{"title":"The Coolie’s Great War: Indian Labour in a Global Conflict. By Radhika Singha","authors":"Hilary Buxton","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48953921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Law as Performance: Theatricality, Spectatorship, and the Making of Law in Ancient, Medieval, and Early Modern Europe. By Julie Stone Peters","authors":"Marett Leiboff","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42022687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Riviera Exposed: An Ecohistory of Postwar Tourism and North African Labor. By Stephen L. Harp","authors":"Emily Marker","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41981272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asylum Ways of Seeing: Psychiatric Patients, American Thought and Culture. By Heather Murray","authors":"Kylie M Smith","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45560922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Persistence of Slavery: An Economic History of Child Trafficking in Nigeria. By Robin Phylisia Chapdelaine","authors":"G. Chuku","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43230771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brooks Hefner’s pioneering book deals with popular fiction written by, for, and about African American people between the 1920s and the 1950s. Seen from another angle, it is also about what the Black workingand middle class were reading during that period and how their reading may have offered “utopian solutions to the contradictions of the present” (140), particularly in the face of rampant Jim Crow racism. On these subjects, it delivers fascinating new insights, inviting readers to revise their assumptions about popular fiction and to rethink the fraught relationship between race and genre in American culture. Black Pulp grows out of Hefner’s acute consciousness of the exclusion of Black lives from the predominantly white pulp magazines, at a time when a variety of genres, from romance and hard-boiled detective fiction to fantasy, weird menace, SF, western and hero fiction, were elaborated in and by these periodicals. Although an unknown number of Black writers did write for the pulps, they were not identified as such by the magazines and had to deal with white characters in their stories. As a consequence, Black readers “who were reading the pulps were [. . .] trapped in a genre system that valorized whiteness above all else” (5-6) and was often underpinned by racist prejudice. But, as Hefner shows, a counter, African American, genre fiction developed in the “alternative pulp space” (46) of newspapers like the Pittsburgh Courier and Baltimore Afro-American, which had the largest circulation of all Black newspapers in the country. From the 1920s to the early 1950s (a period which coincides with the pulps’ heyday and decline), these two publications published over 2,500 stories and serial installments written by African American authors, featuring the exploits of African American characters. In Black Pulp, Hefner resurrects this vast body of fiction, which has so far been inexplicably and unjustifiably ignored by literary historians, although its readership was much greater among the Black community than that of what is now known as canonical African American fiction. Revisiting Henry Louis Gates Jr.’s concept of “signifiyin(g)” and Stuart Hall’s theory of cultural articulation, he inscribes Black genre fiction within “the competing literary systems of the early twentieth century” (13), demonstrating that it did not develop in a vacuum but was always characterized by a double articulation: while it dismantled the white pulp generic formulas and reconfigured them “in the service of racial justice” (7), it also offered Black readers the utopian “pleasures of seriality
{"title":"Black Pulp: Genre Fiction in the Shadow of Jim Crow by Brooks Hefner (review)","authors":"Benoît Tadié","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac045","url":null,"abstract":"Brooks Hefner’s pioneering book deals with popular fiction written by, for, and about African American people between the 1920s and the 1950s. Seen from another angle, it is also about what the Black workingand middle class were reading during that period and how their reading may have offered “utopian solutions to the contradictions of the present” (140), particularly in the face of rampant Jim Crow racism. On these subjects, it delivers fascinating new insights, inviting readers to revise their assumptions about popular fiction and to rethink the fraught relationship between race and genre in American culture. Black Pulp grows out of Hefner’s acute consciousness of the exclusion of Black lives from the predominantly white pulp magazines, at a time when a variety of genres, from romance and hard-boiled detective fiction to fantasy, weird menace, SF, western and hero fiction, were elaborated in and by these periodicals. Although an unknown number of Black writers did write for the pulps, they were not identified as such by the magazines and had to deal with white characters in their stories. As a consequence, Black readers “who were reading the pulps were [. . .] trapped in a genre system that valorized whiteness above all else” (5-6) and was often underpinned by racist prejudice. But, as Hefner shows, a counter, African American, genre fiction developed in the “alternative pulp space” (46) of newspapers like the Pittsburgh Courier and Baltimore Afro-American, which had the largest circulation of all Black newspapers in the country. From the 1920s to the early 1950s (a period which coincides with the pulps’ heyday and decline), these two publications published over 2,500 stories and serial installments written by African American authors, featuring the exploits of African American characters. In Black Pulp, Hefner resurrects this vast body of fiction, which has so far been