Applied Nanoscience最新文献

This study investigates the effects of selenium (Se) incorporation on iron sulfide (FeS) nanoparticles synthesized via pulsed laser ablation and evaluates its impact on the performance of n-FeS/p-Si heterojunction photodetectors. The structural, morphological, optical, and chemical properties of both FeS and FeS@Se thin films were systematically analyzed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that both films possess a hexagonal structure, with average crystallite sizes of 54.98 nm for FeS and 57.53 nm for FeS@Se. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed that FeS has a well-dispersed nanosheet morphology, with an average particle size of 62.15 nm. In contrast, FeS@Se displayed wire-like nanostructures composed of 2D nanosheet, resulting in a larger average particle size of 105 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis supported these observations, showing an increase in average grain size from 81 nm for FeS to 300 nm for FeS@Se. The optical band gap decreased slightly from 2.8 eV for FeS to 2.7 eV for FeS@Se, indicating enhanced light absorption. FTIR spectroscopy revealed bond stretching frequencies for FeS at 697 and 700 ({hbox {cm}}^{-1}), while Se-related bonds could not be distinctly identified due to overlapping frequency ranges. The incorporation of selenium (Se) significantly improved the performance of the photodetector. The responsivity increased from 0.18 A/W at 450 nm for iron sulfide (FeS) to 0.41 A/W at 550 nm for FeS@Se. Additionally, the detectivity improved from (1.08 times 10^{10}) Jones to (2.39 times 10^{10}) Jones. These results demonstrate the potential of incorporating Se to advance FeS-based photodetector technology.

Global population growth demands quality food, prompting increased use of agrochemicals to boost agricultural productivity. However, balancing the benefits and risks of these chemicals is crucial to protecting ecosystems and ensuring food security, highlighting the need for sustainable disease management methods, including bio control agents. The continuous search for environmentally friendly pesticides and sustainable methods has led to the investigation of plant- derived bionanoparticles that can be called ‘nanobiopesticides’. Their enhanced pesticidal characteristics and regulated release make them promising options for crop protection applications. In this investigation, we sought the use of plant Fritillaria cirrhosa derived bio silver nanoparticles (FC-bAgNPs) and their application as nanobiopesticide. For the production of stable FC-bAgNPs, the effects of the extract amount and concentration of silver salt were all optimized at the laboratory level. UV–visible spectrum analysis, which revealed a distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 450 nm, was used to confirm that bAgNPs had been photo fabricated using plant extract of F. cirrhosa. The functional groups, shape, size and stabilization of FC-bAgNPs were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The practical applicability of developed FC-bAgNPs based nanobiopesticides has been checked by screening their antifungal activity against Cladobotryum dendroides, a fungal spice responsible for cobweb disease in commercially cultivated mushrooms. The results showed that the prepared nanobiopesticide effectively controlled fungal growth in the tested samples. Overall, this study provided evidence that the developed FC-bAgNPs successfully acted as an environment-friendly nanobiopesticide to combat fungal disease in mushroom crop. This research is a very important development in the way to achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture.

DFT/wB97XD/6-311G(d,p) theoretical level is used herein to probe the adsorption ability of the 2D g-C₆N₆ nanomaterial toward thalidomide (TLD) and temozolomide (TMZ) drugs. Thereby, parameters like adsorption and Gibbs free energies describing the interaction between the adsorbent and each analyte, as well as topological analyses, and electronic parameters are determined in both gas and water phases. Our findings revealed that g-C₆N₆ can adsorb both drugs through an exergonic reaction, the molecular complex of TMZ being the most stable with an adsorption energy of −30.85 kcal/mol. Furthermore, only vdW type interactions are identified between the adsorbent and each drug during the adsorption process. The value of the change in the HOMO–LUMO energy gap of the adsorbent upon adsorption shows that unlike TMZ, the nanomaterial is seemingly not sensitive to TLD. This observation is further confirmed by the density of states of the nanomaterial which are almost not affected by the adsorption of TLD, unlike that of TMZ. These outcomes suggest that g-C₆N₆ is likely to adsorb TMZ but is unlikely to be used for the detection the TLD drug.

