Abstract:This paper documents trends in and examines determinants of stay-at-home motherhood in urban China from 1982 to 2015. China once had the world's leading female labor force participation rate. Since the economic reforms starting from the early 1980s, however, some mothers have been withdrawing from the labor force due to diminished state support, a rise in intensive parenting, and heightened work-family conflicts. Based on data from the 1982, 1990, and 2000 Chinese censuses, the 2005 mini-census, and the 2006–2015 Chinese General Social Survey, we find mothers' non-employment increased for every educational group and grew at a much faster rate among mothers than it did among fathers, particularly those with small children. Moreover, the negative relationships between mothers' education and non-employment, and between mothers' family income and non-employment weakened overtime. This is possibly due to women with more established resources can better "afford" the single-earner arrangement and also more emphasize the importance of intensive parenting, than their less resourced counterparts. These findings signal the resurgence of a gendered division of labor in urban China.Résumé:Ce document documente les tendances et examine les déterminants de la maternité au foyer dans les zones urbaines de Chine entre 1982 et 2015. La Chine avait autrefois le taux de participation des femmes à la population active le plus élevé du monde. Cependant, depuis les réformes économiques du début des années 1980, certaines mères se sont retirées de la population active en raison de la diminution du soutien de l'État, de l'augmentation de l'éducation intensive des enfants et de l'aggravation des conflits entre travail et famille. Sur la base des données des recensements chinois de 1982, 1990 et 2000, du mini-recensement de 2005 et de l'enquête sociale générale de 2006–2015, nous constatons que le nonemploi des mères a augmenté pour chaque groupe d'éducation et a augmenté à un rythme beaucoup plus rapide chez les mères que chez les pères, en particulier ceux qui ont de jeunes enfants. En outre, les relations négatives entre le niveau d'éducation des mères et le non-emploi, et entre le revenu familial des mères et le non-emploi se sont affaiblies au fil du temps. Cela est peut-être dû au fait que les femmes disposant de ressources plus importantes peuvent mieux "se permettre" d'avoir une famille monoparentale et souligner davantage l'importance d'une éducation parentale intensive, que leurs homologues disposant de moins de ressources. Ces résultats signalent la résurgence d'une division sexuée du travail dans la Chine urbaine.
{"title":"The Changing Patterns and Determinants of Stay-at-Home Motherhood in Urban China, 1982 to 2015","authors":"Zheng Mu, Felicia F. Tian","doi":"10.3138/jcfs-2021-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs-2021-0065","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper documents trends in and examines determinants of stay-at-home motherhood in urban China from 1982 to 2015. China once had the world's leading female labor force participation rate. Since the economic reforms starting from the early 1980s, however, some mothers have been withdrawing from the labor force due to diminished state support, a rise in intensive parenting, and heightened work-family conflicts. Based on data from the 1982, 1990, and 2000 Chinese censuses, the 2005 mini-census, and the 2006–2015 Chinese General Social Survey, we find mothers' non-employment increased for every educational group and grew at a much faster rate among mothers than it did among fathers, particularly those with small children. Moreover, the negative relationships between mothers' education and non-employment, and between mothers' family income and non-employment weakened overtime. This is possibly due to women with more established resources can better \"afford\" the single-earner arrangement and also more emphasize the importance of intensive parenting, than their less resourced counterparts. These findings signal the resurgence of a gendered division of labor in urban China.Résumé:Ce document documente les tendances et examine les déterminants de la maternité au foyer dans les zones urbaines de Chine entre 1982 et 2015. La Chine avait autrefois le taux de participation des femmes à la population active le plus élevé du monde. Cependant, depuis les réformes économiques du début des années 1980, certaines mères se sont retirées de la population active en raison de la diminution du soutien de l'État, de l'augmentation de l'éducation intensive des enfants et de l'aggravation des conflits entre travail et famille. Sur la base des données des recensements chinois de 1982, 1990 et 2000, du mini-recensement de 2005 et de l'enquête sociale générale de 2006–2015, nous constatons que le nonemploi des mères a augmenté pour chaque groupe d'éducation et a augmenté à un rythme beaucoup plus rapide chez les mères que chez les pères, en particulier ceux qui ont de jeunes enfants. En outre, les relations négatives entre le niveau d'éducation des mères et le non-emploi, et entre le revenu familial des mères et le non-emploi se sont affaiblies au fil du temps. Cela est peut-être dû au fait que les femmes disposant de ressources plus importantes peuvent mieux \"se permettre\" d'avoir une famille monoparentale et souligner davantage l'importance d'une éducation parentale intensive, que leurs homologues disposant de moins de ressources. Ces résultats signalent la résurgence d'une division sexuée du travail dans la Chine urbaine.","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"48 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45514317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Parenting practices that promote or inhibit autonomy in their emerging adult child can impact the well-being of emerging adults. This study explored a variety of parenting practices and how these practices impact emerging adult well-being across two cultures. Associations between parental support, involvement, helicopter parenting, and psychological control and emerging adults' well-being were compared between two samples of participants ages 18-25: American (n = 643) and Chinese (n = 514). Results indicate that parental support can promote well-being among emerging adults, but autonomy-limiting practices of psychological control and helicopter parenting seem to be unfavorable for emerging adults regardless of culture. Differences in reported mean levels of the four parenting practices were observed across the two culturally specific samples; however, the strength of associations between practices and emerging adult well-being was not statistically different.Résumé:Les pratiques parentales favorisent ou inhibent l'autonomie de leur enfant adulte emergent qui peut avoir un impact sur le bien-être d'adulte émergent. Cette étude a exploré une variété de pratique parentale et impacté ces pratiques sur le bien-être d'adulte émergent dans deux cultures. Les associations entre le soutien parental, l'implication, la parentalité en hélicoptère, le contrôle psychologique et le bien-être d'adulte émergent ont été comparées par deux échantillons de participants âgés de 18 à 25 ans: Les Américains (n = 643) et Les Chinois (n = 514). Les résultats indiquent le soutien parental qui peut favoriser le bien-être chez les adultes émergents, mais le pratique limitant d'autonomie contrôlable psychologique et de parentalité hélicoptère semblent défavorable en adulte émergent, quelle que soit leur culture. Des différences ont été observées dans quatre pratiques parentales aux niveaux moyens déclarés de deux échantillons culturellement spécifiques; cependant, la force des associations entre les pratiques et le bien-être émergent d'adulte n'y avait pas de la différent statistique.
