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Book review: Remembrance and Forgiveness: Global and Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Genocide and Mass Violence 书评:《纪念与宽恕:种族灭绝和大规模暴力的全球和跨学科视角》
IF 1.1 2区 心理学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/17506980221150891a
J. Apsel
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引用次数: 1
Book review: An Everlasting Name: Cultural Remembrance and Traditions of Onymic Commemoration 书评:一个永恒的名字:文化纪念与匿名纪念传统
IF 1.1 2区 心理学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/17506980221150891c
S. Waterman
authors argue that the project creates a platform for the disaster stories of Langtangpas, employing memory work as ‘a recursive and adaptive process of gathering’ (p. 365). In the final chapter, ‘Bhukampa: Nepali Recitations of an Earthquake Aftermath’, Michael Hutt focusses on Nepali poetry post-earthquake. He investigates the literary form of memory by questioning whether the contents of poetry are an ‘endogenous response’ (p. 368) and, if so, how they differ from the broader ‘endogenous response’ to life. Hutt identifies six poetry motifs relating to the disaster: anguish and determination, witness, the bhukampa (earthquake) as a punisher, the bhukampa as unifier and leveller, the distribution of loss, and political anger and distrust. Although the poets are mainly men from dominant castes, they are also individuals with personal subjectivities and in the poems, they express a general unity as a Nepali nation. Overall, this edited work is of special significance in the field of disaster studies since it was completed by multidisciplinary authors who specialise in Nepal and Himalayan studies; of the 33 authors, 14 are Nepali nationals (p. 17). The work combines the memory of the past and the ongoing memorisation in an integrative collection, which encompasses memory studies and spans the timeline of an entire event. The volume raises many useful questions and presents valuable evidence, particularly for researchers and readers interested in disaster studies and contemporary Himalayan and South Asian studies.
作者认为,该项目为朗坦帕斯的灾难故事创建了一个平台,将记忆工作作为“一个递归和自适应的收集过程”(第365页)。在最后一章“Bhukampa:地震后的尼泊尔朗诵”中,Michael Hutt重点介绍了地震后尼泊尔诗歌。他通过质疑诗歌的内容是否是“内生反应”(第368页),以及如果是,它们与对生活更广泛的“内生响应”有何不同,来研究记忆的文学形式。赫特确定了与这场灾难有关的六个诗歌主题:痛苦和决心、见证、作为惩罚者的布坎帕(地震)、作为统一者和平等者的布坎帕、损失的分配以及政治愤怒和不信任。尽管诗人主要是来自统治种姓的人,但他们也是具有个人主观主义的个人,在诗歌中,他们表达了作为一个尼泊尔民族的普遍团结。总的来说,这部经过编辑的作品在灾害研究领域具有特殊意义,因为它是由专门研究尼泊尔和喜马拉雅山的多学科作者完成的;在33名提交人中,14人为尼泊尔国民(第17页)。这项工作将过去的记忆和正在进行的记忆结合在一个综合的集合中,该集合包括记忆研究,并跨越整个事件的时间线。该卷提出了许多有用的问题,并提供了有价值的证据,特别是对于对灾害研究以及当代喜马拉雅和南亚研究感兴趣的研究人员和读者来说。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Memory and Nation-Building: World War II in Malaysian Literature 书评:《记忆与国家建设:马来西亚文学中的第二次世界大战》
IF 1.1 2区 心理学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/17506980221150891
Jocelyn S Martin
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Epicentre to Aftermath: Rebuilding and Remembering in the Wake of Nepal’s Earthquakes 书评:史诗般的结局:尼泊尔地震后的重建与记忆
IF 1.1 2区 心理学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/17506980221150891b
Jingwei Li
The above descriptions give the potential reader a sample of the volume’s important, thoughtprovoking essays. However, the volume could be strengthened in a number of ways. For example, the editors’ introduction would benefit from further contextualization about what is described as the volume’s launching of ‘an interdisciplinary inquiry into the science of remembrance and forgiveness’ (p. 3). How does this fit within (or substantially differ from) the history and growing literature of genocide and memory studies and related fields, which for decades have been focused on these same issues of transitional justice, remembrance, and forgiveness. The editors also missed an opportunity by leaving the reader very much on his or her own to pick and choose which articles and themes might be of interest. While the essays are in conversation with one another, for most readers more guidance on the content and parameters of such dialogues would be helpful. This would include expanding the brief introduction to include more about the editors (who put together such an outstanding collection, but do not contribute an essay or conclusion to the volume) and their positionality, as well as further discussion of thematic links. If there is a second edition—and I hope there will be, as this volume has potential for widespread use in relevant courses—this reviewer suggests a more detailed introduction and conclusion by the editors and, most importantly, a thematic reorganization of the contributions with short introductions to the key themes and frameworks in each section. This kind of editorial guidance would help readers (and I am particularly thinking of students) make connections between the rich and varied 16 case studies in the volume. In conclusion, Remembrance and Forgiveness: Global and Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Genocide and Mass Violence, with its excellent array of case studies ranging from Timor-Leste and Ethiopia to Rwanda and Argentina, is a collection of outstanding essays that will be of interest to many different audiences.
