Pub Date : 2017-11-16DOI: 10.1007/s11050-017-9140-0
Yael Greenberg
This paper concentrates on giving precise content to the general wisdom on the scalar presupposition of even, according to which the prejacent of even, p, is stronger than its relevant focus alternatives, q. To that end I first examine both familiar challenges for the popular ‘comparative likelihood’ view of the ‘stronger than’ relation, as well as novel challenges, having to do with the context dependency of even (with entailed and non-entailed alternatives) and with its sensitivity to standards of comparison. To overcome these challenges and to account for the full range of data I develop a revised, ‘gradability-based’ scalar presupposition for even, which differs from the ‘comparative likelihood’ one in several respects: instead of directly comparing degrees to which propositions (namely p and q) are more or less likely, we compare extents to which non-focus entities x in p and q (in the accessible p worlds and the exhaustified q worlds) exceed the salient standard on a scale associated with a contextually supplied gradable property G. To capture cases where information about contrastive topics is crucial for fixing two distinct standards on G, I follow theories which view even as a general, two-place alternative-sensitive operator, allowing it to associate with both focus and contrastive topics. Beyond the ability to account for a large range of intricate felicity variations and inferences found with even, a more general contribution of the paper lies in showing the linguistic relevance of tools originally developed in the literature on gradable predicates to the semantics of scalar alternative–sensitive particles.
为此，我首先考察了流行的 "比较可能性 "观点对 "强于 "关系的熟悉挑战，以及新的挑战，这些挑战与偶数的语境依赖性（包含有尾和无尾替代品）及其对比较标准的敏感性有关。为了克服这些挑战并解释所有的数据，我为 even 提出了一个经过修订的、"基于梯度 "的标度预设，它在几个方面不同于 "比较可能性 "预设：我们不是直接比较命题（即 p 和 q）的可能性大小，而是比较 p 和 q 中（在可获得的 p 世界和穷尽的 q 世界中）的非焦点实体 x 在与上下文提供的梯度属性 G 相关的标度上超过显著标准的程度。为了捕捉对比性主题的信息对于在 G 上确定两个不同标准至关重要的情况，我遵循了这样的理论，即把偶数看作是一个一般的、两处替代敏感的算子，允许它同时与焦点和对比性主题相关联。除了能解释偶的大量错综复杂的幸福感变化和推论之外，本文更普遍的贡献在于展示了最初在可渐变谓词文献中开发的工具与标量替代敏感粒子语义的语言相关性。
{"title":"A revised, gradability-based semantics for even","authors":"Yael Greenberg","doi":"10.1007/s11050-017-9140-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-017-9140-0","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concentrates on giving precise content to the general wisdom on the scalar presupposition of <i>even,</i> according to which the prejacent of <i>even</i>, <i>p,</i> is stronger than its relevant focus alternatives, <i>q.</i> To that end I first examine both familiar challenges for the popular ‘comparative likelihood’ view of the ‘stronger than’ relation, as well as novel challenges, having to do with the context dependency of even (with entailed and non-entailed alternatives) and with its sensitivity to standards of comparison. To overcome these challenges and to account for the full range of data I develop a revised, ‘gradability-based’ scalar presupposition for <i>even,</i> which differs from the ‘comparative likelihood’ one in several respects: instead of directly comparing degrees to which propositions (namely <i>p</i> and <i>q</i>) are more or less likely, we compare extents to which non-focus entities x in <i>p</i> and <i>q</i> (in the accessible <i>p</i> worlds and the exhaustified <i>q</i> worlds) exceed the salient standard on a scale associated with a contextually supplied gradable property G. To capture cases where information about contrastive topics is crucial for fixing two distinct standards on G, I follow theories which view <i>even</i> as a general, two-place alternative-sensitive operator, allowing it to associate with both focus and contrastive topics. Beyond the ability to account for a large range of intricate felicity variations and inferences found with <i>even,</i> a more general contribution of the paper lies in showing the linguistic relevance of tools originally developed in the literature on gradable predicates to the semantics of scalar alternative–sensitive particles.","PeriodicalId":47108,"journal":{"name":"Natural Language Semantics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-22DOI: 10.1007/s11050-017-9135-x
Alexandre Cremers, E. Chemla
{"title":"Experiments on the acceptability and possible readings of questions embedded under emotive-factives","authors":"Alexandre Cremers, E. Chemla","doi":"10.1007/s11050-017-9135-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-017-9135-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47108,"journal":{"name":"Natural Language Semantics","volume":"25 1","pages":"223 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11050-017-9135-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52482859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-21DOI: 10.1007/s11050-016-9129-0
Tomoe Arii, Kristen Syrett, Takuya Goro
{"title":"Investigating the form-meaning mapping in the acquisition of English and Japanese measure phrase comparatives","authors":"Tomoe Arii, Kristen Syrett, Takuya Goro","doi":"10.1007/s11050-016-9129-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-016-9129-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47108,"journal":{"name":"Natural Language Semantics","volume":"25 1","pages":"53 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11050-016-9129-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42872807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-18DOI: 10.1007/s11050-016-9130-7
Tim Hunter, J. Lidz, Darko Odic, Alexis Wellwood
{"title":"On how verification tasks are related to verification procedures: a reply to Kotek et al.","authors":"Tim Hunter, J. Lidz, Darko Odic, Alexis Wellwood","doi":"10.1007/s11050-016-9130-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-016-9130-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47108,"journal":{"name":"Natural Language Semantics","volume":"25 1","pages":"91 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11050-016-9130-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43633981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-17DOI: 10.1007/s11050-016-9126-3
Raj Singh, K. Wexler, Andrea Astle-Rahim, D. Kamawar, D. Fox
{"title":"Children interpret disjunction as conjunction: Consequences for theories of implicature and child development","authors":"Raj Singh, K. Wexler, Andrea Astle-Rahim, D. Kamawar, D. Fox","doi":"10.1007/s11050-016-9126-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-016-9126-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47108,"journal":{"name":"Natural Language Semantics","volume":"24 1","pages":"305 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11050-016-9126-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52482815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-15DOI: 10.1007/s11050-016-9128-1
Anne Mucha
{"title":"Past interpretation and graded tense in Medumba","authors":"Anne Mucha","doi":"10.1007/s11050-016-9128-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-016-9128-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47108,"journal":{"name":"Natural Language Semantics","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11050-016-9128-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45855053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1007/s11050-016-9127-2
Marcelo Ferreira
{"title":"The semantic ingredients of imperfectivity in progressives, habituals, and counterfactuals","authors":"Marcelo Ferreira","doi":"10.1007/s11050-016-9127-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-016-9127-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47108,"journal":{"name":"Natural Language Semantics","volume":"24 1","pages":"353 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11050-016-9127-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52482841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-25DOI: 10.1007/s11050-016-9125-4
Magdalena Kaufmann
{"title":"Free choice is a form of dependence","authors":"Magdalena Kaufmann","doi":"10.1007/s11050-016-9125-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-016-9125-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47108,"journal":{"name":"Natural Language Semantics","volume":"24 1","pages":"247 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11050-016-9125-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52482790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-19DOI: 10.1007/s11050-016-9123-6
Luis Vicente
{"title":"Free versus bound variables and the taxonomy of gaps","authors":"Luis Vicente","doi":"10.1007/s11050-016-9123-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-016-9123-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47108,"journal":{"name":"Natural Language Semantics","volume":"24 1","pages":"203 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11050-016-9123-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52482743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：