This study examined family resources and child age as moderators of the association between work-related stress and parenting stress among Filipino mothers working from home during COVID-19. Mothers ( N = 189) completed questionnaires measuring work-related stress, parenting stress, family resources, and child characteristics. Results showed that family resources significantly moderated the association between work-related stress and parenting stress. Higher levels of stress due to work conflicts were associated with higher levels of parenting stress at low frequency, but not at moderate and high frequency of use of family resources. Child age was also a significant moderator such that the association between work interference with leisure time and parenting stress was strongest among mothers of children aged 0–5. The findings suggest that Filipino mothers caring for young children are most vulnerable to the negative effects of work-related stress on parenting stress during COVID-19, and highlight family resources as a protective factor.
{"title":"Family Resources and Child Age Moderate the Association Between Work Stress and Parenting Stress Among Mothers Working From Home","authors":"Michelle B. Ayuro, Rosanne M. Jocson","doi":"10.3138/jcfs-077-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs-077-2022","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined family resources and child age as moderators of the association between work-related stress and parenting stress among Filipino mothers working from home during COVID-19. Mothers ( N = 189) completed questionnaires measuring work-related stress, parenting stress, family resources, and child characteristics. Results showed that family resources significantly moderated the association between work-related stress and parenting stress. Higher levels of stress due to work conflicts were associated with higher levels of parenting stress at low frequency, but not at moderate and high frequency of use of family resources. Child age was also a significant moderator such that the association between work interference with leisure time and parenting stress was strongest among mothers of children aged 0–5. The findings suggest that Filipino mothers caring for young children are most vulnerable to the negative effects of work-related stress on parenting stress during COVID-19, and highlight family resources as a protective factor.","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140400295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid urbanization and population growth in Africa, coupled with the complex interplay between changing demographics, have resulted in significant implications for families. Using secondary sources, this desk review explores macro-level population dynamics and demographic shifts surrounding family size, intergenerational solidarity, housing, care for the elderly, marital relationships, declining marriage rates, and rising divorce rates. It draws from the demographic transition theory to underscore the impact of social and cultural factors on fertility rates and family dynamics. This article further underscores the significance of these dynamics in the context of North African societies and the broader African continent, offering insights into the evolving role of families and their unique challenges. It then discusses the missed opportunities associated with the demographic dividend and youth bulge, and the measures necessary to unlock the region’s full potential for sustainable economic growth and social development. The article concludes with policy recommendations for strategic development planning, investments in human capital, rural development, and research to navigate the complex connections between urbanization, demographics, and family dynamics.
{"title":"The State of Urbanization, Demographic Changes, and Family Dynamics in Africa","authors":"Ahmed Aref, Angela Fallentine, Sarah Zahran","doi":"10.3138/jcfs-083-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs-083-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization and population growth in Africa, coupled with the complex interplay between changing demographics, have resulted in significant implications for families. Using secondary sources, this desk review explores macro-level population dynamics and demographic shifts surrounding family size, intergenerational solidarity, housing, care for the elderly, marital relationships, declining marriage rates, and rising divorce rates. It draws from the demographic transition theory to underscore the impact of social and cultural factors on fertility rates and family dynamics. This article further underscores the significance of these dynamics in the context of North African societies and the broader African continent, offering insights into the evolving role of families and their unique challenges. It then discusses the missed opportunities associated with the demographic dividend and youth bulge, and the measures necessary to unlock the region’s full potential for sustainable economic growth and social development. The article concludes with policy recommendations for strategic development planning, investments in human capital, rural development, and research to navigate the complex connections between urbanization, demographics, and family dynamics.","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parents of young children experienced many stressors due to stay-at-home directives in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Bubbles were implemented by some governments, allowing households to connect with another household while minimizing contagion risk, but little is known about their effectiveness. We explored the social support experiences of Canadian mothers living in Nova Scotia during this first wave, focusing on whether they perceived household bubbles to be helpful in reducing parenting stress. In-depth interviews were completed with 18 mothers (aged 21–49) who had at least one child under the age of 12 during the first shutdown. Interviews focused on how they coped during the initial shutdown period, the immediate time after they paired up with another household, and what was happening for them currently (approximately eight to ten months later). Data were analyzed using qualitative description and content analysis through application of topic, descriptive, and analytical coding; memo writing; and matrix analysis. Deciding who to bubble with typically focused on direct support for parents or having playmates for children. Having a bubble arrangement reduced the pressure of the situation, and perceptions of future emergency backup support also reduced anxiety levels. Support from family members who lived far away, however, was still key for some families. Household bubbles play an important role in reducing stress levels during a pandemic through received and perceived support. As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, policy directives and support interventions need to enhance social support for parents and peer interactions for young children.
