Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1177/17488958231213012
Andrew Childs
Cryptomarkets are increasingly requiring users to purchase products with Monero (a ‘privacy coin’) to further obfuscate the digital trail of money compared to conventional cryptocurrencies (e.g. Bitcoin). This is the first study to explore how cryptomarket communities are used to facilitate norms and behaviours to expedite these emerging cryptocurrency practices. Through a qualitative analysis of Monero threads in a Reddit cryptomarket community (3451 total posts), this research illustrates how online communities often underpin the adoption of new technologies in cryptomarkets. The findings reveal: how the online community functions, adapts, and fails to support cryptocurrency transitions; the appraisal and contestation of cryptocurrency risks; and the ideological drivers and symbolic resources used to align community practices to adopt Monero. This research contributes to an understanding of the processes that underpin the constant evolution of online illicit markets as human and non-human elements are constantly re-assembled.
{"title":"How cryptomarket communities navigate marketplace structures, risk perceptions and ideologies amid evolving cryptocurrency practices","authors":"Andrew Childs","doi":"10.1177/17488958231213012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231213012","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptomarkets are increasingly requiring users to purchase products with Monero (a ‘privacy coin’) to further obfuscate the digital trail of money compared to conventional cryptocurrencies (e.g. Bitcoin). This is the first study to explore how cryptomarket communities are used to facilitate norms and behaviours to expedite these emerging cryptocurrency practices. Through a qualitative analysis of Monero threads in a Reddit cryptomarket community (3451 total posts), this research illustrates how online communities often underpin the adoption of new technologies in cryptomarkets. The findings reveal: how the online community functions, adapts, and fails to support cryptocurrency transitions; the appraisal and contestation of cryptocurrency risks; and the ideological drivers and symbolic resources used to align community practices to adopt Monero. This research contributes to an understanding of the processes that underpin the constant evolution of online illicit markets as human and non-human elements are constantly re-assembled.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1177/17488958231210991
Rylan Simpson, Elise Sargeant
Previous research has documented the effects of uniforms and accouterments on public perceptions of police in acontextual settings. Drawing upon a vignette-based survey, we explored the perceptual effects of various police uniforms and accouterments in the context of five different policing environments: (1) a burglary where the suspect was present, (2) a burglary where the suspect was not present, (3) a foot patrol, (4) a roadblock, and (5) a siege involving a barricaded person. As part of our research design, a sample of Queensland adults ( N = 292) rated images of police officers from the Queensland Police Service in different aesthetic capacities in each aforementioned environment along three perceptual outcomes: (1) traits, (2) effectiveness, and (3) procedural justice. The analyses reveal that appearance manipulations can impact public perceptions of officers. The analyses also indicate that the effects of some manipulations can sometimes vary by situational context. We discuss our results with respect to past and future research as well as operational policing practices.
{"title":"Situational context and public perceptions of officer appearance: A vignette-based study of police uniforms and accouterments","authors":"Rylan Simpson, Elise Sargeant","doi":"10.1177/17488958231210991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231210991","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has documented the effects of uniforms and accouterments on public perceptions of police in acontextual settings. Drawing upon a vignette-based survey, we explored the perceptual effects of various police uniforms and accouterments in the context of five different policing environments: (1) a burglary where the suspect was present, (2) a burglary where the suspect was not present, (3) a foot patrol, (4) a roadblock, and (5) a siege involving a barricaded person. As part of our research design, a sample of Queensland adults ( N = 292) rated images of police officers from the Queensland Police Service in different aesthetic capacities in each aforementioned environment along three perceptual outcomes: (1) traits, (2) effectiveness, and (3) procedural justice. The analyses reveal that appearance manipulations can impact public perceptions of officers. The analyses also indicate that the effects of some manipulations can sometimes vary by situational context. We discuss our results with respect to past and future research as well as operational policing practices.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1177/17488958231210233
Gary Goodley, Dominic Pearson
Behavioural monitoring has efficacy in predicting recidivism. As an intervention however, the proven effectiveness is limited. This study is an evaluation of the Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring scheme operating across open prisons in England and Wales, to reduce instances of failure (e.g. abscond, re-offending). Utilising a matched sample design, logistic regression analyses showed Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring had null effects on serious recidivistic outcomes (e.g. abscond, reoffending). Those allocated to Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring were more likely to get recalled before completing the intervention. In essence, Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring was utilised primarily as a surveillance programme – to defend against risk exposure – resulting in recalls to closed prisons misaligned to the community recidivism risk; undermining the open prison concept. We discuss the findings in the context of the adverse effects of ‘surveillance only’ community supervision programmes. We argue for developing the rehabilitative potential within Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring and mitigating against excessive risk exposure through systems level policy change.