Currently, designed materials consist of efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable photocatalysts that alleviate the constant crisis of environmental pollution for enormous interest. Hither, synthesized a new classification of perovskite-type BaSnO₃/rGO/Ag nanocomposites by hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the samples were investigated through XRD, FT-IR, Raman, diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–Vis DRS), and SEM morphological analyses. XRD results revealed that BaSnO₃ has a cubic crystalline phase. SEM morphological analysis of BaSnO₃/rGO/Ag nanocomposites exhibits a swing-dangle toy-like structure. The calculated band gap energies of BaSnO₃, BaSnO₃/rGO, and BaSnO₃/rGO/Ag nanocomposites are 3.4 eV, 3.3 eV, and 3.06 eV, respectively, indicating the enhanced efficiency of the BaSnO₃/rGO/Ag nanocomposites. The M–O vibrational modes were confirmed in the range of 400 to 700 cm⁻¹ and were further utilized in degradation studies, achieving 88% degradation within 80 minutes for the final sample. Moreover, the synthesized samples were tested for photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities. This research may provide some insights into the design of practical nano-photocatalytic and antibacterial materials.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Gracilaria corticata extract was conducted and compared with AgNPs synthesized chemically (NaBH₄) and phytogenically (Citrus limon). All syntheses were performed without surfactants or synthetic stabilizers. The G. corticata-AgNPs exhibited a red-shifted SPR peak (433 nm), broader size distribution (25–38 nm), and predominantly spherical morphology with occasional faceted features, consistent with Mie theory predictions. Photoluminescence quenching and UV–Vis analysis indicated enhanced charge separation and light-harvesting potential. Functionally, these AgNPs achieved > 90% degradation of methylene blue (certified dye, ≥ 82%) under sunlight and showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Citrobacter koseri, and Staphylococcus aureus (zone of inhibition up to 20.3 mm). This study provides mechanistic and functional insights into marine algal-mediated AgNP synthesis and highlights its advantages for sustainable biomedical and environmental applications.

This study evaluates the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of sodium alginate (SA) gels loaded with polyphenol-rich extracts from Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry) leaves, targeting Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, two primary pathogens involved in dental caries. Extracts prepared using acetone, chloroform, and methanol were analyzed using HPLC and GC–MS, revealing that the methanol extract contained the highest levels of gallic acid (5.62 µg/mL), chlorogenic acid (17.24 µg/mL), and catechin (47.83 µg/mL). Antioxidant activity, assessed via DPPH assay, showed the methanol extract achieved the lowest IC₅₀ value (110.5 µg/mL), compared to acetone (400.5 µg/mL) and chloroform (238.0 µg/mL). The methanol extract showed the strongest effect in antibacterial assays, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 32 µg/mL for L. acidophilus and 125 µg/mL for S. mutans. When encapsulated in SA gel, the methanol extract formulation demonstrated the largest zones of inhibition (23 ± 2.14 mm for S. mutans and 25 ± 3.01 mm for L. acidophilus), along with superior antioxidant values (ABTS: 251.3 ± 4.32 µmol Trolox/g; FRAP: 118.62 ± 1.68 µmol Fe(II)/g). Results of confocal laser scanning microscopy examination confirmed a significant biofilm disruption. These findings highlight the potential of methanol-extracted polyphenols from R. occidentalis leaves, particularly when delivered via SA gel, as a natural therapeutic for oral infection control and dental biofilm inhibition.

The epoxy/CeO₂ nanocomposite was synthesised, where the nanoceria (CeO₂) were prepared via the hydrothermal method and the dopant with an average grain size of 18.1 nm was incorporated in the epoxy matrix. The corrosion inhibition of stainless steel rods in 1 M CH₃COOH and 0.5 M H₂SO₄ by EP/CeO₂ nanocomposite coverage has been investigated by Tafel polarisation technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at the corrosion potential. The study has been carried out at 298 K, where nano-CeO₂ acts as an excellent corrosion inhibitor. The obtained data were analysed and modelled to the appropriate Randles circuit. The sequel of UV–visible radiation on the EP/CeO₂ nanocomposite was interrogated through UV–visible spectroscopy. The highest absorption peak appeared around 402 nm for the sample with a larger inclusion of nanoceria. The dielectric properties of EP/CeO₂ nanocomposite were studied for different frequencies, and its dielectric permittivity and dielectric constant decreased with an increase in frequency. The FESEM graph details the homogeneous dispersion, the particle size distribution of nanoceria in the matrix, and its possibility of agglomeration for some concentrations.

