Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1177/17488958231203288
Rita Lok
{"title":"Book review: Crowdsourcing the Law: Trying Sexual Assault on Social Media","authors":"Rita Lok","doi":"10.1177/17488958231203288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231203288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1177/17488958231200346
Amy Meenaghan, Michelle McDermott, Laura Haggar
Risk assessment and prediction play a key role in decision-making in probation practice. Yet the practical application of risk assessment judgements can be impacted by a range of factors, with implications for people under supervision as well as for potential victims and the community. Furthermore, there has been a shift within probation training to remote and online learning platforms to support workplace development. This article describes an exploratory study assessing the capacity of technology-enhanced training tools for enhancing and improving risk assessment in probation home visits. The findings indicate that, despite the limitations of the research, virtual reality and 360° videos may be valuable tools for addressing a number of the inherent challenges facing current probation training.
{"title":"XR technology and risk assessment: The future of probation training?","authors":"Amy Meenaghan, Michelle McDermott, Laura Haggar","doi":"10.1177/17488958231200346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231200346","url":null,"abstract":"Risk assessment and prediction play a key role in decision-making in probation practice. Yet the practical application of risk assessment judgements can be impacted by a range of factors, with implications for people under supervision as well as for potential victims and the community. Furthermore, there has been a shift within probation training to remote and online learning platforms to support workplace development. This article describes an exploratory study assessing the capacity of technology-enhanced training tools for enhancing and improving risk assessment in probation home visits. The findings indicate that, despite the limitations of the research, virtual reality and 360° videos may be valuable tools for addressing a number of the inherent challenges facing current probation training.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135538800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.1177/17488958231197817
Ross Little
The deployment of moral sight (a sensitivity towards the humanity of all people) and ethical praxis (taking account of important matters for learners) enhanced learners’ sense of dignity in a prison classroom comprising university students and men serving long prison sentences. This in turn enhanced the trustworthiness of the space, helped learners benefit from interaction and prevented moral blindness among prison educators. Three domains of ethical praxis for enhancing moral sight among educators are discussed: person-centred praxis; situational praxis; and pedagogical praxis. The article grounds the discussion using empirical data from participant reflections to uncover what mattered to them in creating a trustworthy learning space. Recognising the human dignity of learners, and engaging in practices that enhance this dignity and protect associated rights, was important for both groups of students. Deploying ethical praxis enabled participants to feel ‘seen’ in the classroom, in turn enhancing their sense of belonging and comfort in the space. For the prison-based students, having their contributions heard, recognised and valued was a rare experience in the context of serving a life sentence. For university students, the space provided a new and refreshing pedagogical experience, away from the institutionalised logics and constraints of the contemporary university. Relatedly, teacher-facilitators involved reported this to be their most enjoyable higher education teaching experience. There are wider implications for how higher education institutions ‘see’ the people they work with. The article argues for prioritising the human activity of learning over the institutionalisation of education processes, to create more trustworthy learning spaces.