inexplicably and unjustifiably ignored by literary historians, although its readership was much greater among the Black community than that of what is now known as canonical African American fiction. Revisiting Henry Louis Gates Jr.’s concept of “signifiyin(g)” and Stuart Hall’s theory of cultural articulation, he inscribes Black genre fiction within “the competing literary systems of the early twentieth century” (13), demonstrating that it did not develop in a vacuum but was always characterized by a double articulation: while it dismantled the white pulp generic formulas and reconfigured them “in the service of racial justice” (7), it also offered Black readers the utopian “pleasures of seriality","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":"56 1","pages":"895 - 896"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45097540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In her new book, Zo€e Burkholder analyzes more than one hundred and eighty years of debates about education with deep understanding and remarkable clarity of expression. But the value of her book goes significantly beyond this particular strength. Burkholder’s mastery of both the larger social and political contexts embedded in these years is such that it is a very important history of the United States with schools—and ideas about schooling and democracy—at its center. As Lizabeth Cohen did twenty years ago in A Consumer’s Republic, Burkholder roots her narrative in her home state of New Jersey. She uses this home base as a valuable resource for understanding locally expressed cultural patterns that, in some very sad ways, characterize the dominant features of American society. Burkholder begins this history in the 1830 s, when AfricanAmericans in Boston began an “integrationist movement” under the leadership of William C. Neil (19-28). Boston’s Black community worked with some white benefactors to create rigorous community-based schools for their children. Within a few years, this school would become part of the nascent publicly supported school system, except that the Black administrative leadership and faculty were removed at this point and replaced by Whites (18-19). This is just one painfully decisive moment in a larger movement outside the South whereby patterns of segregation in fact (if not precisely in legal text) are established. Early public efforts in the 1850 s to explicitly exclude African-Americans from “common schools” succeed but are then swept back (at least in legal text) between 1863 and 1867, simultaneous with the beginnings of the Port Royal Experiment in South Carolina, which presaged the Reconstruction which began in the South in 1867. In fact, Burkholder notes that, as Reconstruction proceeded in the South, with the help of federal troops, “every Northern state except for Indiana that had previously required or permitted school segregation passed legislation prohibiting it” (33). And yet, these were also the years when de facto segregation flourished. For this reader, Burkholder’s most refreshing and important accomplishment was her consistently detailed attention to enduring disagreements among Blacks over the most practical way to “equalize educational opportunity and advance the civic foundation of public education in a democracy” (8) Starting from the crucial point that this was the universal goal of Northern Blacks, this enduring
在她的新书中，佐伊·伯克霍尔德以深刻的理解和非凡的清晰表达分析了180多年来关于教育的辩论。但她的书的价值远不止于此。伯克霍尔德对这些年来嵌入的更大的社会和政治背景的掌握是这样的，它是一部以学校和关于学校和民主的思想为中心的非常重要的美国历史。正如伊丽莎白·科恩20年前在《消费者共和国》中所做的那样，伯克霍尔德的叙述植根于她的家乡新泽西州。她把这个家庭基地作为一种宝贵的资源来理解当地表达的文化模式，这些文化模式以某种非常可悲的方式描绘了美国社会的主要特征。伯克霍尔德的这段历史始于19世纪30年代，当时波士顿的非裔美国人在威廉·c·尼尔(William C. Neil, 19-28岁)的领导下开始了一场“种族融合运动”。波士顿的黑人社区与一些白人捐助者合作，为他们的孩子建立了严格的社区学校。在几年内，这所学校将成为新生的公共支持的学校系统的一部分，只是黑人行政领导和教师在这一点上被取消，取而代之的是白人(18-19)。这只是南方以外一场更大的运动中痛苦的决定性时刻，事实上(如果不是在法律文本上)种族隔离的模式已经确立。早在19世纪50年代，明确将非裔美国人排除在“普通学校”之外的早期公共努力就取得了成功，但随后在1863年至1867年间(至少在法律文本上)又被击退了(至少在法律文本上)，与此同时，南卡罗来纳州开始了皇家港实验，这预示着1867年在南方开始的重建。事实上，伯克霍尔德指出，随着南方重建的进行，在联邦军队的帮助下，“除了印第安纳州之外，北方所有以前要求或允许学校种族隔离的州都通过了立法禁止它”(33)。然而，这也是事实上的种族隔离盛行的年代。对于读者来说，伯克霍尔德最令人耳目一新的和最重要的成就是她一贯细致地关注黑人之间关于“平等教育机会和推进民主公共教育的公民基础”的最实际方法的长期分歧
{"title":"An African American Dilemma: A History of School Integration and Civil Rights in the North by Zoë Burkholder (review)","authors":"B. Keppel","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac043","url":null,"abstract":"In her new book, Zo€e Burkholder analyzes more than one hundred and eighty years of debates about education with deep understanding and remarkable clarity of expression. But the value of her book goes significantly beyond this particular strength. Burkholder’s mastery of both the larger social and political contexts embedded in these years is such that it is a very important history of the United States with schools—and ideas about schooling and democracy—at its center. As Lizabeth Cohen did twenty years ago in A Consumer’s Republic, Burkholder roots her narrative in her home state of New Jersey. She uses this home base as a valuable resource for understanding locally expressed cultural patterns that, in some very sad ways, characterize the dominant features of American society. Burkholder begins this history in the 1830 s, when AfricanAmericans in Boston began an “integrationist movement” under the leadership of William C. Neil (19-28). Boston’s Black community worked with some white benefactors to create rigorous community-based schools for their children. Within a few years, this school would become part of the nascent publicly supported school system, except that the Black administrative leadership and faculty were removed at this point and replaced by Whites (18-19). This is just one painfully decisive moment in a larger movement outside the South whereby patterns of segregation in fact (if not precisely in legal text) are established. Early public efforts in the 1850 s to explicitly exclude African-Americans from “common schools” succeed but are then swept back (at least in legal text) between 1863 and 1867, simultaneous with the beginnings of the Port Royal Experiment in South Carolina, which presaged the Reconstruction which began in the South in 1867. In fact, Burkholder notes that, as Reconstruction proceeded in the South, with the help of federal troops, “every Northern state except for Indiana that had previously required or permitted school segregation passed legislation prohibiting it” (33). And yet, these were also the years when de facto segregation flourished. For this reader, Burkholder’s most refreshing and important accomplishment was her consistently detailed attention to enduring disagreements among Blacks over the most practical way to “equalize educational opportunity and advance the civic foundation of public education in a democracy” (8) Starting from the crucial point that this was the universal goal of Northern Blacks, this enduring","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":"56 1","pages":"897 - 898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42822992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Central Europe around 1900 was marred with anxiety around the choice of career. This article weaves histories of education, labor, bureaucracy, and the social sciences to show how families reacted to changes in the labor market, including the opening of careers to talent and the mechanization of handicrafts. Parents found themselves unable to guide their children to a safe profession. Whereas previously, career choices were limited, changes in education and the labor market offered adolescents more options. Simultaneously, however, some occupations became endangered and others overcrowded. The erosion of labor stratification gave families the hope of social mobility but also upended their ontological security, as traditional roads to adulthood became impossible to follow. This article uses the discourse on career choice to write a history of this crisis. The discourse was born in early modern Europe to stop parents from forcing their children into a profession against the children's wishes. In nineteenth-century Europe, however, parents and schools weaponized this discourse against each other to widen or narrow access to advanced education. Social scientists concerned with the industrial labor force joined the conversation by turning career choice into a matter of scientific expertise. Finally, the article shows how voluntary associations pioneered the provision of vocational guidance before state intervention after World War I. Thus, the article traces a significant transformation in the transition to adulthood and offers a prehistory of vocational guidance.
{"title":"Social Stratification and Career Choice Anxieties in Nineteenth-Century Central Europe","authors":"Orel Beilinson","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Central Europe around 1900 was marred with anxiety around the choice of career. This article weaves histories of education, labor, bureaucracy, and the social sciences to show how families reacted to changes in the labor market, including the opening of careers to talent and the mechanization of handicrafts. Parents found themselves unable to guide their children to a safe profession. Whereas previously, career choices were limited, changes in education and the labor market offered adolescents more options. Simultaneously, however, some occupations became endangered and others overcrowded. The erosion of labor stratification gave families the hope of social mobility but also upended their ontological security, as traditional roads to adulthood became impossible to follow. This article uses the discourse on career choice to write a history of this crisis. The discourse was born in early modern Europe to stop parents from forcing their children into a profession against the children's wishes. In nineteenth-century Europe, however, parents and schools weaponized this discourse against each other to widen or narrow access to advanced education. Social scientists concerned with the industrial labor force joined the conversation by turning career choice into a matter of scientific expertise. Finally, the article shows how voluntary associations pioneered the provision of vocational guidance before state intervention after World War I. Thus, the article traces a significant transformation in the transition to adulthood and offers a prehistory of vocational guidance.","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":"56 1","pages":"439 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46866730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In this article, I draw on two sets of sources to explore how Peruvian doctors tried to make sense of what had driven a man to engage in necrophilia in late 1942. On the one hand, I examine the case history and other related documentation that I located in Lima's psychiatric hospital. On the other, I study a detailed article written on the case by Dr Lucio D. Castro and published in 1943. Together, these sources provide rich evidence on how Peruvian doctors addressed what they framed as an abnormality of the sexual instinct and, in turn, as a mental disorder. But the case also provides a fascinating vista on a major taboo—sex with the dead—and more generally on the history of "perversion" and therefore on the history of sexuality in Peru. I pay particular attention to how doctors mobilized an eclectic "theoretical artillery" of biomedical knowledge in trying to explain the man's psychopathology. I argue that through their "unruly appropriation" of sexological knowledge, doctors like Castro sought to make meaningful contributions to a global sexual science while proposing means to channel sexuality away from deviant forms in a manner consonant with broader projects of sexual regulation that Peru and other countries promoted at the time.
