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Rejecting and retaining aspects of selfhood: Constructing desistance from abuse as a ‘masculine’ endeavour 拒绝和保留自我的各个方面:将放弃虐待视为一种“男性化”的努力
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/17488958211070365
D. Morran
Evaluative studies of men who have attended domestic violence perpetrator programmes have, thus far, paid attention to the question of what they are expected to desist from. This is entirely appropriate. However, the question of what they are expected to achieve, or ‘become’, is less clearly articulated, indeed often overlooked. Based on a series of interviews with men who had completed perpetrator programmes, the narratives explored in this articles suggest that their abusive behaviour was underpinned by fears about how to ‘perform masculinity’ satisfactorily in the past. Consequentially, the programme experience was perceived as threatening or as ‘feminising’. However, the accounts of these men suggest that in desisting from abusive behaviour, issues of identity and processes of behaviour change remain profoundly gendered. Indeed, committing to desistance is perceived as something of an ‘heroic struggle’ in which qualities associated with being a ‘proper man’ are harnessed and utilised in the process.
迄今为止,对参加过家庭暴力施暴者方案的男性进行的评估性研究关注了他们应该停止做什么的问题。这是完全恰当的。然而,他们期望实现或“成为”什么的问题却不那么明确,甚至经常被忽视。根据对完成施暴者计划的男性的一系列采访,本文探讨的叙事表明,他们的虐待行为是由对过去如何令人满意地“表现出男子气概”的恐惧所支撑的。因此,该节目的经历被认为具有威胁性或“女性化”。然而,这些男性的描述表明,在避免虐待行为的过程中,身份问题和行为变化过程仍然存在深刻的性别差异。事实上,承诺放弃被视为一种“英勇的斗争”,在这种斗争中,与成为一个“合适的人”相关的品质被利用。
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引用次数: 1
Decision-making, aggression, age, and type of crime as predictors of coping among young adult male maximum-security incarcerated offenders 决策、攻击性、年龄和犯罪类型对年轻成年男性最高安全级别监禁罪犯应对能力的预测作用
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/17488958211067916
Sheree Elizabeth Pretorius, J. Jordaan, K. Esterhuyse
Correctional environments are regarded as degrading, dangerous, difficult, stigmatizing, stressful, unsafe, and violent. Young adult male incarcerated offenders need to acquire the necessary coping skills to survive in the correctional environment. This research study aimed to determine which variable(s) or set of variables explain a significant percentage of the variance in coping among young adult male incarcerated offenders in a South African private maximum-security correctional center. The research approach in this study was quantitative, and the nature of the research was nonexperimental. A correlational research design was used. The sample consisted of 187 young adult male incarcerated offenders. The hierarchical regression analysis results indicated that vigilance was the only predictor variable that statistically and practically significantly predicted seeking social support and problem-solving. This finding implies that young adult offenders who are more vigilant regarding decision-making are more inclined to solve problems better and use social support to cope better.
惩教环境被视为有辱人格、危险、困难、污名化、压力大、不安全和暴力。被监禁的年轻成年男性罪犯需要获得必要的应对技能,才能在惩教环境中生存。这项研究旨在确定哪一个变量或一组变量在南非私人最高安全级别惩教中心被监禁的年轻成年男性罪犯的应对差异中占很大比例。本研究的研究方法是定量的,研究性质是非实验性的。采用相关研究设计。样本包括187名被监禁的年轻成年男性罪犯。分层回归分析结果表明,警惕性是唯一在统计和实践上显著预测寻求社会支持和解决问题的预测变量。这一发现表明,对决策更加警惕的年轻成年罪犯更倾向于更好地解决问题,并更好地利用社会支持来应对。
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引用次数: 0
Training police search and rescue teams: Implications for missing persons work 培训警察搜救队:对失踪人员工作的影响
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/17488958211057380
Lorna Ferguson, J. Gaub
Police search and rescue teams are crucial players in resolving missing person cases. Resultantly, police employ a host of training for search and rescue members in collaboration with institutions, organizations, and groups. Such training, however, has not been studied. This warrants attention as, in a time of police legitimacy crises and austerity policing, appropriate and quality police training for effective, efficient practices is imperative. Therefore, we examined the training needs and offerings for police search and rescue personnel, and their impact on search and rescue operations and work, through thematic analysis of interviews with 52 police search and rescue members from 17 agencies across Canada. Findings suggest there are no homogeneous, structured, or standardized training offerings for police search and rescue personnel. Instead, training varies within and across agencies and regions, and between officers and roles, as it is commonly based upon anecdotal experiences and in-house developed “best practices.” We discuss the implications of these findings for police search and rescue operations and work.