以上描述为潜在读者提供了该卷重要的、发人深省的文章样本。然而,可以通过多种方式加强这一数量。例如,编辑们的引言将受益于对该卷所描述的“对记忆和宽恕科学的跨学科调查”的进一步语境化(第3页)。这与种族灭绝和记忆研究及相关领域的历史和不断增长的文献有何契合之处(或有何实质性区别)?几十年来,这些领域一直专注于过渡时期司法、记忆和宽恕等同样的问题。编辑们也错过了一个机会,让读者自己挑选可能感兴趣的文章和主题。当这些文章相互对话时,对大多数读者来说,对这些对话的内容和参数提供更多指导将是有益的。这将包括扩大简介范围,包括更多关于编辑(他们汇集了如此优秀的作品集,但没有为本卷贡献文章或结论)及其立场的信息,以及对主题联系的进一步讨论。如果有第二版——我希望会有,因为这本书有可能在相关课程中广泛使用——这位评论家建议编辑们进行更详细的介绍和结论,最重要的是,对贡献进行主题重组,并对每一节的关键主题和框架进行简短介绍。这种编辑指导将帮助读者(我特别想到学生)将本卷中丰富多样的16个案例研究联系起来。最后,《纪念与宽恕:种族灭绝和大规模暴力的全球和跨学科视角》汇集了从东帝汶和埃塞俄比亚到卢旺达和阿根廷的一系列优秀案例研究,是一本优秀的散文集,将引起许多不同受众的兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Between remembrance and commerce: Writing a painting treatise in nineteenth-century Shanghai 在记忆与商业之间——写一篇十九世纪上海的绘画论文
IF 1.1 2区 心理学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/17506980231155556
Monica Klasing Chen
This study takes a socio-historical approach to analyze a case of how practical painting knowledge was historicized during nineteenth-century China. After the Taiping War (1850–1864), a civil war that left urban centers in the cultural heartland of China in ruins, scholars sought to recover and commemorate the past. The professional painter Dai Yiheng publicly engaged his traumatic war experience to cater to a new audience of foreign students in Shanghai. The tension between the commercial environment of Shanghai and his personal experience becomes visible in both his paintings and writings. Through a practice of temporal layering in his work, Dai managed to combine the demands of his profession and his personal trauma.
本研究采用社会历史的方法来分析19世纪中国实践绘画知识是如何被历史化的。太平战争(1850–1864)是一场内战,使中国文化中心的城市中心成为废墟。太平战争之后,学者们试图恢复和纪念过去。专业画家戴一恒公开讲述了自己的战争创伤经历,以迎合上海留学生的新观众。上海的商业环境和他的个人经历之间的紧张关系在他的绘画和写作中都是显而易见的。戴通过在作品中的时间分层实践,设法将职业需求和个人创伤结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
Far-right digital memory activism: Transnational circulation of memes and memory of Yugoslav wars 极右翼数字记忆行动主义:模因的跨国流通与南斯拉夫战争记忆
IF 1.1 2区 心理学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/17506980231155596
Katarina Ristić
The terrorist attacks in Norway in 2011 and New Zealand in 2019 have revealed that the far-right worldwide uses the memory of the Yugoslav wars for online mobilization. Scholars working on memory activism usually deal with the liberal, self-critical memory emerging from the bottom-up activism of human rights groups while neglecting the activism of the far-right. This article fills the gap by addressing the global circulation of two memes, Remove Kebab and Pepe the Frog, as examples of far-right memory activism. In order to address the transnational circulation of memes as memory activism, this article employs the concept of ‘traveling memory’ while relying on multimodal discourse analysis to unveil the processes of memetic transformation, imitation, iconization and narrativization. The analysis reveals an alternative memory of Yugoslav wars that depicts Serbia as the first case of ‘white genocide’ in Europe, reversing the roles of war criminals and victims while propagating violence and celebrating genocide. The article argues that memory studies can no longer ignore memory production of far-right communities and, at the same time, outlines the method for examining far-right digital memory activism, revealing a whole set of mnemonic practices developed among the anonymous fringe communities of the far-right.