{"title":"Moral sight and ethical praxis in the prison classroom","authors":"Ross Little","doi":"10.1177/17488958231197817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231197817","url":null,"abstract":"The deployment of moral sight (a sensitivity towards the humanity of all people) and ethical praxis (taking account of important matters for learners) enhanced learners’ sense of dignity in a prison classroom comprising university students and men serving long prison sentences. This in turn enhanced the trustworthiness of the space, helped learners benefit from interaction and prevented moral blindness among prison educators. Three domains of ethical praxis for enhancing moral sight among educators are discussed: person-centred praxis; situational praxis; and pedagogical praxis. The article grounds the discussion using empirical data from participant reflections to uncover what mattered to them in creating a trustworthy learning space. Recognising the human dignity of learners, and engaging in practices that enhance this dignity and protect associated rights, was important for both groups of students. Deploying ethical praxis enabled participants to feel ‘seen’ in the classroom, in turn enhancing their sense of belonging and comfort in the space. For the prison-based students, having their contributions heard, recognised and valued was a rare experience in the context of serving a life sentence. For university students, the space provided a new and refreshing pedagogical experience, away from the institutionalised logics and constraints of the contemporary university. Relatedly, teacher-facilitators involved reported this to be their most enjoyable higher education teaching experience. There are wider implications for how higher education institutions ‘see’ the people they work with. The article argues for prioritising the human activity of learning over the institutionalisation of education processes, to create more trustworthy learning spaces.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1177/17488958231184695
Janos Mark Szakolczai
The term ‘data’, ubiquitous in the Digital Age, etymologically refers to a piece of information ‘given’ (datum). In this article, I argue that the term ‘capta’ would be more accurate, since information is often taken from us. Capturing information replicates normative elements of abuse, surveillance, control and harm becoming central and problematic within the emergence of the ‘onlife’. I illustrate my argument via an ethnomethodological consideration of my attempt to resist the unwilling capture of personal information. Since 2016, I have engaged in what I call an ‘offlife’ existence, phasing out all devices and platforms that covertly capture personal data. However, my experiment has proven problematic, impractical and has even been perceived as being anti-social, especially in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. In the conclusion of this article, I consider the problematics of engaging in some form of resistance to data collection.
{"title":"Exiting the captaverse: Digital resistance and its limits pre and post the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Janos Mark Szakolczai","doi":"10.1177/17488958231184695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231184695","url":null,"abstract":"The term ‘data’, ubiquitous in the Digital Age, etymologically refers to a piece of information ‘given’ (datum). In this article, I argue that the term ‘capta’ would be more accurate, since information is often taken from us. Capturing information replicates normative elements of abuse, surveillance, control and harm becoming central and problematic within the emergence of the ‘onlife’. I illustrate my argument via an ethnomethodological consideration of my attempt to resist the unwilling capture of personal information. Since 2016, I have engaged in what I call an ‘offlife’ existence, phasing out all devices and platforms that covertly capture personal data. However, my experiment has proven problematic, impractical and has even been perceived as being anti-social, especially in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. In the conclusion of this article, I consider the problematics of engaging in some form of resistance to data collection.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41448484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/17488958221134336
J. Phoenix
{"title":"Book review: Sensory Penalities: Exploring the Senses in Spaces of Punishment and Social Control","authors":"J. Phoenix","doi":"10.1177/17488958221134336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958221134336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48807651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.1177/17488958231174109
A. Corda, Marti Rovira, E. V. Zand-Kurtovic
This special issue is devoted to a constantly growing field of interest within criminology and criminal justice: so-called collateral consequences of criminal records (hereinafter, CCCR). Criminal justice–involved individuals face burdensome legal and social barriers and disabilities that exist because of their prior contacts with the criminal legal system (Demleitner, 1999; Jacobs, 2006, 2015; Larrauri, 2014).1 Collateral consequences can be both formal and informal in nature. The first CCCR category − so-called de jure collateral consequences − includes sanctions, restrictions and disqualifications that attach to a criminal record which have either a statutory or regulatory basis. These consequences
{"title":"Collateral consequences of criminal records from a cross-national perspective: An introduction","authors":"A. Corda, Marti Rovira, E. V. Zand-Kurtovic","doi":"10.1177/17488958231174109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231174109","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue is devoted to a constantly growing field of interest within criminology and criminal justice: so-called collateral consequences of criminal records (hereinafter, CCCR). Criminal justice–involved individuals face burdensome legal and social barriers and disabilities that exist because of their prior contacts with the criminal legal system (Demleitner, 1999; Jacobs, 2006, 2015; Larrauri, 2014).1 Collateral consequences can be both formal and informal in nature. The first CCCR category − so-called de jure collateral consequences − includes sanctions, restrictions and disqualifications that attach to a criminal record which have either a statutory or regulatory basis. These consequences","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46023652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.1177/17488958231161436
Enshen Li
In the Chinese criminal legal system, the term ‘Qianke’ (前科) is conceptually interchangeable with the idea of a criminal record that lists one’s past crimes, convictions and sentences. In this article, by situating Qianke within the context of China’s distinct criminal justice and social governance ethos, my central claim is that the status quo of the Qianke system features disorganised, discriminatory and dispersed modes of social and penal controls. Specifically, the management of Qianke represents an uncoordinated structure in which criminal record data are regulated by divergent rules and institutions but remain under the complete control of the state. Although largely inaccessible to the general public, the discriminatory effect of Qianke is sweeping. By and large, it is characterised by the imposition of restraints on not only individuals with a criminal record but also their families in accessing equal opportunities in education, employment and public services. This distinctive form of state discrimination is informed by an emerging concern with risk prevention within Chinese criminal justice policy which is further enhanced by Qianke’s orchestrated penetration into the social system (e.g. via the Social Credit System). Moving from the criminal legal system to the social system, Qianke also serves as a tool of control aimed at managing individuals with a criminal history in a way that is conducive to the state’s prioritised governance agenda.
