Pub Date : 2018-09-10DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1495515
Eranda Jayawickreme, J. Rivers, Julia M. Rauthmann
It is important that we understand the role of significant life events such as failure, adversity, and trauma in human development. However, substantive methodological limitations in research on post-traumatic growth (PTG) has hampered this endeavor. Specifically, with narratives of growth following life challenges likely provide valuable information about the course of lives, retrospective quantitative assessments such as the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) are flawed in multiple ways. We present new data highlighting the flaws of the PTGI as well and further evidence from a selective review that these measures remain dominant despite their flaws.
{"title":"Do We Know How Adversity Impacts Human Development?","authors":"Eranda Jayawickreme, J. Rivers, Julia M. Rauthmann","doi":"10.1080/15427609.2018.1495515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2018.1495515","url":null,"abstract":"It is important that we understand the role of significant life events such as failure, adversity, and trauma in human development. However, substantive methodological limitations in research on post-traumatic growth (PTG) has hampered this endeavor. Specifically, with narratives of growth following life challenges likely provide valuable information about the course of lives, retrospective quantitative assessments such as the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) are flawed in multiple ways. We present new data highlighting the flaws of the PTGI as well and further evidence from a selective review that these measures remain dominant despite their flaws.","PeriodicalId":47096,"journal":{"name":"Research in Human Development","volume":"34 22","pages":"294 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427609.2018.1495515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41244479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-29DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1502548
Salwa Massad, R. Stryker, S. Mansour, U. Khammash
Approximately one in four children lives in conflict-affected areas around the world and this results in many consequences for their physical and mental health. This paper first provides a brief history of the specific contexts of violence and resistance that children and youth engage with, and in, on a daily basis in Palestine. It then outlines the efforts of one functioning program in the West Bank, the United Nations Community Mental Health Project, which was designed not only to respond to, but mitigate, child and youth mental health problems in the midst of decades of such political violence.
{"title":"Rethinking Resilience for Children and Youth in Conflict Zones: The Case of Palestine","authors":"Salwa Massad, R. Stryker, S. Mansour, U. Khammash","doi":"10.1080/15427609.2018.1502548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2018.1502548","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately one in four children lives in conflict-affected areas around the world and this results in many consequences for their physical and mental health. This paper first provides a brief history of the specific contexts of violence and resistance that children and youth engage with, and in, on a daily basis in Palestine. It then outlines the efforts of one functioning program in the West Bank, the United Nations Community Mental Health Project, which was designed not only to respond to, but mitigate, child and youth mental health problems in the midst of decades of such political violence.","PeriodicalId":47096,"journal":{"name":"Research in Human Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"280 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427609.2018.1502548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48925173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-29DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1491216
R. Sternberg
Socialization of young people today especially emphasizes cognitive and academic-skills development. Although these skills are important, society is making a serious mistake in underestimating the importance of wisdom-based skills. As a result, we are raising a generation of individuals who may be smart but may also be foolish, or even worse, toxic to themselves and others. This article newly contributes a discussion of toxicity. The author discusses what schools can do to place more emphasis on education for wisdom.
{"title":"Wisdom, Foolishness, and Toxicity in Human Development","authors":"R. Sternberg","doi":"10.1080/15427609.2018.1491216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2018.1491216","url":null,"abstract":"Socialization of young people today especially emphasizes cognitive and academic-skills development. Although these skills are important, society is making a serious mistake in underestimating the importance of wisdom-based skills. As a result, we are raising a generation of individuals who may be smart but may also be foolish, or even worse, toxic to themselves and others. This article newly contributes a discussion of toxicity. The author discusses what schools can do to place more emphasis on education for wisdom.","PeriodicalId":47096,"journal":{"name":"Research in Human Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"200 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427609.2018.1491216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47712441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-20DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1489097
C. Napolitano
This article describes how actions transform chance events into sustained positive development. I argue that serendipity is intentional, and involves the coaction of self-regulatory actions and chance life events. To provide a foundation for research on both serendipity and self-regulation more generally, I introduce a model of self-regulation research organized across the nomothetic-idiographic spectrum. In this model, every self-regulatory action should be simultaneously studied at various levels of generality and specificity. Using the example case of serendipity, I argue that self-regulation research should adopt this model to capture the full richness of goal striving.