2011年在挪威和2019年在新西兰发生的恐怖袭击表明,世界各地的极右翼利用南斯拉夫战争的记忆进行网络动员。从事记忆激进主义研究的学者通常处理人权团体自下而上的激进主义中产生的自由主义、自我批评的记忆,而忽视了极右翼的激进学。这篇文章填补了这一空白,将两个模因——Remove Kebab和Pepe the Frog——作为极右翼记忆激进主义的例子,在全球范围内传播。为了将模因的跨国传播视为记忆激进主义,本文运用“旅行记忆”的概念,并借助多模态话语分析,揭示了模因的转换、模仿、图像化和叙事化过程。该分析揭示了南斯拉夫战争的另一种记忆,将塞尔维亚描绘成欧洲第一个“白人种族灭绝”案例,在传播暴力和庆祝种族灭绝的同时,扭转了战犯和受害者的角色。文章认为,记忆研究不能再忽视极右翼社区的记忆产生,同时概述了检查极右翼数字记忆激进主义的方法,揭示了极右翼匿名边缘社区中发展起来的一整套助记符实践。
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引用次数: 0
Echoes of famine: Effects of the embodied memories of the Spanish Hunger Years (1939–1952) on survivors’ subsequent food practices and attitudes 饥荒的回声:西班牙饥饿年代(1939-1952)的具体记忆对幸存者随后的食物习惯和态度的影响
IF 1.1 2区 心理学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/17506980231155569
Gloria Román Ruiz
This article explores the echoes that resonate in the present of the embodied memories of the Spanish Hunger Years (1939–1952) during the post-war period of Franco’s dictatorship. More specifically, it analyses both the bodily and mental effects of those traumatic memories on the survivors’ subsequent dietary practices and their perceptions of the socio-political reality. For this purpose, the study relies on the first-hand personal memories of those who were children during the 1940s. It is argued that there are continuities between these embodied memories and the eating habits of the survivors and their attitudes towards subsequent periods of prosperity and crisis.
这篇文章探讨了在佛朗哥独裁统治的战后时期,西班牙饥饿年代(1939–1952)的具体记忆在当下引起共鸣的回声。更具体地说,它分析了这些创伤记忆对幸存者随后的饮食习惯和他们对社会政治现实的看法的身心影响。为此,这项研究依赖于那些在20世纪40年代还是孩子的人的第一手个人记忆。有人认为,这些具体化的记忆与幸存者的饮食习惯以及他们对随后繁荣和危机时期的态度之间存在着连续性。
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引用次数: 1
Marginal(ized) plurality: An empirical conceptualization of Michael Rothberg’s “multidirectional memory” in German educational settings 边际(化)多元性:德国教育环境中迈克尔·罗斯伯格“多向记忆”的经验概念
IF 1.1 2区 心理学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/17506980231155562
S. Arnold, Sebastian Bischoff
In this article, we apply Michael Rothberg’s concept of “multidirectional memory” to an empirical setting, by analyzing qualitative interviews with 124 educators in the field of memory work, such as museum and memorial site employees, teachers, volunteers of non-governmental organizations, and civil society initiatives. We analyzed where they come across memory conflicts and commonality, and what the respective “enabling conditions” were, that is, the influencing factors that promoted or prevented developments toward multidirectionality in the sense of a “differentiated solidarity.” We found only a few examples of this kind of multidirectional memory in educational settings. It was fostered by four factors: personal autobiographical experiences, political positions, structural/institutional aspects, and certain pedagogical principles. By contrast, different forms of competitive memory were dominant: first, “Conflicting Memory” characterized by differing politics; second, “Divided Memory” characterized by a perception of resource competition; and third, “Fragmented Memory,” consisting of a form of sympathetic ignorance by which memories of other groups or events are tolerated, but not actively interlinked. Central topics that emerge within memory conflicts and entanglements are the history of National Socialism, World War II and the Shoah, the history of the state of Israel and the Israel-Palestinian conflict, the Armenian Genocide, the history of the Ottoman Empire and—to a lesser extent—the history of colonialism. We argue that much can be gained by applying Rothberg’s concept to contemporary empirical settings, both in order to understand its current implications but also to help flesh out its underlying theoretical notions. These are regarding possible “negative” forms of multidirectional memory, as well as the implications and ethics of historical comparisons.
