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The Psycho-Anthropological Perspectives of Natural Hazards: Applicability of the ‘Protection Motivation Theory’ in Explaining Behavioral Responses Towards Tropical Cyclone Idai in the Chimanimani District of Zimbabwe 自然灾害的心理人类学视角:“保护动机理论”在解释津巴布韦奇马尼马尼地区对热带气旋伊代的行为反应中的适用性
IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/1354067X221103990
D. Kudejira, Maurice Kwembeya, Sifikile Songo, Innocent Sifelani, Memory Matsikure
This paper adopts a psycho-anthropological approach to explain individual behaviors in response to tropical cyclone Idai which made a landfall in the Chimanimani district of Zimbabwe in March 2019. Employing the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) as a lever of diagnosis, the study sought to demonstrate how psychological concepts and anthropological approaches can be infused to improve disaster preparedness. The evidence presented in the paper is based on an intensive ethnographic study conducted in Chimanimani district between November 2020 and July 2021, and which benefited from a variety of data collection techniques. The research findings reveal that beyond its utility in predicting individual protective behaviors towards a disaster, the PMT framework can be adopted as a tool with which postmortems of past disasters can be conducted to identify gaps and inform future disaster administration. The findings suggest that to be useful as a policy making and planning tool, the PMT should remain flexible, allowing for modifications to suite different socio-cultural contexts, including the flexibility to incorporate salient factors that might influence individuals’ cognitive mediating processes.
本文采用心理人类学方法来解释2019年3月在津巴布韦Chimanmani地区登陆的热带气旋“伊代”的个体行为。利用保护动机理论(PMT)作为诊断手段,该研究试图证明如何将心理学概念和人类学方法融入到改善灾害准备中。论文中提供的证据是基于2020年11月至2021年7月在Chimanmani区进行的一项深入的人种学研究,该研究受益于各种数据收集技术。研究结果表明,除了预测个人对灾害的保护行为外,PMT框架还可以作为一种工具,对过去的灾害进行事后分析,以确定差距并为未来的灾害管理提供信息。研究结果表明,PMT作为一种有用的政策制定和规划工具,应保持灵活性,允许修改以适应不同的社会文化背景,包括灵活地纳入可能影响个人认知中介过程的显著因素。
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引用次数: 0
Once Upon a Time, Materiality: A Possible Scenario for Psychology in the Nature/culture Divide 曾几何时,物质性:自然/文化鸿沟中心理学的可能场景
IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-21 DOI: 10.1177/1354067X221103979
R. Traversa
The present essay draws on the book “What if Culture was Nature All Along?” (Eds. Vicki Kirby, 2017) and on Karen Barad’s influence to discuss some main concepts of the so-called new materialism in social sciences and humanities over the last decade. It will bring the reader to come across the nature/culture divide as something inherently incorrect from an ontological point of view. Moreover, through different case-studies ranging from allergy, race, paternal post-natal depression, etc. I intend to give some insights into the most controversial and the most insightful attempts to see culture as nothing outside biology in social sciences, and psychology as well. I will then argue how Kirby’s and Barad’s perspective can be a good starting point to re-think critical theory and power-relations as always enmeshed in tangibility, and I will suggest some more empirical patterns for a new material psychological knowledge.
本文引用了《如果文化一直是自然会怎样?》”(Eds。Vicki Kirby, 2017)以及Karen Barad的影响,讨论了过去十年中社会科学和人文科学中所谓的新唯物主义的一些主要概念。从本体论的角度来看,它将使读者认识到自然/文化的分歧本质上是不正确的。此外,通过不同的案例研究,从过敏,种族,父亲产后抑郁症等。我打算对一些最有争议和最有见地的尝试给出一些见解,这些尝试将文化视为社会科学中的生物学和心理学之外的东西。然后,我将论证柯比和巴拉德的观点如何能够成为一个很好的起点,让我们重新思考一直纠缠于有形性的批判理论和权力关系,我还将为新的物质心理学知识提出一些更多的经验模式。
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引用次数: 0
Conclusion: An invitation to dialogue with The Life of the Mind 结论:邀请与心灵的生活对话
IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1177/1354067X221097122
I. Marková, S. Brinkmann, Martina Cabra, Clare Coultas, S. Zadeh, T. Zittoun
In this conclusion to the special issue on The Life of the Mind by Hannah Arendt, we, the authors, reflect back on our dialogue with the philosopher’s text. Our reflexion has two main parts. First, we emphasise transversal themes – themes that most triggered our interrogations and that we as psychologists, all addressed in our separate papers: thinking, of course, but also Arendt’s views on dialogue, her conception of time and temporality, and morality. Second, we emphasise some of the questions emerging from our reading of Arendt, which, we feel, can enrich discussions in psychology, and especially in cultural psychology today. Altogether, we conclude by inviting readers to join in our dialogue.
