Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1177/17506980241255074
J. Candelaria, Joselito Ebro
In this article, we examine the representation and contestation of Filipino comfort women’s memories on YouTube and assess the platform’s role in public discourse and transnational activism. Our content analysis of visual and narrative elements, alongside user commentary on selected videos, reveals that YouTube acts as a crucial transnational medium, linking advocacy networks and contextualizing historical narratives. However, the videos often sensationalize the victims’ experiences, undermining the seriousness of sexual violence, which could potentially weaken advocacy efforts. Moreover, user commentary on the videos can promote counter-narratives, rumors, and hostile comments. Despite these challenges, we underscore YouTube’s significance in fostering public discourse on war memories and justice in the Philippines in light of the government’s efforts to suppress the history of Filipino comfort women. The platform encourages the sharing of corroborative postmemory, enhancing war memorialization and audience engagement, and supporting the women’s claims of abuse. Ultimately, YouTube’s role as an open forum for discussion is vital in fostering dialogues for peace and justice and countering propaganda and hate.
{"title":"The Filipino comfort women on YouTube: Emotions, advocacy, and war memories in a transnational digital space","authors":"J. Candelaria, Joselito Ebro","doi":"10.1177/17506980241255074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980241255074","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we examine the representation and contestation of Filipino comfort women’s memories on YouTube and assess the platform’s role in public discourse and transnational activism. Our content analysis of visual and narrative elements, alongside user commentary on selected videos, reveals that YouTube acts as a crucial transnational medium, linking advocacy networks and contextualizing historical narratives. However, the videos often sensationalize the victims’ experiences, undermining the seriousness of sexual violence, which could potentially weaken advocacy efforts. Moreover, user commentary on the videos can promote counter-narratives, rumors, and hostile comments. Despite these challenges, we underscore YouTube’s significance in fostering public discourse on war memories and justice in the Philippines in light of the government’s efforts to suppress the history of Filipino comfort women. The platform encourages the sharing of corroborative postmemory, enhancing war memorialization and audience engagement, and supporting the women’s claims of abuse. Ultimately, YouTube’s role as an open forum for discussion is vital in fostering dialogues for peace and justice and countering propaganda and hate.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1177/17506980241255068
Outi Kähäri
In this article, I use narrative analysis to examine practices of postmemorial resistance to oppressive authorities in interviews with descendants of Ingrian Finns. The themes that were important to the interviewees concerned questions of historical and contemporary social injustice activated by family memory. My two case studies, based on biographical data collected in Finland in 2020–2021, reflect Ingrians’ descendants’ experiences of marginalization, based both on their inherited family memories of oppression and on their own experiences of having a different family story than those of the social majority. My analysis reveals how the postmemorial work of the descendants of Ingrians is socially, politically and temporally expansive. In contrast to Hirsch, I argue that postmemory, as processed in acts that I conceptualize as postmemorial expressive and rhetorical resistance practices, reflects an identity position.
{"title":"Postmemorial work of moral valence: A study of the resistance practices of Ingrian descendants","authors":"Outi Kähäri","doi":"10.1177/17506980241255068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980241255068","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I use narrative analysis to examine practices of postmemorial resistance to oppressive authorities in interviews with descendants of Ingrian Finns. The themes that were important to the interviewees concerned questions of historical and contemporary social injustice activated by family memory. My two case studies, based on biographical data collected in Finland in 2020–2021, reflect Ingrians’ descendants’ experiences of marginalization, based both on their inherited family memories of oppression and on their own experiences of having a different family story than those of the social majority. My analysis reveals how the postmemorial work of the descendants of Ingrians is socially, politically and temporally expansive. In contrast to Hirsch, I argue that postmemory, as processed in acts that I conceptualize as postmemorial expressive and rhetorical resistance practices, reflects an identity position.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141365782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1177/17506980241243034
Radhika Hettiarachchi
The article presents a public history practitioner’s perspective on memory activism, critically engaging with the experiences and lessons learned in the implementation of two public history projects in Sri Lanka – the Herstories Project and the Community Memorialisation Project. It draws on personal reflections and observations made while returning to some of the women participants to renew their consent for a new public iteration of their narratives, nearly a decade after first documenting their histories. It examines some of the conceptual and practical questions that emerged while implementing memory projects with the ‘public’ purposes of peacebuilding and transitional justice outcomes. Through six vignettes, it explores the complicated nature of ‘consent’ through the lens of agency, identity and the construction of victimhood. I argue that memory initiatives need to be cognisant of how power asymmetries and ‘macro-narratives’ frame how stories are told, to whom, and for what purpose, and that when consent is given, it is not given in perpetuity.