{"title":"The Qianke system in China: Disorganisation, discrimination and dispersion","authors":"Enshen Li","doi":"10.1177/17488958231161436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231161436","url":null,"abstract":"In the Chinese criminal legal system, the term ‘Qianke’ (前科) is conceptually interchangeable with the idea of a criminal record that lists one’s past crimes, convictions and sentences. In this article, by situating Qianke within the context of China’s distinct criminal justice and social governance ethos, my central claim is that the status quo of the Qianke system features disorganised, discriminatory and dispersed modes of social and penal controls. Specifically, the management of Qianke represents an uncoordinated structure in which criminal record data are regulated by divergent rules and institutions but remain under the complete control of the state. Although largely inaccessible to the general public, the discriminatory effect of Qianke is sweeping. By and large, it is characterised by the imposition of restraints on not only individuals with a criminal record but also their families in accessing equal opportunities in education, employment and public services. This distinctive form of state discrimination is informed by an emerging concern with risk prevention within Chinese criminal justice policy which is further enhanced by Qianke’s orchestrated penetration into the social system (e.g. via the Social Credit System). Moving from the criminal legal system to the social system, Qianke also serves as a tool of control aimed at managing individuals with a criminal history in a way that is conducive to the state’s prioritised governance agenda.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41496542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.1177/17488958231161429
F. Baffour, Abraham P. Francis, Mark Chong, N. Harris
This article contributes to the discussion on criminal record-keeping and post-prison employment from the perspective of a developing country. We present and discuss the results of a qualitative research based on interviews with 13 employers in Ghana about the use of criminal background checks in the hiring process. Data suggest a perceived lack of trust towards formerly incarcerated individuals primarily rooted in traditional cultural and moral values. Participants perceived that being associated with people with a criminal record is largely disapproved at the societal level. As a result, formerly incarcerated individuals are discriminated against in the employment setting. We also found that community dynamics and relations manage to overcome the lack of accuracy and reliability of state-provided criminal history information. Due to the absence of reliable access to criminal records through official channels, employers resort to informal means relying on community ties to get access to information about the past and character of job applicants. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for research, policy and practice.
{"title":"Criminal records and post-prison employment in Ghana: Formal and informal means of performing criminal background checks","authors":"F. Baffour, Abraham P. Francis, Mark Chong, N. Harris","doi":"10.1177/17488958231161429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231161429","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to the discussion on criminal record-keeping and post-prison employment from the perspective of a developing country. We present and discuss the results of a qualitative research based on interviews with 13 employers in Ghana about the use of criminal background checks in the hiring process. Data suggest a perceived lack of trust towards formerly incarcerated individuals primarily rooted in traditional cultural and moral values. Participants perceived that being associated with people with a criminal record is largely disapproved at the societal level. As a result, formerly incarcerated individuals are discriminated against in the employment setting. We also found that community dynamics and relations manage to overcome the lack of accuracy and reliability of state-provided criminal history information. Due to the absence of reliable access to criminal records through official channels, employers resort to informal means relying on community ties to get access to information about the past and character of job applicants. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for research, policy and practice.","PeriodicalId":47217,"journal":{"name":"Criminology & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44521669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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