualists would react stronger to a financial offender when an offense has instrumental (i.e., related to material costs) as opposed to symbolic (i.e., related to one’s self-image) implications for a victim, while vertical collectivists would show the opposite pattern of results. In Studies 1 and 2 we directly compared British (i.e., a horizontal individualist culture) versus Greek (i.e., a vertical collectivist culture) participants. Study 3 aimed to replicate Studies 1 and 2 by measuring cultural values at the individual level. The results obtained in the three studies provided support for most of our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"961 - 987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47624708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2043968
Dean Taodang, R. V. Gundur
ABSTRACT While there are no new frauds, internet technology provides new opportunities for fraudsters by facilitating volumes of attacks that law enforcement then struggles to address. Moreover, since context can affect how potential victims respond to frauds, crisis context influences how fraudsters design frauds. This article assesses fraudsters’ fraud design strategies during two external crisis events that impacted Australia: The Black Summer Bushfires that occurred from September 2019 to March 2020 and the onset and first year of the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred from January 2020 through January 2021. Targets, during these crises, were more likely to be vulnerable according to Steinmetz’s model victim for social engineering framework. This study shows that, in both crises, fraudsters deployed the social engineering techniques of “authority” and “scarcity,” techniques that are more likely to be successful based solely on initial contact. Fraudsters designed their requests to be easily actioned and crafted their scams to reference very recent events as the external crisis events evolved. Thus, they targeted broad audiences with minimal personal involvement. Furthermore, this study shows that fraudsters, when disseminating their scams via social media outlets, attempted to build “social proof” to expand their potential victim pool to include the marks’ social circles.
{"title":"How Frauds in Times of Crisis Target People","authors":"Dean Taodang, R. V. Gundur","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2043968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2043968","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While there are no new frauds, internet technology provides new opportunities for fraudsters by facilitating volumes of attacks that law enforcement then struggles to address. Moreover, since context can affect how potential victims respond to frauds, crisis context influences how fraudsters design frauds. This article assesses fraudsters’ fraud design strategies during two external crisis events that impacted Australia: The Black Summer Bushfires that occurred from September 2019 to March 2020 and the onset and first year of the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred from January 2020 through January 2021. Targets, during these crises, were more likely to be vulnerable according to Steinmetz’s model victim for social engineering framework. This study shows that, in both crises, fraudsters deployed the social engineering techniques of “authority” and “scarcity,” techniques that are more likely to be successful based solely on initial contact. Fraudsters designed their requests to be easily actioned and crafted their scams to reference very recent events as the external crisis events evolved. Thus, they targeted broad audiences with minimal personal involvement. Furthermore, this study shows that fraudsters, when disseminating their scams via social media outlets, attempted to build “social proof” to expand their potential victim pool to include the marks’ social circles.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"889 - 914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42756086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2038319
McKenzie Javorka, Jasmine Engleton, Rachael Goodman-Williams, Katie Gregory, R. Campbell
ABSTRACT This study examines how sexual assault criminal legal proceedings and victim advocacy services for survivors have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We interviewed 12 victim advocates at a sexual assault service organization in a large Midwestern city that was particularly impacted by the pandemic. Results indicate that there have been major disruptions to sexual assault case timelines and communication with victims. Victim advocacy for survivors has also been affected, especially the provision of court advocacy and accompaniment. We discuss implications of these findings for sexual assault survivors, service providers, and future emergency preparedness planning for the criminal legal system.