在这篇文章中,我们将迈克尔·罗斯伯格的“多向记忆”概念应用到一个实证环境中,通过分析对124名记忆工作领域的教育工作者的定性采访,如博物馆和纪念馆的员工、教师、非政府组织的志愿者和民间社会倡议。我们分析了它们在哪里遇到记忆冲突和共性,以及各自的“有利条件”是什么,也就是说,在“差异化团结”的意义上,促进或阻止多向发展的影响因素。我们只发现了教育环境中这种多向记忆的少数例子。它是由四个因素促成的:个人自传体经历、政治立场、结构/制度方面以及某些教学原则。相比之下,不同形式的竞争记忆占主导地位:首先,以不同政治为特征的“冲突记忆”;第二,以资源竞争感知为特征的“分裂记忆”;第三,“碎片记忆”,由一种同情性的无知形式组成,通过这种无知形式,对其他群体或事件的记忆是可以容忍的,但不是主动联系的。记忆冲突和纠缠中出现的中心话题是国家社会主义史、第二次世界大战和大屠杀、以色列国历史和以巴冲突、亚美尼亚种族灭绝、奥斯曼帝国历史,以及在较小程度上的殖民主义历史。我们认为,将罗斯伯格的概念应用于当代实证环境可以获得很多好处,既可以理解其当前的含义,也可以帮助充实其潜在的理论概念。这些是关于多向记忆的可能“负面”形式,以及历史比较的含义和伦理。
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引用次数: 2
The counter-monument as mnemonic device: The case of the Statues of Peace in South Korea 作为记忆装置的反纪念碑:以韩国和平雕像为例
IF 1.1 2区 心理学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/17506980231155577
Jieheerah Yun
This article analyzes the removal and restoration of the “Statues of Peace” in South Korea. Although the presence of the statues has generated political tensions, various attempts to take down the statues have been met with recalcitrance and restorations. This article argues that processes of demolishing, re-erecting, and making modifications to the monuments function as ways of provoking a public debate, in the process becoming themselves a mnemonic device. This article concludes that despite criticisms of the concept of counter-monument, first formulated by James E. Young, this concept can become a valuable design tool if it is understood as a continuum rather than a binary construct. This study contributes to the current academic debate regarding counter-monuments and urban memorials by illustrating how the tactics of the counter-monument may vary.
本文分析了韩国对“和平雕像”的拆除和修复。尽管雕像的出现引发了政治紧张局势,但拆除雕像的各种尝试都遭到了抵制和修复。这篇文章认为,拆除、重建和修改纪念碑的过程是引发公众辩论的一种方式,在这个过程中,它们本身就是一种助记符。这篇文章的结论是,尽管詹姆斯·E·杨首先提出了反纪念碑的概念,但如果将其理解为一个连续体而不是二元结构,这个概念可以成为一个有价值的设计工具。这项研究通过说明反纪念碑的策略如何变化,为当前关于反纪念碑和城市纪念碑的学术辩论做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Creating memory of COVID-19: The actions of museums and archives in Spain 创建COVID-19记忆:西班牙博物馆和档案馆的行动
IF 1.1 2区 心理学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/17506980231155560
Xavier Roigé, A. Canals, Marta Rico
The COVID-19 pandemic is an historic event that has affected the entire world, but since it has been experienced differently in each country, locality and family, it will also be remembered in different ways. This article provides an analysis of the ways in which museums and archives have sought to document the pandemic in Spain to create memory discourses for the future. This includes an account of the subjects that have been documented, the exhibitions held, the online and in situ initiatives undertaken, and the nature of physical and virtual items collected. The museums and archival institutions have collected many documents, images and physical objects that will play an important role in the creation of memories about COVID-19 in the future.
新冠肺炎大流行是一个影响了整个世界的历史性事件,但由于每个国家、地区和家庭的经历不同,它也将以不同的方式被铭记。本文分析了博物馆和档案馆试图记录西班牙疫情的方式,为未来创造记忆话语。这包括记录的主题、举办的展览、开展的在线和现场活动,以及收集的实物和虚拟物品的性质。博物馆和档案机构收集了许多文件、图像和实物,它们将在未来创造关于新冠肺炎的记忆中发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Memory Studies
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