在汉娜·阿伦特《心灵的生活》特刊的结束语中,我们作为作者,反思了我们与哲学家文本的对话。我们的反射有两个主要部分。首先,我们强调横向主题——这些主题最能引发我们的质疑,我们作为心理学家,在我们各自的论文中都有涉及:思考,当然,还有阿伦特对对话的看法,她对时间和时间性的概念,以及道德。其次,我们强调从我们阅读阿伦特中出现的一些问题,我们认为这些问题可以丰富心理学的讨论,特别是在今天的文化心理学中。最后,我们邀请读者加入我们的对话。
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引用次数: 1
Alfred Schutz’s ‘Stranger’, the theory of sociocultural models, and mechanisms of acculturation 阿尔弗雷德·舒茨的《陌生人》,社会文化模式理论和文化适应机制
IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.1177/1354067X221103991
Valery Chirkov
In this article, the author addresses the mechanisms of the acculturation of people who move across different cultural communities (immigrants, refugees, sojourners, international students, etc.). It starts by analyzing Alfred Schutz’s essay ‘Stranger’ and then connects it to the theory of sociocultural models (TSCM) (Chirkov, 2020a). Schutz’s treatise provides background and a conceptual map for articulating the mechanisms of acculturation. The TSCM elaborates on these concepts and hypotheses and justifies the proposed understanding of the psychological and sociocultural basis of acculturation. The primary idea of this approach to acculturation is that migrants experience a clash and tension between two sets of sociocultural models: from their home communities and from their host communities. Newcomers must understand the sources of this tension; in turn, they must reflect on it and then develop strategies for reconciling these two sets of models. During this process, their selves, rationality, reflective capacities, agency and intellectual autonomy become the primary means for their acculturation success.
在这篇文章中,作者探讨了跨越不同文化社区(移民、难民、旅居者、国际学生等)的人们的文化适应机制。首先分析阿尔弗雷德·舒茨的文章“陌生人”,然后将其与社会文化模型理论(TSCM)联系起来(Chirkov, 2020a)。舒茨的论文为阐明文化适应的机制提供了背景和概念图。TSCM详细阐述了这些概念和假设,并证明了对文化适应的心理和社会文化基础的理解。这种文化适应方法的主要思想是,移民经历了两套社会文化模式之间的冲突和紧张:来自他们的家乡社区和来自他们的东道国社区。新来者必须了解这种紧张关系的根源;反过来,他们必须对此进行反思,然后制定协调这两套模型的策略。在这个过程中,他们的自我、理性、反思能力、能动性和智力自主性成为他们成功适应文化的主要手段。
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引用次数: 1
The Teaching-Learning Process or the Teaching Process and the Learning Process 教学过程或教学过程与学习过程
IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/1354067X221097610
Walfredo González Hernández
Education in school is conceived from the teaching-learning process where the teacher, student, and group intervene as personal components. In the first part of the article, evidence is shown that this process is not a dialectical interrelation. Later it is demonstrated that this process exists under certain conditions that are explained from the theory of subjectivity. In this explanation, the role of the personal components that teaching and learning are integrated into a process is revealed.
