Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.1177/08883254231156553
Piotr Osęka
The secret police, along with the political apparatus of a ruling party or administration, created the backbone of communist regimes and constituted the main tool of State violence. The state of the art within studies on the Polish security apparatus—albeit extremely rich—is entirely focused on archival documents. What is missing from the research on the secret police in Poland is an oral history approach. This article is a pioneer attempt at revealing the operative methods of the Służba Bezpieczeństwa (SB) through interviews with former officers. It aims at reconstructing the mechanism that led the officers to victimize dissidents and how they created moral justifications for their deeds. Asking about their career track, successes and failures, relationships with other officers, private life, and details of daily duty, I tried to glean what made the interviewees become perpetrators.
秘密警察与执政党或行政当局的政治机器一起构成了共产主义政权的支柱，并构成了国家暴力的主要工具。对波兰安全机构的最新研究——尽管极其丰富——完全集中在档案文件上。关于波兰秘密警察的研究缺少的是口述历史的方法。这篇文章是通过对前警官的采访，揭示Służba Bezpieczeństwa (SB)的操作方法的开创性尝试。它旨在重建导致官员迫害持不同政见者的机制，以及他们如何为自己的行为创造道德理由。询问他们的职业轨迹、成功与失败、与其他军官的关系、私人生活以及日常工作细节，我试图收集是什么让受访者成为犯罪者。
{"title":"“Secret Services Are Meant To Serve”: State Violence in the Autobiographic Memory of Secret Police Officers in Communist Poland","authors":"Piotr Osęka","doi":"10.1177/08883254231156553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254231156553","url":null,"abstract":"The secret police, along with the political apparatus of a ruling party or administration, created the backbone of communist regimes and constituted the main tool of State violence. The state of the art within studies on the Polish security apparatus—albeit extremely rich—is entirely focused on archival documents. What is missing from the research on the secret police in Poland is an oral history approach. This article is a pioneer attempt at revealing the operative methods of the Służba Bezpieczeństwa (SB) through interviews with former officers. It aims at reconstructing the mechanism that led the officers to victimize dissidents and how they created moral justifications for their deeds. Asking about their career track, successes and failures, relationships with other officers, private life, and details of daily duty, I tried to glean what made the interviewees become perpetrators.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"1 1","pages":"1227 - 1248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90684277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1177/08883254221148444
D. Pietrzyk-Reeves
{"title":"Corrigendum to Rethinking Theoretical Approaches to Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe: Toward a Dynamic Approach","authors":"D. Pietrzyk-Reeves","doi":"10.1177/08883254221148444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221148444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"37 1","pages":"764 - 764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42163055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.1177/08883254221147545
Petr Dvořák, Michal Pink
This article addresses the candidate selection process for realistic list positions with regard to multiple-office holding and personal characteristics in flexible-list proportional representation ...
本文讨论了灵活列表比例代表制中关于多个职位持有和个人特征的现实列表职位的候选人选择过程。
{"title":"Party Nomination Strategies in Flexible-List PR: Which Candidate Characteristics Lead to Realistic Positions?","authors":"Petr Dvořák, Michal Pink","doi":"10.1177/08883254221147545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221147545","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the candidate selection process for realistic list positions with regard to multiple-office holding and personal characteristics in flexible-list proportional representation ...","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"60 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.1177/08883254231152614
Domonkos Sik
In this article, the interrelatedness of contemporary populism and fear is analysed. It is argued that contemporary populism is burdened with the uncertainties and contingencies of late modernity. ...
{"title":"Populist Juggling with Fear: The Case of Hungary","authors":"Domonkos Sik","doi":"10.1177/08883254231152614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254231152614","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the interrelatedness of contemporary populism and fear is analysed. It is argued that contemporary populism is burdened with the uncertainties and contingencies of late modernity. ...","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"65 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1177/08883254221147544
Beata Szulęcka
This article shows how Forum Against Depression, 1 an online platform devoted to depression, creates awareness about depression in Poland. This qualitative study uses critical discourse analysis to interpret texts published by the Forum and a short film, Disappearing Children, devoted to “teenage depression.” In this discourse, depression is presented as an object, the meaning of which is stable and dispersed. The article shows how the creation of this double semiosis of depression provides an invitation for auto-diagnosis and blurs the identity of the sender: the pharmaceutical company running the campaign, which is the subject of this article. Neuro-tivization of depression conceals the social context of distress and helps maximize drug sales. Ultimately, this article tracks the merging of complex psychiatrization and depsychiatrization processes. The article enhances discussion about issues related to biomedical framings of mental health, diagnostic reification of mental health diagnoses, and debate about conditions in which mental health knowledge is produced in Poland and globally.