警方搜救队在解决失踪人员案件方面发挥着至关重要的作用。因此,警方与机构、组织和团体合作,为搜救人员提供了大量培训。然而,这种培训尚未得到研究。这一点值得关注,因为在警察合法性危机和紧缩治安的时代,必须对警察进行适当和高质量的培训,以制定有效、高效的做法。因此,我们通过对来自加拿大17个机构的52名警察搜救人员的采访进行主题分析,研究了警察搜救人员培训需求和服务,以及他们对搜救行动和工作的影响。调查结果表明,没有为警察搜救人员提供同质、结构化或标准化的培训。相反,培训在各机构和地区内部、各官员和各角色之间各不相同,因为它通常基于轶事经验和内部制定的“最佳实践”。我们讨论了这些发现对警方搜救行动和工作的影响。
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引用次数: 4
When do businesses report cybercrime? Findings from a UK study 企业何时报告网络犯罪?英国研究结果
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/17488958211062359
Steven Kemp, David Buil-Gil, F. Miró-Llinares, Nicholas Lord
Although it is known that businesses report cybercrime to public authorities at a low rate, and this hinders prevention strategies, there is a lack of research on companies’ decisions to report cyber victimisation. This paper analyses the UK Cyber Security Breaches Survey to explore factors associated with cybercrime reporting by businesses. Results indicate that the type of cybercrime is relevant to the reporting decision, and that the likelihood of reporting increases when cybersecurity incidents generate negative impacts and when the company places high priority on cybersecurity. However, we find no association between having cybersecurity insurance and reporting. Finally, while having outsourced cybersecurity management is associated with reporting to anyone outside the organisation but not to public authorities, in-house cybersecurity teams seem more inclined to report to public authorities. Findings are discussed in relation to the role of the private cybersecurity sector and the criminal justice system in combatting cybercrime.
虽然众所周知,企业向公共当局报告网络犯罪的比例很低,这阻碍了预防策略,但缺乏对企业报告网络受害者的决定的研究。本文分析了英国网络安全漏洞调查,以探讨企业报告网络犯罪的相关因素。结果表明,网络犯罪的类型与报告决策相关,当网络安全事件产生负面影响以及公司高度重视网络安全时,报告的可能性会增加。然而,我们发现网络安全保险与报告之间没有关联。最后,虽然外包网络安全管理与向组织外部任何人报告而不是向公共当局报告有关,但内部网络安全团队似乎更倾向于向公共当局报告。调查结果讨论了私营网络安全部门和刑事司法系统在打击网络犯罪中的作用。
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引用次数: 9
Gun ownership, poverty, and mental health associations with crime: A cross-state comparison 持枪、贫困和心理健康与犯罪的关系:跨州比较
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/17488958211060473
Sven Smith, C. Ferguson, Robert Askew, Jonathan Pitts, Alan Hinderleider
Violent crime is a concern in the United States. Past research has suggested different correlates, including poverty, mental health disorders and the presence of guns. One particular theory, named the facilitation hypothesis, states that firearms enhance the power of an aggressor, they reduce the necessity of a physical attack, and encourage those who may not otherwise resort to violence. We look at various social factors and their relationship regarding different indicators of violent crime. We find that at the state level, gun ownership is correlated with violent crimes and income inequality with homicides specifically and we find support for the facilitation hypothesis. Future public policies which target these issues appear likely to bear fruit toward the goal of reducing crime.