{"title":"Serendipity as an Example for a New Four-tiered Model of the Study of Intentional Self-regulation","authors":"C. Napolitano","doi":"10.1080/15427609.2018.1489097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2018.1489097","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes how actions transform chance events into sustained positive development. I argue that serendipity is intentional, and involves the coaction of self-regulatory actions and chance life events. To provide a foundation for research on both serendipity and self-regulation more generally, I introduce a model of self-regulation research organized across the nomothetic-idiographic spectrum. In this model, every self-regulatory action should be simultaneously studied at various levels of generality and specificity. Using the example case of serendipity, I argue that self-regulation research should adopt this model to capture the full richness of goal striving.","PeriodicalId":47096,"journal":{"name":"Research in Human Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"265 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427609.2018.1489097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47580747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-20DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1502547
M. Cunningham, Samantha Francois, Gabriel Rodriguez, Xzania White Lee
The study addresses how African American adolescents are resilient when exposed to discrimination. We examine racial identity as a buffer between cumulative stressful events and aggression attitudes in 285 adolescents (M = 15.41, SD = 1.38). Boys report more general beliefs about aggression than girls. Girls with low racial identity are more vulnerable for general beliefs about aggression when exposed to greater negative youth experiences. However, boys with high racial identity have greater general beliefs about aggression as their negative youth experiences increase. Racial identity has a protective-enhancing buffering affect for adolescent girls and a protective-reactive effect for boys.
{"title":"Resilience and Coping: An Example in African American Adolescents","authors":"M. Cunningham, Samantha Francois, Gabriel Rodriguez, Xzania White Lee","doi":"10.1080/15427609.2018.1502547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2018.1502547","url":null,"abstract":"The study addresses how African American adolescents are resilient when exposed to discrimination. We examine racial identity as a buffer between cumulative stressful events and aggression attitudes in 285 adolescents (M = 15.41, SD = 1.38). Boys report more general beliefs about aggression than girls. Girls with low racial identity are more vulnerable for general beliefs about aggression when exposed to greater negative youth experiences. However, boys with high racial identity have greater general beliefs about aggression as their negative youth experiences increase. Racial identity has a protective-enhancing buffering affect for adolescent girls and a protective-reactive effect for boys.","PeriodicalId":47096,"journal":{"name":"Research in Human Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"317 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427609.2018.1502547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48208028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-17DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1502543
Roberto G. Gonzales, B. Ellis, Sarah A. Rendón-García, Kristina Brant
Drawing on in-depth interviews with 408 beneficiaries of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program (DACA), this article examines how they experienced their new status and improved adult trajectories as they transitioned from an undocumented to a DACAmented status. Authors' analyses suggest that DACA had a nearly immediate and positive impact on adult trajectories, delaying certain aspects of the “transition to illegality.” In addition, authors found differences in the experiences of respondents who received DACA at earlier and later stages in their transition to adulthood. Nevertheless, important limitations of the program continued to keep DACA beneficiaries in a developmental limbo.
{"title":"(Un)authorized Transitions: Illegality, DACA, and the Life Course","authors":"Roberto G. Gonzales, B. Ellis, Sarah A. Rendón-García, Kristina Brant","doi":"10.1080/15427609.2018.1502543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2018.1502543","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on in-depth interviews with 408 beneficiaries of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program (DACA), this article examines how they experienced their new status and improved adult trajectories as they transitioned from an undocumented to a DACAmented status. Authors' analyses suggest that DACA had a nearly immediate and positive impact on adult trajectories, delaying certain aspects of the “transition to illegality.” In addition, authors found differences in the experiences of respondents who received DACA at earlier and later stages in their transition to adulthood. Nevertheless, important limitations of the program continued to keep DACA beneficiaries in a developmental limbo.","PeriodicalId":47096,"journal":{"name":"Research in Human Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"345 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427609.2018.1502543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48915360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-30DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1499350
G. Bono, Jason T. Sender
Gratitude provides many advantages throughout development. This study provides a comprehensive review of research on gratitude, with a focus on understanding how it is adaptive in human development. Mounting evidence shows that gratitude is advantageous because it helps reduce antisocial behavior and pathology, protects from stress, promotes physical and mental health, improves social functioning and interpersonal relationships, and supports resilience across the lifespan. We argue that gratitude is foundational for human development and that its advantages motivate self-improvement in people and enable them to work more effectively in social environments to achieve important goals. The review closes with a focus on current issues in assessment, methods, and interventions, as research in these areas will help advance empirical understanding of gratitude’s role in human development and help inform better interventions. Overall, gratitude helps individuals find meaning and coherence in life so that they can improve themselves and elevate others.