摘要:在这篇文章中，我借鉴了两组资料来探讨秘鲁医生是如何试图弄清楚1942年末驱使一名男子从事恋尸癖的原因的。一方面，我检查了我在利马精神病院找到的病例历史和其他相关文件。另一方面，我研究了Lucio D. Castro博士在1943年发表的一篇关于这个案例的详细文章。总之，这些资料提供了丰富的证据，说明秘鲁医生如何处理他们认为的性本能异常，进而作为一种精神障碍。但这个案件也为一个主要的禁忌——与死者发生性关系——提供了一个迷人的视角，更广泛地说，是关于“变态”的历史，因此也是关于秘鲁性行为的历史。我特别关注医生们是如何调动生物医学知识中不偏不倚的“理论炮兵”来试图解释这个人的精神病理的。我认为，通过对性学知识的“不守规矩的挪用”，像卡斯特罗这样的医生试图为全球性科学做出有意义的贡献，同时提出了一些方法，以一种与秘鲁和其他国家当时推动的更广泛的性监管项目一致的方式，将性从偏离常规的形式中引导出来。
{"title":"Necrophilia, Psychiatry, and Sexology: The Making of Sexual Science in Mid-Twentieth Century Peru","authors":"P. Drinot","doi":"10.1093/jsh/shac041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shac041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article, I draw on two sets of sources to explore how Peruvian doctors tried to make sense of what had driven a man to engage in necrophilia in late 1942. On the one hand, I examine the case history and other related documentation that I located in Lima's psychiatric hospital. On the other, I study a detailed article written on the case by Dr Lucio D. Castro and published in 1943. Together, these sources provide rich evidence on how Peruvian doctors addressed what they framed as an abnormality of the sexual instinct and, in turn, as a mental disorder. But the case also provides a fascinating vista on a major taboo—sex with the dead—and more generally on the history of \"perversion\" and therefore on the history of sexuality in Peru. I pay particular attention to how doctors mobilized an eclectic \"theoretical artillery\" of biomedical knowledge in trying to explain the man's psychopathology. I argue that through their \"unruly appropriation\" of sexological knowledge, doctors like Castro sought to make meaningful contributions to a global sexual science while proposing means to channel sexuality away from deviant forms in a manner consonant with broader projects of sexual regulation that Peru and other countries promoted at the time.","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":"56 1","pages":"782 - 804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43661678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01Epub Date: 2022-06-02DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742510
Eiji Aramaki, Shoko Wakamiya, Shuntaro Yada, Yuta Nakamura
Objectives: Owing to the rapid progress of natural language processing (NLP), the role of NLP in the medical field has radically gained considerable attention from both NLP and medical informatics. Although numerous medical NLP papers are published annually, there is still a gap between basic NLP research and practical product development. This gap raises questions, such as what has medical NLP achieved in each medical field, and what is the burden for the practical use of NLP? This paper aims to clarify the above questions.
Methods: We explore the literature on potential NLP products/services applied to various medical/clinical/healthcare areas.
Results: This paper introduces clinical applications (bedside applications), in which we introduce the use of NLP for each clinical department, internal medicine, pre-surgery, post-surgery, oncology, radiology, pathology, psychiatry, rehabilitation, obstetrics, and gynecology. Also, we clarify technical problems to be addressed for encouraging bedside applications based on NLP.
Conclusions: These results contribute to discussions regarding potentially feasible NLP applications and highlight research gaps for future studies.
{"title":"Natural Language Processing: from Bedside to Everywhere.","authors":"Eiji Aramaki, Shoko Wakamiya, Shuntaro Yada, Yuta Nakamura","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1742510","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0042-1742510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Owing to the rapid progress of natural language processing (NLP), the role of NLP in the medical field has radically gained considerable attention from both NLP and medical informatics. Although numerous medical NLP papers are published annually, there is still a gap between basic NLP research and practical product development. This gap raises questions, such as what has medical NLP achieved in each medical field, and what is the burden for the practical use of NLP? This paper aims to clarify the above questions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We explore the literature on potential NLP products/services applied to various medical/clinical/healthcare areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This paper introduces clinical applications (bedside applications), in which we introduce the use of NLP for each clinical department, internal medicine, pre-surgery, post-surgery, oncology, radiology, pathology, psychiatry, rehabilitation, obstetrics, and gynecology. Also, we clarify technical problems to be addressed for encouraging bedside applications based on NLP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results contribute to discussions regarding potentially feasible NLP applications and highlight research gaps for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47169,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social History","volume":"52 1","pages":"243-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9719781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89869295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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