{"title":"Mothers, Household Bubbles, and Social Support During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Áine M. Humble, Jessie-Lee D. McIsaac","doi":"10.3138/jcfs-019-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs-019-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Parents of young children experienced many stressors due to stay-at-home directives in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Bubbles were implemented by some governments, allowing households to connect with another household while minimizing contagion risk, but little is known about their effectiveness. We explored the social support experiences of Canadian mothers living in Nova Scotia during this first wave, focusing on whether they perceived household bubbles to be helpful in reducing parenting stress. In-depth interviews were completed with 18 mothers (aged 21–49) who had at least one child under the age of 12 during the first shutdown. Interviews focused on how they coped during the initial shutdown period, the immediate time after they paired up with another household, and what was happening for them currently (approximately eight to ten months later). Data were analyzed using qualitative description and content analysis through application of topic, descriptive, and analytical coding; memo writing; and matrix analysis. Deciding who to bubble with typically focused on direct support for parents or having playmates for children. Having a bubble arrangement reduced the pressure of the situation, and perceptions of future emergency backup support also reduced anxiety levels. Support from family members who lived far away, however, was still key for some families. Household bubbles play an important role in reducing stress levels during a pandemic through received and perceived support. As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, policy directives and support interventions need to enhance social support for parents and peer interactions for young children.","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article has a dual purpose. First, it corroborates the empirical evidence of the Family Stress Model (FSM) to the Spanish population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, this article contributes to extending the FSM by investigating the impact of Family Social Capital (FSC) on the well-established FSM. In other words, it assesses if families with high FSC, when affected by economic hardship and distress, avoid the deterioration of their inner relationships. We conducted empirical analyses through data collected from N = 583 (mean age = 49.5 years) from Spanish families with diverse working situations using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique to test the theorized model. Our results suggest the validity of the FSM in the context of the economic crisis due to COVID-19 in Spain and then, by complementing the FSM with FSC, demonstrate that FSC can be considered as an accommodating protective factor for sustaining couple and children relationship quality for families facing economic difficulties. Also, in this article, the positive effects of FSC are studied within families in an original way, unlike past studies, which mainly used the FSC to relate civic social capital and showed its beneficial effects in extra-familial areas.
{"title":"Family Social Capital’s Impact on the Family Stress Model: A Cross-Sectional Spanish Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Rita Cavallotti, Laia Pi Ferrer, R. Selvam","doi":"10.3138/jcfs-096-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs-096-2022","url":null,"abstract":"This article has a dual purpose. First, it corroborates the empirical evidence of the Family Stress Model (FSM) to the Spanish population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, this article contributes to extending the FSM by investigating the impact of Family Social Capital (FSC) on the well-established FSM. In other words, it assesses if families with high FSC, when affected by economic hardship and distress, avoid the deterioration of their inner relationships. We conducted empirical analyses through data collected from N = 583 (mean age = 49.5 years) from Spanish families with diverse working situations using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique to test the theorized model. Our results suggest the validity of the FSM in the context of the economic crisis due to COVID-19 in Spain and then, by complementing the FSM with FSC, demonstrate that FSC can be considered as an accommodating protective factor for sustaining couple and children relationship quality for families facing economic difficulties. Also, in this article, the positive effects of FSC are studied within families in an original way, unlike past studies, which mainly used the FSC to relate civic social capital and showed its beneficial effects in extra-familial areas.","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial Comments","authors":"Silvia Bartolic","doi":"10.3138/jcfs.54.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.54.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elena Moore (Ed.). Generation, Gender and Negotiating Custom in South Africa","authors":"Vangile Bingma","doi":"10.3138/jcfs.54.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.54.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the prevalence of single mothers is increasing around the world, research on single-mother families has been based largely on evidence from developed countries. Comparable research based on developing countries is rare. We utilize the 1999 (n = 16,928) and 2009 (n = 140,753) Vietnam Population and Housing Censuses to perform multivariate analyses that examine living conditions among single mothers with different living arrangements, household headship, and marital status. Single mothers who were household heads or lived with their children only were less likely to have standard basic amenities, durable goods, and live in an owned residence. Separated, divorced, and widowed single mothers were more likely than the never-married to have standard basic amenities and durable goods. However, never-married single mothers were more likely to live at owned residences than were other single mothers. Findings suggest that such diversity among single mothers should be acknowledged and taken into account when designing social policies and programs to support single mothers.