{"title":"In search of consent: Agency, audience and identity in memory activism","authors":"Radhika Hettiarachchi","doi":"10.1177/17506980241243034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980241243034","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a public history practitioner’s perspective on memory activism, critically engaging with the experiences and lessons learned in the implementation of two public history projects in Sri Lanka – the Herstories Project and the Community Memorialisation Project. It draws on personal reflections and observations made while returning to some of the women participants to renew their consent for a new public iteration of their narratives, nearly a decade after first documenting their histories. It examines some of the conceptual and practical questions that emerged while implementing memory projects with the ‘public’ purposes of peacebuilding and transitional justice outcomes. Through six vignettes, it explores the complicated nature of ‘consent’ through the lens of agency, identity and the construction of victimhood. I argue that memory initiatives need to be cognisant of how power asymmetries and ‘macro-narratives’ frame how stories are told, to whom, and for what purpose, and that when consent is given, it is not given in perpetuity.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141412651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1177/17506980241239900
Paul Hanebrink
{"title":"Book review: Memory in Hungarian Fascism: A Cultural History","authors":"Paul Hanebrink","doi":"10.1177/17506980241239900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980241239900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1177/17506980241240043
Alok Mishra, Vinita Chandra
{"title":"Book review: The Political Life of Memory: Birsa Munda in Contemporary India","authors":"Alok Mishra, Vinita Chandra","doi":"10.1177/17506980241240043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980241240043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141410293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1177/17506980241243236
Aditi Razdan
From 1989 to 1991, the majority of Kashmiri Pandits (Hindus) were displaced from their home in the Muslim-majority Indian-administered Kashmir Valley, in a crisis which I refer to as the displacement. The period that has followed in the Kashmir Valley has been marred by heavy military presence and state violence against Kashmiris – mostly Muslim – who have remained in Kashmir. More than three decades later, Kashmir is still a contested region; memories of the displacement are unreconciled and its diaspora remains divided. This article reveals how memory-work through storytelling can impede reconciliation processes by reinforcing enduring narratives of marginalisation. These enduring narratives frame contemporary memory-making and prevent groups from seeing their implication in oppressive structures. Drawing on Kashmiri conceptual paradigms and oral history interviews with Kashmiri Pandit and Muslim diasporic communities in Australia, I examine both what Kashmiri Pandit and Muslim diaspora share, and why they find it hard to take on the narrative perspective of the other side. While Pandits and Muslims draw on a shared Kashmiri repertoire, they locate themselves very differently within this narrative past. As such, neither Pandits nor Muslims find it easy to see how they are implicated in the direct and structural forms of violence that led to the displacement and subsequent acts of violence. These historical narratives, transmitted through oral stories, may disrupt attempts to institute reparative processes in Kashmir. By analysing this archive of Kashmiri diasporic memory, I argue that this case study complicates our assumptions that personal narratives, particularly in memory-work, are activist vehicles that offer a pathway to healing.
{"title":"The Kashmiri diaspora remembers the displacement: Implication and the challenge of healing","authors":"Aditi Razdan","doi":"10.1177/17506980241243236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980241243236","url":null,"abstract":"From 1989 to 1991, the majority of Kashmiri Pandits (Hindus) were displaced from their home in the Muslim-majority Indian-administered Kashmir Valley, in a crisis which I refer to as the displacement. The period that has followed in the Kashmir Valley has been marred by heavy military presence and state violence against Kashmiris – mostly Muslim – who have remained in Kashmir. More than three decades later, Kashmir is still a contested region; memories of the displacement are unreconciled and its diaspora remains divided. This article reveals how memory-work through storytelling can impede reconciliation processes by reinforcing enduring narratives of marginalisation. These enduring narratives frame contemporary memory-making and prevent groups from seeing their implication in oppressive structures. Drawing on Kashmiri conceptual paradigms and oral history interviews with Kashmiri Pandit and Muslim diasporic communities in Australia, I examine both what Kashmiri Pandit and Muslim diaspora share, and why they find it hard to take on the narrative perspective of the other side. While Pandits and Muslims draw on a shared Kashmiri repertoire, they locate themselves very differently within this narrative past. As such, neither Pandits nor Muslims find it easy to see how they are implicated in the direct and structural forms of violence that led to the displacement and subsequent acts of violence. These historical narratives, transmitted through oral stories, may disrupt attempts to institute reparative processes in Kashmir. By analysing this archive of Kashmiri diasporic memory, I argue that this case study complicates our assumptions that personal narratives, particularly in memory-work, are activist vehicles that offer a pathway to healing.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1177/17506980241241591
Chulani Kodikara
In January 2010, Prageeth Ekneligoda, a journalist based in Colombo, Sri Lanka was forcibly disappeared. Since then, his wife Sandya has been searching for truth and justice while organising periodic protests to keep his memory alive in the public sphere. In some of these protests, she invokes Kali, the Hindu mother goddess of death and destruction, beseeching her to punish the perpetrators. Foregrounding public cursing as a form of memory activism, with its own aesthetics, this article makes three interrelated arguments. First, I argue that protest performances that foreground impunity can be analysed as powerful enactments of ‘dissident memory’ that challenge ‘official political memory’ and its manifestations in the ‘memoryscape’ of a nation. Second, I locate Sandya’s protest performance within a broader local and global vein of gendered activism in contexts of mass disappearances that shifts the aesthetics and affective mood/register of the disappearance protest from grief and mourning to rage and vengeance, taps into memory differently, and intervenes in the postwar memoryscape from a different agentive location. Third, I argue that Sandya’s increasing reliance on cursing must be apprehended as a response to continued impunity, which decentres the victims and survivors in favour of insistently centring and remembering the perpetrators.