暴力犯罪在美国是一个令人担忧的问题。过去的研究表明了不同的相关性,包括贫困、精神健康障碍和枪支的存在。一种特殊的理论,被称为促进假说,认为枪支增强了侵略者的力量,它们减少了身体攻击的必要性,并鼓励那些可能不会诉诸暴力的人。我们着眼于各种社会因素以及它们与不同暴力犯罪指标之间的关系。我们发现,在州一级,枪支所有权与暴力犯罪和收入不平等相关,特别是杀人案,我们发现了促进假设的支持。未来针对这些问题的公共政策似乎有可能在减少犯罪的目标上取得成果。
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引用次数: 3
Relationships between demographic and behavioural factors and spatial behaviour in missing persons’ cases 失踪人员案件中人口和行为因素与空间行为之间的关系
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/17488958211060475
Freya O’Brien, S. Giles, S. Waring
To date, limited systematic focus has been directed to examining factors that influence the spatial behaviour of missing people. Accordingly, this study examined whether demographic and behavioural factors were related to distance between missing and found locations in 16,454 archival cases of missing reports from two UK police forces. Findings from ordinal regressions showed that children were more likely to be found at further distances if they were deemed to be at high or medium risk of coming to harm but less likely to be located further away when victims of a violent attack. Adults were more likely to be found at further distances if planning behaviours were present (e.g. had taken their passport), but less likely to if they were above the age of 65 years or suffering from abuse. Findings indicate the role of age, planning and vulnerability on travel when missing. Implications for search strategies and directions for future research are considered.
迄今为止,对影响失踪人员空间行为的因素的系统关注有限。因此,这项研究调查了16454起来自英国两支警察部队的失踪报告档案案件中的人口和行为因素是否与失踪地点和被发现地点之间的距离有关。有序回归的结果表明,如果儿童被认为有受到伤害的高风险或中等风险,那么他们更有可能在更远的距离被发现,但当暴力袭击的受害者时,他们不太可能被发现在更远的地方。如果存在计划行为(例如拿走护照),成年人更有可能在更远的距离被发现,但如果他们超过65岁或遭受虐待,则不太可能。调查结果表明,年龄、计划和失踪时的脆弱性对旅行的影响。对搜索策略和未来研究方向的影响进行了考虑。
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引用次数: 2
Environmental crimes and green criminology in Bangladesh 孟加拉国的环境犯罪和绿色犯罪学
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-21 DOI: 10.1177/17488958211057696
Sherajul Mustajib Sharif, M. Uddin
Bangladesh is an environmentally vulnerable country, where environmental crimes are massive and common. However, the environmental crime prevention mechanism in the country is very weak, and traditional policing is utilized to stop these crimes. Therefore, the green criminological approach to prevent environmental crimes in Bangladesh is underdeveloped in many ways, with a total absence of the green policing model. Hence, this study focuses on attaining a critical understanding of environmental crimes in Bangladesh by exploring the key underlying factors of environmental crimes. It also attempts to contribute to the environmental crime prevention mechanism by recommending a green policing model, while identifying the key weaknesses of the existing environmental crime prevention approach. This article implements the qualitative technique of data collection, and the analysis is based on an in-depth interview of 25 respondents, belonging to different categories of stakeholders, and participant observation. It also analyses the content of newspapers to understand the patterns of environmental crimes in Bangladesh. This article finds that environmental crimes are propagated by several political, economic, institutional, and social elements, such as the political affiliation of criminals, economic profit from natural resources, absence of institutional collaboration, and lack of social consciousness. The issue has become further aggravated due to the weakness of the crime prevention mechanism. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that environmental crimes in Bangladesh should be considered and understood from green criminological perspectives and the development of a green policing model would be effective in reducing environmental crimes in the country.