{"title":"The Impacts of COVID-19 on Criminal Legal Proceedings and Victim Advocacy for Sexual Assault Survivors","authors":"McKenzie Javorka, Jasmine Engleton, Rachael Goodman-Williams, Katie Gregory, R. Campbell","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2038319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2038319","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines how sexual assault criminal legal proceedings and victim advocacy services for survivors have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We interviewed 12 victim advocates at a sexual assault service organization in a large Midwestern city that was particularly impacted by the pandemic. Results indicate that there have been major disruptions to sexual assault case timelines and communication with victims. Victim advocacy for survivors has also been affected, especially the provision of court advocacy and accompaniment. We discuss implications of these findings for sexual assault survivors, service providers, and future emergency preparedness planning for the criminal legal system.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"356 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48457504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2040068
Axton E. Betz-Hamilton, Marlene S. Stum, A. Chan
ABSTRACT Elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) affects victims, families, and society, yet little is known about the problematic behaviors of EFFE offenders. The purpose of this study was to (a) explore the range and scope of problematic behaviors of EFFE offenders; and (b) examine common combinations of EFFE offenders’ problematic behaviors. Interviews were conducted with 28 non-victim, non-offender family members from 23 families. Seven themes reflecting problematic offender behaviors were identified: mental health concerns, financial dependence, other abuse, financial irresponsibility, substance abuse, a sense of entitlement, and legal problems. An in-depth understanding of the behaviors was identified, including how and why behaviors were connected to each other. Offenders exhibited two to six problematic behavioral themes. The findings suggest a need for multiple, integrated interventions that fit the complex behavioral realities of individual offenders and the family systems in which EFFE occurs.
{"title":"Elder Family Financial Exploitation Offenders: Examining the Complexities of Problematic Behaviors","authors":"Axton E. Betz-Hamilton, Marlene S. Stum, A. Chan","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2040068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2040068","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) affects victims, families, and society, yet little is known about the problematic behaviors of EFFE offenders. The purpose of this study was to (a) explore the range and scope of problematic behaviors of EFFE offenders; and (b) examine common combinations of EFFE offenders’ problematic behaviors. Interviews were conducted with 28 non-victim, non-offender family members from 23 families. Seven themes reflecting problematic offender behaviors were identified: mental health concerns, financial dependence, other abuse, financial irresponsibility, substance abuse, a sense of entitlement, and legal problems. An in-depth understanding of the behaviors was identified, including how and why behaviors were connected to each other. Offenders exhibited two to six problematic behavioral themes. The findings suggest a need for multiple, integrated interventions that fit the complex behavioral realities of individual offenders and the family systems in which EFFE occurs.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"943 - 960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45503708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2021.2020946
Florian Bonensteffen, Sven Zebel, E. Giebels
ABSTRACT Computer-based communication (CBC) has become an inevitable aspect of our communication infrastructure and a lasting alternative to face-to-face conversations. Yet, CBC (e.g. video conferencing) is not common practice for victim-offender mediation (VOM). Based on eighteen semi-structured interviews with adult victims, offenders and mediators, we provide a heuristic assessment of CBC applicability in VOM. Interviewees associated CBC with higher environmental safety compared to face-to-face mediation, and with richer emotional information compared to indirect VOM (e.g., letter exchange). Risks comprised technical and privacy concerns. Our findings provide insight into stakeholder perceptions of the usability of CBC-VOM and thus directions for effective employment.
{"title":"Is Computer-based Communication A Valuable Addition to Victim-offender Mediation? A Qualitative Exploration among Victims, Offenders and Mediators","authors":"Florian Bonensteffen, Sven Zebel, E. Giebels","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2021.2020946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2021.2020946","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Computer-based communication (CBC) has become an inevitable aspect of our communication infrastructure and a lasting alternative to face-to-face conversations. Yet, CBC (e.g. video conferencing) is not common practice for victim-offender mediation (VOM). Based on eighteen semi-structured interviews with adult victims, offenders and mediators, we provide a heuristic assessment of CBC applicability in VOM. Interviewees associated CBC with higher environmental safety compared to face-to-face mediation, and with richer emotional information compared to indirect VOM (e.g., letter exchange). Risks comprised technical and privacy concerns. Our findings provide insight into stakeholder perceptions of the usability of CBC-VOM and thus directions for effective employment.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"17 1","pages":"1173 - 1195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42324721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-30DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2021.2022057
A. Eaton, D. Ramjee, Jessica F. Saunders
ABSTRACT In a large and diverse sample of U. S. adults, we assessed participants’ experience with pre-COVID in-person intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and with sextortion victimization during COVID to better understand the relationship between these phenomena. Experiencing sexual IPV pre-COVID increased the likelihood that men and women would experience sextortion during COVID. Men, Black and Native women, LGBTQ individuals, and emerging adults more often experienced sextortion during COVID than other groups. Implications for research on technology-facilitated sexual violence and practice with survivors are explored.