学校教育是从教师、学生和群体作为个人组成部分进行干预的教学过程中构思出来的。在文章的第一部分,有证据表明这一过程不是一个辩证的相互关系。后来证明了这一过程是在一定的条件下存在的,这些条件可以用主体性理论来解释。在这一解释中,揭示了教学和学习整合到一个过程中的个人组成部分的作用。
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引用次数: 0
A Psychological Analysis of the Imagery of Chinese Menshen 中国门神意象的心理学分析
IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/1354067X221097607
Jingyu Liang, Ruitong Guo, Yiqing He
The prominent imagery of Menshen (门神door gods) within traditional Chinese culture has led to the development of a variety of cultural symbols, including military door gods, civil door gods, praying door gods, and other related ones, such as stone lions and Shigandang (stone tablets). This article studies the impact of the belief in Door Gods and their worship on Chinese psychology and behaviour on both a conscious and unconscious level. At the conscious level, from its first articulation to its development into a cultural image and related myths and legends, the belief in Door Gods can be said to have gone through four stages: a primitive worship of reproduction in ancient times, animal worship during the Zhou Dynasty, the worship of anthropomorphic gods during the Han Dynasty and the worship of hero gods worship during the Tang Dynasty. This process corresponds to the four specific symbols of ‘peach branch’, ‘tiger/chicken’, ‘Shēn Shū(神荼)’ and ‘Yù Lǜ(郁垒)’ (‘鬼’: the two spirits guarding the entrance of the house), and ‘hero’. On an unconscious level, the psychological symbolism of the belief in Door Gods belief is interpreted through the Door Gods sacrifice and the Fu(复)” hexagram. Closing the door is related to Kun (坤, the receptive, earth), while opening the door is related to Qian (乾, the creative, heaven). Together, Kun and Qian were held to be in a state of continual transition, one changing into the other, which reflects Chinese philosophy’s emphasis on movement. Traditionally, Chinese people held more than 10 kinds of door-related sacrificial activities every year. Although some of these activities have gradually fallen out of use, the traditional custom of pasting door couplets and images of Door Gods to doorways has been preserved. By repeating the ritual every year, the Chinese gain the strength to protect themselves and their family members. Clinical studies of sandplay therapy have found that the image of Door Gods constitutes a ‘patron saint’ on an unconscious level. Door gods guard the boundary between consciousness and unconsciousness (the inner and outer worlds), thereby protecting the spiritual strength of those who supplicate them. This suggests that using their images in a therapeutic context could help individuals to maintain boundaries and protect themselves. The emergence of the Door Gods image can transform the guardian energy hidden at the border between unconsciousness and consciousness, help the clients keep the boundary and protect themselves.
门神的突出意象(门神门神)导致了中国传统文化中各种文化符号的发展,包括军事门神、民间门神、祈祷门神以及其他相关的文化符号,如石狮和石敢当(石碑)。本文从意识和无意识两个层面研究了门神信仰及其崇拜对中国人心理和行为的影响。在意识层面上,门神信仰从最初的表达到发展成为一种文化形象和相关的神话传说,可以说经历了四个阶段:古代原始的生殖崇拜、周代的动物崇拜、,汉代的拟人神崇拜和唐代的英雄神崇拜。这个过程对应于“桃枝”、“虎/鸡”、“Shın Sh́”这四个特定的符号(神荼)’ 和'YúLǜ(郁垒)’ ('鬼’: 守卫房子入口的两个灵魂)和“英雄”。在无意识层面上,门神信仰的心理象征主义是通过门神祭祀和赋来解读的(复)” 卦。关上门与坤有关(坤, 接受,大地),而开门则与钱有关(乾, 创意,天堂)。昆、钱二人共同处于一种不断转换的状态,一种转换为另一种,这反映了中国哲学对运动的重视。传统上,中国人每年都会举行10多种与门有关的祭祀活动。尽管其中一些活动已经逐渐停止使用,但在门口贴门联和门神图像的传统习俗仍然保留了下来。通过每年重复这种仪式,中国人获得了保护自己和家人的力量。沙盘游戏治疗的临床研究发现,门神的形象在无意识的层面上构成了“守护神”。门神守卫着意识和无意识(内在世界和外在世界)之间的边界,从而保护了那些恳求他们的人的精神力量。这表明,在治疗环境中使用他们的图像可以帮助个人保持界限并保护自己。门神形象的出现可以转化隐藏在无意识与意识边界的守护能量,帮助客户守住边界,保护自己。
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引用次数: 1
“Music is…”?! Significations attributed by middle school students to the notion of music “音乐是…”?!中学生对音乐概念的重视
IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/1354067X221074341
Leandro Augusto dos Reis, Francismara Neves de Oliveira
This article presents the data of the significations attributed by students from the eighth year of Middle School to the notion of Music. Anchored in the Piagetian clinical–critical method and in the contribution of Genetic Epistemology, the research was carried out in a public school in the city of Londrina, Paraná, with the participation of 12 students. The results indicate that the notions of music are linked to the understanding of the social reality constructed by the participants. For this reason, by considering such constructive processes, through which social reality can be constantly signified by students, we aim to create opportunities for musical-pedagogical actions that favor the expansion of the idea of music and its domains.