孟加拉国是一个环境脆弱的国家,环境犯罪数量巨大且普遍。然而,该国的环境犯罪预防机制非常薄弱,传统的治安手段被用来阻止这些犯罪。因此,孟加拉国预防环境犯罪的绿色犯罪学方法在许多方面都不发达,完全缺乏绿色警务模式。因此,本研究的重点是通过探索环境犯罪的关键潜在因素,对孟加拉国的环境犯罪有一个批判性的理解。它还试图通过建议绿色警务模式,为环境犯罪预防机制做出贡献,同时找出现有环境犯罪预防方法的主要弱点。本文采用了数据收集的定性技术,分析基于对25名受访者的深入访谈,他们属于不同类别的利益相关者,并进行了参与者观察。它还分析了报纸的内容,以了解孟加拉国的环境犯罪模式。本文发现,环境犯罪是由几个政治、经济、制度和社会因素传播的,如犯罪分子的政治派别、自然资源的经济利益、缺乏制度合作和缺乏社会意识。由于预防犯罪机制的薄弱,这一问题进一步恶化。因此,这项研究的结果表明,应该从绿色犯罪学的角度来考虑和理解孟加拉国的环境犯罪,发展绿色警务模式将有效减少该国的环境犯罪。
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引用次数: 2
Like mother, like child? Sex differences in the maternal transmission of offending among a Scottish cohort of pre-adolescent children 有其父必有其母?苏格兰青春期前儿童母体犯罪传播的性别差异
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1177/17488958211056177
Babak Jahanshahi, S. McVie, Kath Murray
That parental offending acts as a strong risk factor for offending in children is well-established within criminology. Yet, research on maternal offending is relatively limited, even though many women take on a significantly higher share of childcare responsibilities, and as such, might reasonably be expected to exert an especially strong influence on their children. In part, this lacuna might be attributed to a male-centric lens within criminology, which has tended to overlook female offending. Aimed in part at redressing this imbalance, this article investigates the maternal transmission of offending among a cohort of 12-year-olds, using self-report data from the longitudinal Growing Up in Scotland study. The analysis shows that intragenerational maternal offending acts as a significant predictor of offending among daughters, but that intergenerational offending does not. We found no significant relationship between mothers’ offending and sons’, who appear more vulnerable to a range of wider risk factors.
父母的犯罪行为是儿童犯罪的一个强大风险因素,这在犯罪学中是公认的。然而,关于母亲犯罪的研究相对有限,尽管许多妇女承担了更高的育儿责任,因此,可能会对她们的孩子产生特别强烈的影响。在某种程度上,这一缺陷可能归因于犯罪学中以男性为中心的视角,这种视角往往忽视了女性犯罪。部分为了纠正这种不平衡,本文使用苏格兰成长纵向研究的自我报告数据,调查了12岁人群中犯罪的母亲传播。分析表明,代际母亲犯罪是女儿犯罪的重要预测因素,但代际犯罪则不然。我们发现母亲的冒犯和儿子的冒犯之间没有显著的关系,他们似乎更容易受到一系列更广泛的风险因素的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Prevention of crime, tort and epidemy: The use of criminal procedure for preventive purposes in Poland during Covid-19 预防犯罪、侵权和流行病:在2019冠状病毒病期间,波兰为预防目的使用刑事诉讼程序
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-14 DOI: 10.1177/17488958211056775
Arkadiusz Lach
Criminal procedure is increasingly becoming an important instrument of prevention. This is a globally observed tendency, and Poland is not an exception. There are several regulations in the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure that allow the preventive use of coercive measures. In 2020, a new and controversial regulation was introduced, authorising the public prosecutor or court to prohibit the publication of content interfering with the legally protected goods of the victim. The author criticises the new preventive measure as duplicating civil law injunctions and expresses the opinion that, in criminal procedure, preventive measures should be used to prevent crime, not every illegal activity. In addition, the article describes the criminal procedure for isolating persons obliged to quarantine themselves because they have tested positive for Covid-19 or had contact with infected persons. This raises the question of the limits of the preventive function of provisional arrest and possible abuse of the criminal process using it for aims unrelated to the traditional goal of the criminal process: determining the question of guilt of the accused.