{"title":"The Relationship between Sextortion during COVID-19 and Pre-pandemic Intimate Partner Violence: A Large Study of Victimization among Diverse U.S Men and Women","authors":"A. Eaton, D. Ramjee, Jessica F. Saunders","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2021.2022057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2021.2022057","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In a large and diverse sample of U. S. adults, we assessed participants’ experience with pre-COVID in-person intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and with sextortion victimization during COVID to better understand the relationship between these phenomena. Experiencing sexual IPV pre-COVID increased the likelihood that men and women would experience sextortion during COVID. Men, Black and Native women, LGBTQ individuals, and emerging adults more often experienced sextortion during COVID than other groups. Implications for research on technology-facilitated sexual violence and practice with survivors are explored.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"338 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46478567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-22DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2026544
R. Stone, Julia K. Campbell, Nafisa Halim, D. Kinney, E. Rothman
ABSTRACT Substance use and intimate partner violence (IPV) co-occur, and experts have called for cross-training of IPV and substance use disorder (SUD) professionals. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate a cross-training curriculum for IPV advocates and peer recovery coaches. We used a one group pre-posttest study design to evaluate the efficacy and participant experience of the cross-training. Among IPV advocates, the training was associated with improving skills related to working with individuals with SUD, and improving self-efficacy related to working with survivors of IPV. Among recovery coaches, the training was associated with positive changes in self-efficacy regarding working with survivors of IPV and individuals with SUD. Overall, participants reported high satisfaction with the training. Participants indicated that they most appreciated the opportunity to connect with professionals in the other sector, suggesting that such collaborations may help to increase community capacity to respond to individuals experiencing co-occurring IPV and SUD.
{"title":"Design and Pilot Evaluation of a Cross-Training Curriculum for Intimate Partner Violence Advocates and Peer Recovery Coaches","authors":"R. Stone, Julia K. Campbell, Nafisa Halim, D. Kinney, E. Rothman","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2026544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2026544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Substance use and intimate partner violence (IPV) co-occur, and experts have called for cross-training of IPV and substance use disorder (SUD) professionals. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate a cross-training curriculum for IPV advocates and peer recovery coaches. We used a one group pre-posttest study design to evaluate the efficacy and participant experience of the cross-training. Among IPV advocates, the training was associated with improving skills related to working with individuals with SUD, and improving self-efficacy related to working with survivors of IPV. Among recovery coaches, the training was associated with positive changes in self-efficacy regarding working with survivors of IPV and individuals with SUD. Overall, participants reported high satisfaction with the training. Participants indicated that they most appreciated the opportunity to connect with professionals in the other sector, suggesting that such collaborations may help to increase community capacity to respond to individuals experiencing co-occurring IPV and SUD.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"298 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44899476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-11DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2021.2024468
Yergali Adlet, Dzhansarayeva Rima, M. Akbolatova, Zhanibekov Akynkozha, Kevin M. Beaver
ABSTRACT There has been a great deal of interest in understanding the etiological underpinnings to victimization. This body of research has uncovered a list of risk factors that have been consistently tied to victimization. One of the more consistent results is that criminal offenders are at-risk for being victimized. The current study expanded on this finding by examining whether four measures of being processed through the criminal justice system (i.e., arrest, conviction, probation, and incarceration) were related to multiple measures of victimization in adolescence and adulthood. To do so, data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were analyzed. The results revealed consistent and statistically significant associations between the criminal justice processing variables and the victimization measures for both males and females even after controlling for self-reported criminal and delinquent involvement. We conclude by contextualizing the results and offering suggestions for future research in this area.