{"title":"Evaluation of an enhanced behavioural monitoring system in UK open prisons","authors":"Gary Goodley, Dominic Pearson","doi":"10.1177/17488958231210233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231210233","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioural monitoring has efficacy in predicting recidivism. As an intervention however, the proven effectiveness is limited. This study is an evaluation of the Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring scheme operating across open prisons in England and Wales, to reduce instances of failure (e.g. abscond, re-offending). Utilising a matched sample design, logistic regression analyses showed Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring had null effects on serious recidivistic outcomes (e.g. abscond, reoffending). Those allocated to Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring were more likely to get recalled before completing the intervention. In essence, Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring was utilised primarily as a surveillance programme – to defend against risk exposure – resulting in recalls to closed prisons misaligned to the community recidivism risk; undermining the open prison concept. We discuss the findings in the context of the adverse effects of ‘surveillance only’ community supervision programmes. We argue for developing the rehabilitative potential within Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring and mitigating against excessive risk exposure through systems level policy change.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1177/17488958231210990
Grace Low, Cinnamon Lindsay Latimer, Alice Mills
There has been little theoretical development concerning the role of housing and the more subjective notion of ‘home’ in supporting desistance from crime. Through narrative interviews with 16 men with histories of imprisonment in Aotearoa New Zealand, this article explores key psycho-social benefits of home that support men to desist from crime. The article expands knowledge on the role of place and space in desistance by emphasising that to fully engage with the desistance process, those leaving prison need more than a roof over their heads; they need a home with psycho-social benefits that enhance their sense of wellbeing and ontological security. It is argued that a home provides a crucial setting for those leaving prison to ‘do’ desistance, and it is imperative that reintegration policy and practice recognise the psycho-social benefits of home.
{"title":"Stable housing, ‘home’ and desistance: Views from Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Grace Low, Cinnamon Lindsay Latimer, Alice Mills","doi":"10.1177/17488958231210990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231210990","url":null,"abstract":"There has been little theoretical development concerning the role of housing and the more subjective notion of ‘home’ in supporting desistance from crime. Through narrative interviews with 16 men with histories of imprisonment in Aotearoa New Zealand, this article explores key psycho-social benefits of home that support men to desist from crime. The article expands knowledge on the role of place and space in desistance by emphasising that to fully engage with the desistance process, those leaving prison need more than a roof over their heads; they need a home with psycho-social benefits that enhance their sense of wellbeing and ontological security. It is argued that a home provides a crucial setting for those leaving prison to ‘do’ desistance, and it is imperative that reintegration policy and practice recognise the psycho-social benefits of home.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135684662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1177/17488958231210985
Nicole Westmarland, Stephen R Burrell
The ways in which gendered expectations of women are used to maintain power and control by male perpetrators of domestic abuse are now well understood. It is also increasingly recognised that men can be victims of domestic abuse. This has led to calls to de-gender theories of violence and abuse, and arguments that the feminist theories which underpin many interventions are outdated. We draw on the experiences of 344 men using a helpline for male victim–survivors of domestic abuse to show that patriarchal constructions of relationships, femininity and masculinity, which underpin women’s experiences of domestic abuse by men are also central to understanding men’s experiences of domestic abuse by women. We propose that men’s victimisation by women perpetrators is not incompatible with feminist understandings of domestic abuse. Rather, that the influence of patriarchal norms in men’s victimisation accentuates the importance of gender in understanding and responding to domestic abuse.