{"title":"“A Disease Like Any Other”: Awareness-Raising and Neuro-tivization of Depression in Poland","authors":"Beata Szulęcka","doi":"10.1177/08883254221147544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221147544","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows how Forum Against Depression, 1 an online platform devoted to depression, creates awareness about depression in Poland. This qualitative study uses critical discourse analysis to interpret texts published by the Forum and a short film, Disappearing Children, devoted to “teenage depression.” In this discourse, depression is presented as an object, the meaning of which is stable and dispersed. The article shows how the creation of this double semiosis of depression provides an invitation for auto-diagnosis and blurs the identity of the sender: the pharmaceutical company running the campaign, which is the subject of this article. Neuro-tivization of depression conceals the social context of distress and helps maximize drug sales. Ultimately, this article tracks the merging of complex psychiatrization and depsychiatrization processes. The article enhances discussion about issues related to biomedical framings of mental health, diagnostic reification of mental health diagnoses, and debate about conditions in which mental health knowledge is produced in Poland and globally.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"27 1","pages":"1249 - 1268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80103923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.1177/08883254221147542
Eoin Lazaridis Power, John Branch
Bosnians show little faith in their state-level institutions, and with good reason, as the country ranks poorly on measures of corruption, regulatory quality, and government efficacy. However, the ...
{"title":"A Balkan Neofunctional Success Story or the Curious Case of Bosnia’s Central Bank","authors":"Eoin Lazaridis Power, John Branch","doi":"10.1177/08883254221147542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221147542","url":null,"abstract":"Bosnians show little faith in their state-level institutions, and with good reason, as the country ranks poorly on measures of corruption, regulatory quality, and government efficacy. However, the ...","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.1177/08883254221144710
Łukasz Zamęcki, Piotr Załęski
As the importance of right-wing populist parties (RPPs) has grown significantly in Europe, with some even forming governments, the attendant political and policy programs are attracting greater attention. However, to date most of the relevant research has been focused on the core slogan policies of RPPs, relating to immigration and the economy. This has left the parties’ educational policies understudied. In seeking to address this situation, we analyse changes in the citizenship-education curricula that Poland’s schools pursued during the years 2017 to 2022, with the country’s ruling party (Law and Justice—PiS), thus offering a case study of a typical RPP. This article scrutinizes citizenship-education curricular changes pursued by PiS—with an approach that regards this as the field that best allows the desire to reconstruct the model of citizenship to be discerned. We also explore a process of “civic de-socialization,” and the new system of values being put in place in the curricula, by the Polish government. We examine whether the new provisions this entails fit into the ideological system of right-wing populists, and we conclude by developing hypotheses, and seeking to conclude theoretically, that ideological radicalization in education is being observed, in the wake of years of rule by an RPP. Interesting in this regard is the finding that more profound changes were not put into effect until a second stage to the reforms was reached. Overall, the case of the curriculum pursued in Poland by PiS points to a new ontology of citizenship, more nativism, and an anti-progressive agenda.