{"title":"How Gratitude Connects Humans to the Best in Themselves and in Others","authors":"G. Bono, Jason T. Sender","doi":"10.1080/15427609.2018.1499350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2018.1499350","url":null,"abstract":"Gratitude provides many advantages throughout development. This study provides a comprehensive review of research on gratitude, with a focus on understanding how it is adaptive in human development. Mounting evidence shows that gratitude is advantageous because it helps reduce antisocial behavior and pathology, protects from stress, promotes physical and mental health, improves social functioning and interpersonal relationships, and supports resilience across the lifespan. We argue that gratitude is foundational for human development and that its advantages motivate self-improvement in people and enable them to work more effectively in social environments to achieve important goals. The review closes with a focus on current issues in assessment, methods, and interventions, as research in these areas will help advance empirical understanding of gratitude’s role in human development and help inform better interventions. Overall, gratitude helps individuals find meaning and coherence in life so that they can improve themselves and elevate others.","PeriodicalId":47096,"journal":{"name":"Research in Human Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"224 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427609.2018.1499350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48416407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-17DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1489096
Oliver J. Kaftan, A. Freund
Procrastination is a common self-regulation failure that has been studied mainly in the educational context, but has been largely neglected in life-span psychology. Adopting a life-span motivational perspective, we focus on adult development and maintain that, historically seen, adults nowadays have to take on a more active role in pursuing their goals due to the deregulation of the life course and increased life expectancy. This requires higher self-regulatory skills, particularly with increasing age. When self-regulation fails, people may postpone developmental goals and experience negative consequences. We propose research questions that might foster the understanding of procrastination from a life-span perspective.
{"title":"A Motivational Life-Span Perspective on Procrastination: The Development of Delaying Goal Pursuit Across Adulthood","authors":"Oliver J. Kaftan, A. Freund","doi":"10.1080/15427609.2018.1489096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2018.1489096","url":null,"abstract":"Procrastination is a common self-regulation failure that has been studied mainly in the educational context, but has been largely neglected in life-span psychology. Adopting a life-span motivational perspective, we focus on adult development and maintain that, historically seen, adults nowadays have to take on a more active role in pursuing their goals due to the deregulation of the life course and increased life expectancy. This requires higher self-regulatory skills, particularly with increasing age. When self-regulation fails, people may postpone developmental goals and experience negative consequences. We propose research questions that might foster the understanding of procrastination from a life-span perspective.","PeriodicalId":47096,"journal":{"name":"Research in Human Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"252 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427609.2018.1489096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44580054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-10DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1489098
M. Ardelt, S. Grunwald
Trauma is an inescapable part of being human, whether caused by external events or internal struggles. Self-reflection and self-awareness aid in the recovery from external trauma and heal psychosomatic wounds. We first explain different understandings of the nature of the self and mechanisms of self-reflection and self-awareness. Then we describe the role of self-reflection and awareness in ontogenetic, sociogenic, liberative, transpersonal, and spiritual models of adult development. Finally, we discuss the practice of Buddhist mindfulness, Westernized forms of mindfulness, and McMindfulness and their potential for raising the level of self-awareness, increase resilience during hard times, and heal from trauma.
{"title":"The Importance of Self-Reflection and Awareness for Human Development in Hard Times","authors":"M. Ardelt, S. Grunwald","doi":"10.1080/15427609.2018.1489098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2018.1489098","url":null,"abstract":"Trauma is an inescapable part of being human, whether caused by external events or internal struggles. Self-reflection and self-awareness aid in the recovery from external trauma and heal psychosomatic wounds. We first explain different understandings of the nature of the self and mechanisms of self-reflection and self-awareness. Then we describe the role of self-reflection and awareness in ontogenetic, sociogenic, liberative, transpersonal, and spiritual models of adult development. Finally, we discuss the practice of Buddhist mindfulness, Westernized forms of mindfulness, and McMindfulness and their potential for raising the level of self-awareness, increase resilience during hard times, and heal from trauma.","PeriodicalId":47096,"journal":{"name":"Research in Human Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"187 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427609.2018.1489098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48591589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1441577
K. Bronk, B. Riches, Susan A. Mangan
The 12-item Claremont Purpose Scale (CPS) was designed for use with adolescents, and it gauges all three dimensions of the purpose construct, including goal-directedness, personal meaning, and a beyond-the-self orientation. Repeated administration reveals promising psychometric properties. For instance, the CPS demonstrates excellent internal consistency (α = .916‒.935) and convergent validity. In exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, items fell onto the three dimensions, and the measure accounted for variance on indicators of a beyond-the-self orientation above and beyond the PIL. In addition to discussing the measure’s creation and validation, suggested uses of the CPS are also addressed.
{"title":"Claremont Purpose Scale: A Measure that Assesses the Three Dimensions of Purpose among Adolescents","authors":"K. Bronk, B. Riches, Susan A. Mangan","doi":"10.1080/15427609.2018.1441577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2018.1441577","url":null,"abstract":"The 12-item Claremont Purpose Scale (CPS) was designed for use with adolescents, and it gauges all three dimensions of the purpose construct, including goal-directedness, personal meaning, and a beyond-the-self orientation. Repeated administration reveals promising psychometric properties. For instance, the CPS demonstrates excellent internal consistency (α = .916‒.935) and convergent validity. In exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, items fell onto the three dimensions, and the measure accounted for variance on indicators of a beyond-the-self orientation above and beyond the PIL. In addition to discussing the measure’s creation and validation, suggested uses of the CPS are also addressed.","PeriodicalId":47096,"journal":{"name":"Research in Human Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"101 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427609.2018.1441577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43711098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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