{"title":"‘I’m a red-blooded male’: Understanding men’s experiences of domestic abuse through a feminist lens","authors":"Nicole Westmarland, Stephen R Burrell","doi":"10.1177/17488958231210985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231210985","url":null,"abstract":"The ways in which gendered expectations of women are used to maintain power and control by male perpetrators of domestic abuse are now well understood. It is also increasingly recognised that men can be victims of domestic abuse. This has led to calls to de-gender theories of violence and abuse, and arguments that the feminist theories which underpin many interventions are outdated. We draw on the experiences of 344 men using a helpline for male victim–survivors of domestic abuse to show that patriarchal constructions of relationships, femininity and masculinity, which underpin women’s experiences of domestic abuse by men are also central to understanding men’s experiences of domestic abuse by women. We propose that men’s victimisation by women perpetrators is not incompatible with feminist understandings of domestic abuse. Rather, that the influence of patriarchal norms in men’s victimisation accentuates the importance of gender in understanding and responding to domestic abuse.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1177/17488958231210218
Allely Albert
Although the role of prisoners and ex-prisoners has recently received significant attention in restorative justice research, the literature typically treats them as the ‘offending’ party within restorative justice processes. This article instead focuses on ex-prisoners as facilitators of restorative justice, highlighting their ability to lead such programmes. Using a case study from Northern Ireland, the article examines the way that experiences of incarceration have directly influenced practitioners’ skills and their ability to uphold restorative justice principles. It is contended that qualities developed and honed in the prison environment ultimately translate to unique characteristics that can improve the restorative process. As such, this research suggests that the future of restorative justice might be greatly enhanced by including ex-prisoners as practitioners.
{"title":"Walking the walk: Ex-prisoners, lived experience, and the delivery of restorative justice","authors":"Allely Albert","doi":"10.1177/17488958231210218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231210218","url":null,"abstract":"Although the role of prisoners and ex-prisoners has recently received significant attention in restorative justice research, the literature typically treats them as the ‘offending’ party within restorative justice processes. This article instead focuses on ex-prisoners as facilitators of restorative justice, highlighting their ability to lead such programmes. Using a case study from Northern Ireland, the article examines the way that experiences of incarceration have directly influenced practitioners’ skills and their ability to uphold restorative justice principles. It is contended that qualities developed and honed in the prison environment ultimately translate to unique characteristics that can improve the restorative process. As such, this research suggests that the future of restorative justice might be greatly enhanced by including ex-prisoners as practitioners.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1177/17488958231205528
Jimin Pyo
An experiment was conducted to examine how mock jurors’ verdict judgments on a criminal case can be predicted by their confidence in criminal justice. Results based on a sample of 433 adults indicate that individuals with higher confidence in criminal justice authorities’ speedy resolutions of criminal cases and in accurate fact-finding were more likely to decide a guilty verdict. In contrast, individuals with higher confidence in authorities’ lawfulness were more likely to decide a not-guilty verdict. Such relationships were explained by belief in probability of the defendant’s commission of crime and interpretations of legal standards of proof for conviction. Overall, this study adds to existing knowledge on extralegal influences on juror decision-making.