{"title":"How Right-Wing Populists Influence Citizenship Education—Evidence from Poland","authors":"Łukasz Zamęcki, Piotr Załęski","doi":"10.1177/08883254221144710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221144710","url":null,"abstract":"As the importance of right-wing populist parties (RPPs) has grown significantly in Europe, with some even forming governments, the attendant political and policy programs are attracting greater attention. However, to date most of the relevant research has been focused on the core slogan policies of RPPs, relating to immigration and the economy. This has left the parties’ educational policies understudied. In seeking to address this situation, we analyse changes in the citizenship-education curricula that Poland’s schools pursued during the years 2017 to 2022, with the country’s ruling party (Law and Justice—PiS), thus offering a case study of a typical RPP. This article scrutinizes citizenship-education curricular changes pursued by PiS—with an approach that regards this as the field that best allows the desire to reconstruct the model of citizenship to be discerned. We also explore a process of “civic de-socialization,” and the new system of values being put in place in the curricula, by the Polish government. We examine whether the new provisions this entails fit into the ideological system of right-wing populists, and we conclude by developing hypotheses, and seeking to conclude theoretically, that ideological radicalization in education is being observed, in the wake of years of rule by an RPP. Interesting in this regard is the finding that more profound changes were not put into effect until a second stage to the reforms was reached. Overall, the case of the curriculum pursued in Poland by PiS points to a new ontology of citizenship, more nativism, and an anti-progressive agenda.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"74 1","pages":"1314 - 1336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82436316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.1177/08883254221148652
Kristian Stefanov
At the end of the nineteenth century, European social democracy found acceptance among some circles of the Bulgarian intelligentsia. However, the social base of this new ideology, including industrialization and urbanization, was almost missing. This contradiction confronted the young party with the challenge of adapting to local social reality, not only leading it to a chain of internal ideological dilemmas questioning its social democratic identity, but also stimulating various political interactions with the public environment, culminating in a change of national politics. The present article lays out the problem of social democracy’s political adaptation by focusing first on the “Agrarian Question” debates among the party elite through investigation of the public discussions in the congresses, newspapers, and letters, and second, on political practice in the field of electoral politics through analyses of electoral statistics and mobilization discourses. The article’s main conclusions are that (1) dialectics between the intensive transfer of modern ideas and the complex process of their adaptation to national conditions is one of the “moving contradictions” of Bulgarian social democracy’s development in the Balkan peripheral context, (2) the Bulgarian Workers’ Social Democratic Party’s (BWSDP) experience confirms the more general tendency in Second International social democracy of a strong interdependence between electoral politics and ideological debates, and (3) the efforts for political mobilization of the petty peasants and artisans through Marxist language led to its evolution into a socialist-populist discourse that stimulated massification of political participation and encouraged but also opposed the early Agrarian movement.
{"title":"Between Ideological Loyalty and Political Adaptation: The “Agrarian Question” in the Development of Bulgarian Social Democracy, 1891–1912","authors":"Kristian Stefanov","doi":"10.1177/08883254221148652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221148652","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the nineteenth century, European social democracy found acceptance among some circles of the Bulgarian intelligentsia. However, the social base of this new ideology, including industrialization and urbanization, was almost missing. This contradiction confronted the young party with the challenge of adapting to local social reality, not only leading it to a chain of internal ideological dilemmas questioning its social democratic identity, but also stimulating various political interactions with the public environment, culminating in a change of national politics. The present article lays out the problem of social democracy’s political adaptation by focusing first on the “Agrarian Question” debates among the party elite through investigation of the public discussions in the congresses, newspapers, and letters, and second, on political practice in the field of electoral politics through analyses of electoral statistics and mobilization discourses. The article’s main conclusions are that (1) dialectics between the intensive transfer of modern ideas and the complex process of their adaptation to national conditions is one of the “moving contradictions” of Bulgarian social democracy’s development in the Balkan peripheral context, (2) the Bulgarian Workers’ Social Democratic Party’s (BWSDP) experience confirms the more general tendency in Second International social democracy of a strong interdependence between electoral politics and ideological debates, and (3) the efforts for political mobilization of the petty peasants and artisans through Marxist language led to its evolution into a socialist-populist discourse that stimulated massification of political participation and encouraged but also opposed the early Agrarian movement.","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"46 1","pages":"1472 - 1494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85992242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1177/08883254221144721
Lukáš Hájek
Academics usually look for constitutional conventions in Westminster-style democracies, such as the United Kingdom, Canada, or Australia. Nevertheless, growing evidence from practice shows that con...
{"title":"Idiotic or Columbo’s Wife? Constitutional Conventions in the Czech Republic","authors":"Lukáš Hájek","doi":"10.1177/08883254221144721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221144721","url":null,"abstract":"Academics usually look for constitutional conventions in Westminster-style democracies, such as the United Kingdom, Canada, or Australia. Nevertheless, growing evidence from practice shows that con...","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1177/08883254221144712
Dominika Pszczółkowska
Despite the significant body of literature on migrations after the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, including on social remittances, a subcategory—political remittances—is only now...
{"title":"Are They Building a “Second Ireland” in Poland? Political Remitting by Polish Migrants and Return Migrants from Ireland","authors":"Dominika Pszczółkowska","doi":"10.1177/08883254221144712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254221144712","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the significant body of literature on migrations after the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, including on social remittances, a subcategory—political remittances—is only now...","PeriodicalId":47086,"journal":{"name":"East European Politics and Societies","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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