{"title":"Do Living Conditions Differ Among Different Types of Single Mothers?: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam","authors":"Truc Ngoc Hoang Dang, Pungpond Rukumnuaykit","doi":"10.3138/jcfs.54.2.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.54.2.040","url":null,"abstract":"While the prevalence of single mothers is increasing around the world, research on single-mother families has been based largely on evidence from developed countries. Comparable research based on developing countries is rare. We utilize the 1999 (n = 16,928) and 2009 (n = 140,753) Vietnam Population and Housing Censuses to perform multivariate analyses that examine living conditions among single mothers with different living arrangements, household headship, and marital status. Single mothers who were household heads or lived with their children only were less likely to have standard basic amenities, durable goods, and live in an owned residence. Separated, divorced, and widowed single mothers were more likely than the never-married to have standard basic amenities and durable goods. However, never-married single mothers were more likely to live at owned residences than were other single mothers. Findings suggest that such diversity among single mothers should be acknowledged and taken into account when designing social policies and programs to support single mothers.","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fertility policies in China have changed substantially over recent years, with the intention of allowing individuals to bear more children and, thereby, to increase the total fertility rate. Using a sample of young adults, this study examines changes in fertility aspirations (the desired number of children, and the timing of first birth) across the three fertility policy periods (One-Child, Two-Child, and Three-Child). The results show that both young females and males increasingly prefer fewer children, and a later age at first birth. Both parental and peer factors are shown to significantly affect fertility aspirations, yet individual factors, such as gender attitudes and pronatal beliefs, yield stronger associations. The implications of the findings, along with the possible future of fertility patterns in China, are discussed with the developmental paradigm.
{"title":"Changes in Policy, Changes in Fertility? An Examination of Changes in Fertility Aspirations in China","authors":"Sampson Lee Blair, Shi Dong","doi":"10.3138/jcfs.54.2.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.54.2.050","url":null,"abstract":"Fertility policies in China have changed substantially over recent years, with the intention of allowing individuals to bear more children and, thereby, to increase the total fertility rate. Using a sample of young adults, this study examines changes in fertility aspirations (the desired number of children, and the timing of first birth) across the three fertility policy periods (One-Child, Two-Child, and Three-Child). The results show that both young females and males increasingly prefer fewer children, and a later age at first birth. Both parental and peer factors are shown to significantly affect fertility aspirations, yet individual factors, such as gender attitudes and pronatal beliefs, yield stronger associations. The implications of the findings, along with the possible future of fertility patterns in China, are discussed with the developmental paradigm.","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated potential differences in mental health among children living in sole physical custody (SPC), asymmetric joint physical custody (JPC), and symmetric JPC; and it tested whether children’s age moderated the association between physical custody arrangements and children’s mental health. Using data from the Family Models in Germany (FAMOD) and Norwegian Dynamics of Family Conflict (FAMC) studies, we estimated OLS regression models for children aged 2 to 14. In the German sample, children in asymmetric JPC had fewer mental health problems than children in SPC. However, this difference disappeared when controlling for various background variables, including the quality of parent-child relationships. Additionally, children’s age moderated the association between physical custody arrangements and children’s mental health problems, with increasing age being related to fewer mental health problems in asymmetric JPC. This association remained even after controlling for the background variables. In the Norwegian sample, no differences were found in children’s mental health across physical custody arrangements; nor did children’s age moderate the association. The results of this study emphasize that there may be cultural differences in how children’s mental health is related to their physical custody arrangements. Furthermore, there are modest indications that asymmetric JPC may be related to better mental health among older children in Germany.
{"title":"Physical Custody Arrangements, Children’s Age, and Children’s Mental Health: A Comparison of Germany and Norway","authors":"Lara Augustijn, Anja Steinbach, Tonje Holt, Maren Sand Helland, Linda Larsen","doi":"10.3138/jcfs.54.2.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.54.2.020","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated potential differences in mental health among children living in sole physical custody (SPC), asymmetric joint physical custody (JPC), and symmetric JPC; and it tested whether children’s age moderated the association between physical custody arrangements and children’s mental health. Using data from the Family Models in Germany (FAMOD) and Norwegian Dynamics of Family Conflict (FAMC) studies, we estimated OLS regression models for children aged 2 to 14. In the German sample, children in asymmetric JPC had fewer mental health problems than children in SPC. However, this difference disappeared when controlling for various background variables, including the quality of parent-child relationships. Additionally, children’s age moderated the association between physical custody arrangements and children’s mental health problems, with increasing age being related to fewer mental health problems in asymmetric JPC. This association remained even after controlling for the background variables. In the Norwegian sample, no differences were found in children’s mental health across physical custody arrangements; nor did children’s age moderate the association. The results of this study emphasize that there may be cultural differences in how children’s mental health is related to their physical custody arrangements. Furthermore, there are modest indications that asymmetric JPC may be related to better mental health among older children in Germany.","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial Comments","authors":"Silvia Bartolic","doi":"10.3138/jcfs.54.2.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.54.2.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47212,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Family Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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