{"title":"Parenting Practices and Emerging Adult Well-Being in the United States and China","authors":"Shu Su, Alyssa D. McElwain, Xi Lin","doi":"10.3138/jcfs-2021-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs-2021-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Parenting practices that promote or inhibit autonomy in their emerging adult child can impact the well-being of emerging adults. This study explored a variety of parenting practices and how these practices impact emerging adult well-being across two cultures. Associations between parental support, involvement, helicopter parenting, and psychological control and emerging adults' well-being were compared between two samples of participants ages 18-25: American (n = 643) and Chinese (n = 514). Results indicate that parental support can promote well-being among emerging adults, but autonomy-limiting practices of psychological control and helicopter parenting seem to be unfavorable for emerging adults regardless of culture. Differences in reported mean levels of the four parenting practices were observed across the two culturally specific samples; however, the strength of associations between practices and emerging adult well-being was not statistically different.Résumé:Les pratiques parentales favorisent ou inhibent l'autonomie de leur enfant adulte emergent qui peut avoir un impact sur le bien-être d'adulte émergent. Cette étude a exploré une variété de pratique parentale et impacté ces pratiques sur le bien-être d'adulte émergent dans deux cultures. Les associations entre le soutien parental, l'implication, la parentalité en hélicoptère, le contrôle psychologique et le bien-être d'adulte émergent ont été comparées par deux échantillons de participants âgés de 18 à 25 ans: Les Américains (n = 643) et Les Chinois (n = 514). Les résultats indiquent le soutien parental qui peut favoriser le bien-être chez les adultes émergents, mais le pratique limitant d'autonomie contrôlable psychologique et de parentalité hélicoptère semblent défavorable en adulte émergent, quelle que soit leur culture. Des différences ont été observées dans quatre pratiques parentales aux niveaux moyens déclarés de deux échantillons culturellement spécifiques; cependant, la force des associations entre les pratiques et le bien-être émergent d'adulte n'y avait pas de la différent statistique.","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"24 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46237011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Classical Message in a Bottle – Should “Classical Wisdom” Determine Our Identity and Future?","authors":"Ljuben Tevdovski","doi":"10.59893/jcs.14(43).007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59893/jcs.14(43).007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":"41 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83632286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Soviet Image of the USA in Latvian Satirical Journalism of the 1960s: Textual and Visual Code","authors":"Evita Badina, Žans Badins, O. Kovzele","doi":"10.59893/jcs.14(43).006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59893/jcs.14(43).006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":"56 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72498676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Filipino Seafarers’ Masculinity Onboard and at Home through Linguistic Discourses","authors":"Marjorie Ablanido Maido","doi":"10.59893/jcs.14(43).003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59893/jcs.14(43).003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80364567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Loanwords and Their Variations in Kurdish","authors":"A. M. Hasan","doi":"10.59893/jcs.14(43).002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59893/jcs.14(43).002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81588136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Memory and Reflective Nostalgia in “To the Lighthouse” by Virginia Woolf and “The Go-Between” by L. P. Hartley","authors":"S. Wojciechowska","doi":"10.59893/jcs.14(43).004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59893/jcs.14(43).004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79488258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anita Stašulāne, I. Kačāne, A. Romanovska, Irēna Saleniece
{"title":"The Research on Culture, Youth and Knowledge Sharing in Latvia","authors":"Anita Stašulāne, I. Kačāne, A. Romanovska, Irēna Saleniece","doi":"10.59893/jcs.14(43).008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59893/jcs.14(43).008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89173064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Insight into Encounters, Territorialities, Identities, and Violence: Phoenicians in Southwestern Iberia and Portugese in Africa","authors":"Pedro Albuquerque","doi":"10.59893/jcs.14(43).005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59893/jcs.14(43).005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78548907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guest Editors' Comments: Introduction to the Special Issue","authors":"Woosang Hwang, Soyoung Lee","doi":"10.3138/jcfs.52.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.52.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"311 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47675729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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