{"title":"Disappearances, dissident memory and magic: Sandya Ekneligoda’s struggle for justice","authors":"Chulani Kodikara","doi":"10.1177/17506980241241591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980241241591","url":null,"abstract":"In January 2010, Prageeth Ekneligoda, a journalist based in Colombo, Sri Lanka was forcibly disappeared. Since then, his wife Sandya has been searching for truth and justice while organising periodic protests to keep his memory alive in the public sphere. In some of these protests, she invokes Kali, the Hindu mother goddess of death and destruction, beseeching her to punish the perpetrators. Foregrounding public cursing as a form of memory activism, with its own aesthetics, this article makes three interrelated arguments. First, I argue that protest performances that foreground impunity can be analysed as powerful enactments of ‘dissident memory’ that challenge ‘official political memory’ and its manifestations in the ‘memoryscape’ of a nation. Second, I locate Sandya’s protest performance within a broader local and global vein of gendered activism in contexts of mass disappearances that shifts the aesthetics and affective mood/register of the disappearance protest from grief and mourning to rage and vengeance, taps into memory differently, and intervenes in the postwar memoryscape from a different agentive location. Third, I argue that Sandya’s increasing reliance on cursing must be apprehended as a response to continued impunity, which decentres the victims and survivors in favour of insistently centring and remembering the perpetrators.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1177/17506980241240718
Yujie Zhu
In memory studies, museums and memorials have been actively employed in constructing and reinterpreting the social memories of nation-states and sub-groups within national populations. As such, scholarly debates have often focused on the roles of social and political elites in creating national remembrance. This article provides an alternative theoretical and empirical lens that focuses on China’s local memory practices and initiatives within the context of private museums and their dynamic interaction with the state. It examines how grassroots communities in Yan’an use private museum space to commemorate, interpret and negotiate local histories promoted by political elites. While local governments actively promote official sites of memory in Yan’an as the roots of Chinese communism for patriotic education, the private museum offers an alternative form of public space for social gatherings and memory transmission. Instead of promoting a grand narrative of the founding of the nation, the private museum focuses on local folk culture and the representation of the everyday landscape in response to rapid social change. Such forms of local commemoration are not driven by radical social movements that challenge the dominant historical narrative of ruling elites. Instead, they provide spaces for local communities to safely negotiate, communicate and sometimes compromise within and through official constraints. The findings contribute to our understanding of memory politics and its roles in shaping the state-society relationships of modern China.
{"title":"Private museum as public space: Local remembering and memory politics in Yan’an, China","authors":"Yujie Zhu","doi":"10.1177/17506980241240718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980241240718","url":null,"abstract":"In memory studies, museums and memorials have been actively employed in constructing and reinterpreting the social memories of nation-states and sub-groups within national populations. As such, scholarly debates have often focused on the roles of social and political elites in creating national remembrance. This article provides an alternative theoretical and empirical lens that focuses on China’s local memory practices and initiatives within the context of private museums and their dynamic interaction with the state. It examines how grassroots communities in Yan’an use private museum space to commemorate, interpret and negotiate local histories promoted by political elites. While local governments actively promote official sites of memory in Yan’an as the roots of Chinese communism for patriotic education, the private museum offers an alternative form of public space for social gatherings and memory transmission. Instead of promoting a grand narrative of the founding of the nation, the private museum focuses on local folk culture and the representation of the everyday landscape in response to rapid social change. Such forms of local commemoration are not driven by radical social movements that challenge the dominant historical narrative of ruling elites. Instead, they provide spaces for local communities to safely negotiate, communicate and sometimes compromise within and through official constraints. The findings contribute to our understanding of memory politics and its roles in shaping the state-society relationships of modern China.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1177/17506980241243037
Shameem Black, Rosanne Kennedy, Lia Kent
The emerging interest in the entanglements between memory, activism and social and political change is an exciting new direction in Memory Studies. This special issue aims to extend the repertoire of histories, cultural practices, and epistemologies from which theorizing about the memory-activism nexus is drawn through a focus on Asia and the Pacific, including diasporic communities in Australia. By centring engagements with memory in Asia as well as the Pacific, the issue opens new lines of inquiry.
{"title":"Memory, activism and the arts in Asia and the Pacific","authors":"Shameem Black, Rosanne Kennedy, Lia Kent","doi":"10.1177/17506980241243037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980241243037","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging interest in the entanglements between memory, activism and social and political change is an exciting new direction in Memory Studies. This special issue aims to extend the repertoire of histories, cultural practices, and epistemologies from which theorizing about the memory-activism nexus is drawn through a focus on Asia and the Pacific, including diasporic communities in Australia. By centring engagements with memory in Asia as well as the Pacific, the issue opens new lines of inquiry.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141398551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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