{"title":"Confidence in criminal justice and judgments of guilt in criminal trials","authors":"Jimin Pyo","doi":"10.1177/17488958231205528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231205528","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to examine how mock jurors’ verdict judgments on a criminal case can be predicted by their confidence in criminal justice. Results based on a sample of 433 adults indicate that individuals with higher confidence in criminal justice authorities’ speedy resolutions of criminal cases and in accurate fact-finding were more likely to decide a guilty verdict. In contrast, individuals with higher confidence in authorities’ lawfulness were more likely to decide a not-guilty verdict. Such relationships were explained by belief in probability of the defendant’s commission of crime and interpretations of legal standards of proof for conviction. Overall, this study adds to existing knowledge on extralegal influences on juror decision-making.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136070696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1177/17488958231207463
Nicole Renehan, Charlotte Barlow, Sandra Walklate
The 2021 Domestic Abuse Act puts the Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme (Clare’s Law) on a statutory footing which allows police forces to share someone’s criminal history to prevent domestic abuse. In this article, we draw on the findings from a wider study on women’s experiences of accessing such schemes and instead highlight the informal ways in which women shared and received information about domestic abuse experiences among each other to prevent domestic abuse. These experiences are located within a ‘red flag’ discourse which we argue inadvertently responsibilises women, who in turn blame themselves for failing to leave abusive relationships. The conclusion makes some suggestions as to how a better understanding of the reality of victim-survivors’ everyday lives might inform the practices of those tasked with supporting women in making sense of disclosures of domestic abuse and providing appropriate support at the right time.
{"title":"Self-blame and (becoming) the crazy ex: Domestic abuse, information sharing and responsibilisation","authors":"Nicole Renehan, Charlotte Barlow, Sandra Walklate","doi":"10.1177/17488958231207463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231207463","url":null,"abstract":"The 2021 Domestic Abuse Act puts the Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme (Clare’s Law) on a statutory footing which allows police forces to share someone’s criminal history to prevent domestic abuse. In this article, we draw on the findings from a wider study on women’s experiences of accessing such schemes and instead highlight the informal ways in which women shared and received information about domestic abuse experiences among each other to prevent domestic abuse. These experiences are located within a ‘red flag’ discourse which we argue inadvertently responsibilises women, who in turn blame themselves for failing to leave abusive relationships. The conclusion makes some suggestions as to how a better understanding of the reality of victim-survivors’ everyday lives might inform the practices of those tasked with supporting women in making sense of disclosures of domestic abuse and providing appropriate support at the right time.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1177/17488958231202011
Nicola Roberts, Catherine Donovan, Matthew Durey
The prevention of interpersonal violence and abuse for students in higher educational institutions and the development of appropriate institutional responses to support those affected are at the core of the Universities UK’s Changing the Culture Report on Violence Against Women, Harassment and Hate Crime. While the provision of robust reporting and monitoring systems on-campus are thought to be essential in helping to ensure the safety of higher education students, the findings of research discussed in this article suggest that more fundamental work is needed in order to encourage students to view the University as a source of help in the event that they experience interpersonal violence, particularly when this takes place ‘off-campus’. The research, which surveyed students attending Northfacing University in England, found that help-seeking practices seem to be shaped both by the location in which interpersonal violence occurs and by whom it is perpetrated.
{"title":"Students’ help-seeking for experiences of interpersonal violence: How can universities respond?","authors":"Nicola Roberts, Catherine Donovan, Matthew Durey","doi":"10.1177/17488958231202011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231202011","url":null,"abstract":"The prevention of interpersonal violence and abuse for students in higher educational institutions and the development of appropriate institutional responses to support those affected are at the core of the Universities UK’s Changing the Culture Report on Violence Against Women, Harassment and Hate Crime. While the provision of robust reporting and monitoring systems on-campus are thought to be essential in helping to ensure the safety of higher education students, the findings of research discussed in this article suggest that more fundamental work is needed in order to encourage students to view the University as a source of help in the event that they experience interpersonal violence, particularly when this takes place ‘off-campus’. The research, which surveyed students attending Northfacing University in England, found that help-seeking practices seem to be shaped both by the location in which interpersonal violence occurs and by whom it is perpetrated.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1177/17488958231203058
Aaron HL Wong
{"title":"Book review: Lynch N, Van den Brink Y and Forde L (eds), <i>Responses to Serious Offending by Children: Principles, Practice and Global Perspectives</i>","authors":"Aaron HL Wong","doi":"10.1177/17488958231203058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231203058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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