刑事诉讼正日益成为一种重要的预防手段。这是一种全球观察到的趋势,波兰也不例外。波兰《刑事诉讼法》中有若干规定允许预防性使用强制措施。2020年,一项新的、有争议的法规出台,授权检察官或法院禁止发布干扰受害者受法律保护商品的内容。作者批评新的预防措施是对民法禁令的重复,并认为在刑事诉讼中,预防措施应该用于预防犯罪,而不是每一项非法活动。此外,该文章描述了隔离因新冠肺炎检测呈阳性或与感染者有过接触而不得不自我隔离的人的刑事程序。这就提出了一个问题,即临时逮捕的预防功能的局限性,以及可能滥用刑事程序,将其用于与刑事程序的传统目标无关的目的:确定被告有罪的问题。
{"title":"Prevention of crime, tort and epidemy: The use of criminal procedure for preventive purposes in Poland during Covid-19","authors":"Arkadiusz Lach","doi":"10.1177/17488958211056775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958211056775","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal procedure is increasingly becoming an important instrument of prevention. This is a globally observed tendency, and Poland is not an exception. There are several regulations in the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure that allow the preventive use of coercive measures. In 2020, a new and controversial regulation was introduced, authorising the public prosecutor or court to prohibit the publication of content interfering with the legally protected goods of the victim. The author criticises the new preventive measure as duplicating civil law injunctions and expresses the opinion that, in criminal procedure, preventive measures should be used to prevent crime, not every illegal activity. In addition, the article describes the criminal procedure for isolating persons obliged to quarantine themselves because they have tested positive for Covid-19 or had contact with infected persons. This raises the question of the limits of the preventive function of provisional arrest and possible abuse of the criminal process using it for aims unrelated to the traditional goal of the criminal process: determining the question of guilt of the accused.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Reintegration experiences in a sample of Israeli parolees on completion of their term of supervision: A qualitative study 以色列假释犯完成监管期后重返社会的经历:一项定性研究
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1177/17488958211055975
Ronit Peled-Laskov, Uri Timor, L. Gideon
For many released prisoners, the period following release is characterized by extreme challenges. The ability to overcome such challenges depends on the services, level of supervision, and type of support available. One type of support offered by the Israeli Prisoners’ Rehabilitation Authority provides a supervisory and rehabilitative framework for reintegration after release from imprisonment, with an emphasis on employment. The present study examines the subjective experiences of ex-prisoners on their journey from incarceration through reentry and reintegration while participating in supervision, treatment, and employment intervention operated by the Israeli Prisoners’ Rehabilitation Authority. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of released prisoners who successfully completed Israeli Prisoners’ Rehabilitation Authority supervision between 2014 and 2019. The interviews reveal four main themes that in turn identify pathways to “better lives” through the reintegration process.
对于许多获释囚犯来说,获释后的这段时期充满了极端挑战。克服这些挑战的能力取决于服务、监督水平和可用的支持类型。以色列囚犯改造管理局提供的一种支持是为出狱后重返社会提供监督和改造框架,重点是就业。本研究调查了前囚犯在参与以色列囚犯康复管理局的监督、治疗和就业干预的过程中,从监禁到重返社会的主观经历。对2014年至2019年间成功完成以色列囚犯改造局监督的获释囚犯样本进行了半结构化访谈。采访揭示了四个主要主题,这些主题反过来又确定了通过重返社会过程获得“更好生活”的途径。
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引用次数: 0
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Criminology & Criminal Justice
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