This research work focuses on the influence of Nickel (Ni) (0–10 wt.%) doping on structural, surface, linear, and non-linear optical parameters of Tin oxide thin films. The above thin films were deposited on glass substrate using the spray pyrolysis technique. A crystalline thin film with tetragonal structure was confirmed from X-ray diffraction. Intensity of the prominent peak (110) decreased with increase in doping concentration. Both Scherrer and the W–H plot methods were considered to determine the crystallite size of Sn_1-xNi_xO₂ thin film. Formation of cluster-like structures was visible using the FESEM results. Confirmation of elemental composition was done using EDAX. A decrease of surface roughness with increasing doping concentration was detected. Doping on Nickel brought changes in the transmittance of the thin film from 84 to 80% for lower doping concentrations in the visible region. The PL studies depicted peaks due to contributions of both Sn⁴⁺ ions and oxygen vacancies. Near white light emission was observed due to the presence of the defects. Third-order non-linear studies were carried using the Z-Scan, and all the deposited samples showed non-linearity. Reverse saturable absorption (RSA) was observed in the deposited thin film. The third-order non-linear susceptibility were seen to range to be suitable for optical limiting applications. Hence, the spray pyrolysis-deposited thin films are found to be suitable for optical limiters.

Oil pollution in wastewater poses a significant environmental threat due to its toxicity to aquatic ecosystems and potential risks to human health. This study explores the use of ferric sulfate nanoparticles as an advanced coagulant for treating effluents from the Shiraz Petrochemical Complex. A two-stage reactor system was employed to optimize treatment conditions, focusing on mixing speed, coagulant dosage, and the use of coagulant aids (NaOH and Na₂CO₃). Optimal performance was observed at a mixing speed of 120 rpm in the primary reactor, reducing chemical and biological oxygen demand (COD and BOD) to 19 mg/L and 6.5 mg/L, respectively. Removal efficiencies for petroleum hydrocarbons, oily compounds, and aromatic substances improved with increased coagulant dosage, achieving up to 62.8%, 4%, and 5.2% improvement, respectively. Zeta potential analysis revealed decreased electrostatic repulsion at higher dosages, with values reaching − 13.4 mV. A second-order polynomial regression model demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy (R² = 0.9999), validating the experimental findings. These results underscore the potential of nano-enhanced coagulation for industrial wastewater treatment.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and T cell-mediated autoimmune dermal disorder and remains a therapeutic limitation due to its thickened epidermal growth, high keratinocyte differentiation, scaly patches, and dry skin, leading to the failure of conventional treatments. Nanomedicine has shown the potential to improve therapeutic efficacy in psoriatic skin. The metallic nanocarriers such as gold, selenium, silver, zinc, iron, titanium, and copper have currently emerged as promising and highly effective treatment options for psoriasis as they offer several advantages like favorable physicochemical properties, enhanced drug-loading, improved skin penetration, and permeation. Metallic nanocarriers can be functionalized and tailored to specific therapeutic needs, making them highly effective at delivering anti-psoriatic drugs directly to the targeted areas without causing any adverse effects. The gold nanoparticles are known for their high biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory properties, while silver nanoparticles exhibit strong antimicrobial effects that are beneficial in managing psoriatic skin infections. Selenium, zinc, and iron nanoparticles contribute antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, which are essential in mitigating the reactive oxidative stress, suppressing cytokines, and interleukins inflammatory mediators associated with psoriasis. Through metallic nanoparticles, it is possible to achieve controlled release, which maintains a steady rate of drug diffusion and skin penetration and delivers drugs more precisely, lowering the risk of systemic toxicity and improving patient compliance. This review highlights the potential mechanism and combines recent research based on metallic nanoparticles in advancing psoriasis treatment, offering an effective treatment option over various conventional therapies due to their multifunctionality, safety, and therapeutic efficacy.