{"title":"Criminal Justice System Processing and Victimization: Results from a Longitudinal Study of Males and Females","authors":"Yergali Adlet, Dzhansarayeva Rima, M. Akbolatova, Zhanibekov Akynkozha, Kevin M. Beaver","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2021.2024468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2021.2024468","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There has been a great deal of interest in understanding the etiological underpinnings to victimization. This body of research has uncovered a list of risk factors that have been consistently tied to victimization. One of the more consistent results is that criminal offenders are at-risk for being victimized. The current study expanded on this finding by examining whether four measures of being processed through the criminal justice system (i.e., arrest, conviction, probation, and incarceration) were related to multiple measures of victimization in adolescence and adulthood. To do so, data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were analyzed. The results revealed consistent and statistically significant associations between the criminal justice processing variables and the victimization measures for both males and females even after controlling for self-reported criminal and delinquent involvement. We conclude by contextualizing the results and offering suggestions for future research in this area.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"374 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46779612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-04DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2021.2020947
Sarah Paquette, J. Chopin
ABSTRACT This study examines the characteristics of the sexual victimization of adolescents and provides a comparison with the ones of children and adults. The sample includes 2,665 sexual abuse cases of female children, adolescents, and adults in France. Analyses revealed differential patterns in factors associated with the sexual victimization of adolescents. Findings suggest that the sexual victimization of adolescents may be located along a continuum in terms of sexuality, antisociality, and situational factors, between children and adult victimization. Implications for the prevention of the victimization of adolescents, clinical considerations for offenders, and avenues for future research are discussed.
{"title":"What Is Distinctive about the Sexual Victimization of Female Adolescents? A Comparison with the Sexual Victimization of Children and Adults","authors":"Sarah Paquette, J. Chopin","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2021.2020947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2021.2020947","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the characteristics of the sexual victimization of adolescents and provides a comparison with the ones of children and adults. The sample includes 2,665 sexual abuse cases of female children, adolescents, and adults in France. Analyses revealed differential patterns in factors associated with the sexual victimization of adolescents. Findings suggest that the sexual victimization of adolescents may be located along a continuum in terms of sexuality, antisociality, and situational factors, between children and adult victimization. Implications for the prevention of the victimization of adolescents, clinical considerations for offenders, and avenues for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"319 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49233562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2021.2014009
Elizabeth N. Hartsell, J. Lane, L. Lanza-Kaduce
ABSTRACT We compared the relationships between incarcerated youths’ injustice perceptions and demographic variables and personal and vicarious experiences with the justice system using indexes of injustice derived from Matza and Tyler. The two injustice frameworks represent different academic traditions in ways that raise different prospects. Matza contextualizes his formulation of injustice in group processes that emphasize shared neutralization of regulating norms because of injustice. That emphasis is absent in Tyler. Tyler’s work has led to an invariance claim across demographics that is not postulated by Matza. We analyzed data from the Florida Faith and Community-Based Delinquency Treatment Initiative. We found nonwhite youths perceived more injustice as measured by both indexes. In a boys-only subsample, younger boys perceived more injustice measured by the Tyler index. Vicarious exposure via friends’ experiences with police related to higher perceived levels of injustice only on the Matza index. We encourage researchers to be precise in their operationalizations and measurement of injustice perceptions and to consider the theoretical grounding of their research in making injustice measurement choices.
{"title":"Personal and Vicarious Experiences that Shape Incarcerated Youths’ Perceptions of Injustice- Comparing Two Measures","authors":"Elizabeth N. Hartsell, J. Lane, L. Lanza-Kaduce","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2021.2014009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2021.2014009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We compared the relationships between incarcerated youths’ injustice perceptions and demographic variables and personal and vicarious experiences with the justice system using indexes of injustice derived from Matza and Tyler. The two injustice frameworks represent different academic traditions in ways that raise different prospects. Matza contextualizes his formulation of injustice in group processes that emphasize shared neutralization of regulating norms because of injustice. That emphasis is absent in Tyler. Tyler’s work has led to an invariance claim across demographics that is not postulated by Matza. We analyzed data from the Florida Faith and Community-Based Delinquency Treatment Initiative. We found nonwhite youths perceived more injustice as measured by both indexes. In a boys-only subsample, younger boys perceived more injustice measured by the Tyler index. Vicarious exposure via friends’ experiences with police related to higher perceived levels of injustice only on the Matza index. We encourage researchers to be precise in their operationalizations and measurement of injustice perceptions and to consider the theoretical grounding of their research in making injustice measurement choices.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"646 - 672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49212846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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