本文介绍了初八学生对音乐概念的意义归属数据。在皮亚杰的临床批判方法和遗传认识论的贡献的基础上,这项研究在帕拉帕拉岛隆德里纳市的一所公立学校进行,有12名学生参与。结果表明,音乐概念与参与者对社会现实的理解有关。出于这个原因,通过考虑这些建设性的过程,通过这些过程,学生可以不断地表示社会现实,我们的目标是为音乐教学行动创造机会,这些行动有利于音乐思想及其领域的扩展。
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引用次数: 0
Culture in the Seminar Room of Poetry: Poetic Insights for Cultural Psychology 诗歌研讨室中的文化:文化心理学的诗学洞察
IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/1354067X221097609
Enno Freiherr von Fircks
Some relations between poetry and Cultural Psychology have been investigated in the past. Yet, the very nature of poetry and its fundamental links to Cultural Psychology remain uninvestigated. By outlining the essence of poetry – its rhythmic-melodic, linguistically pictorial character – I show how poetry is in deep accordance with Cultural Psychology of Semiotic Dynamics. Poetry is all about experiences and emotions; these emotive experiences explain the basic relatedness of a person towards an object and shed light onto the complex processes of sign construction. It is only while taking into account the genetic Gestalt, previous and subsequent elements within a specific rhythmic and pictorial form that we are able to unravel this specific relatedness. Different poetic texts might then treat the same object but the relatedness towards it might diverge drastically. Based on these poetic elements, I define culture as a poetic field. Referring to a fictitious example, I explain that researchers and practitioners need to take into account a person’s complex rhythmic actions, that are divided genetically into different forms to understand his/her complex experiences of the environment. Then this illuminative power of relatedness sheds light onto the dynamically complex structuring and re-structuring of culture.
诗歌与文化心理学之间的一些关系在过去曾被研究过。然而,诗歌的本质及其与文化心理学的基本联系仍然没有得到研究。通过概述诗歌的本质——它有节奏的旋律,语言的图像特征——我展示了诗歌是如何与符号动力学的文化心理学深度一致的。诗歌是关于经历和情感的;这些情感体验解释了人与物体的基本关系,并揭示了符号构建的复杂过程。只有在考虑到遗传格式塔、特定节奏和图形形式中的先前和随后元素的同时,我们才能解开这种特定的关联性。不同的诗歌文本可能会处理同一个对象,但与它的关系可能会大相径庭。基于这些诗歌元素,我将文化定义为一个诗歌领域。提到一个虚构的例子,我解释说,研究人员和从业者需要考虑一个人复杂的节奏动作,这些动作在基因上被划分为不同的形式,以理解他/她对环境的复杂体验。然后,这种关联性的启发性力量揭示了文化的动态复杂结构和重构。
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引用次数: 2
Willing and action 意愿和行动
IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/1354067X221097124
I. Marková
Why did Hannah Arendt, in her book on The Life of the Mind, select thinking, willing and judging as the basic faculties of the mind in preference to some others which might be equally plausible? Why did she conceptualise these three faculties as autonomous, each being an activity with its own features, self-motivation and self-determination? If willing is necessarily bound with freedom, what does it indicate about the constraints of freedom in political actions? In this article, I am addressing these questions and attempting to explore them in relation to political psychology. In contrast to Arendt’s perspective, one can discern different forms of willing in political actions, such as those between minorities and majorities, in single individuals and in masses where willing is often displayed as a ‘collective will’.
为什么汉娜·阿伦特在她的《心灵的生活》一书中,选择思考、意愿和判断作为心灵的基本能力,而不是其他可能同样合理的能力?为什么她把这三种能力概念化为自主的,每种能力都是一种有自己特点、自我激励和自决的活动?如果意愿必然与自由联系在一起,那么它表明了政治行动中对自由的限制是什么?在这篇文章中,我正在解决这些问题,并试图从政治心理学的角度来探讨它们。与阿伦特的观点相反,人们可以在政治行动中看到不同形式的意愿,例如少数群体和多数群体之间的意愿,在个人和群众中,意愿往往表现为“集体意愿”。
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引用次数: 1
Dialogue with The Life of the Mind 《与心灵生活对话
IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/1354067X221097121
S. Zadeh, T. Zittoun, I. Marková, Clare Coultas, Martina Cabra
The Life of the Mind is an intriguing unfinished book written by Hannah Arendt, known as a political philosopher, at the very end of her life in 1975. We devote this Special Issue of Culture & Psychology to this work, because we are convinced that it raises interesting and important questions for social and cultural psychology today. In this Introduction to the Special Issue, we first explain why we believe that this book deserves closer attention. Second, we present the context of its publication, and a short biography of Arendt, to show its position in her life. Published posthumously, the book was her last project, yet it is based on some of her lifelong concerns. Third, we summarise Arendt’s ideas about the psyche, and the main three faculties of mind – thinking, willing and judging – with which the book is concerned. We then address three difficulties the book raises for psychologists reading her work. Finally, we explain the context in which we developed this Special Issue, and summarise the topics that will be addressed in the papers assembled here.
《心灵的生活》是汉娜·阿伦特(Hannah Arendt)在1975年生命的最后阶段写的一本有趣的未完成的书,她被称为政治哲学家。我们将这期《文化与心理学》特刊专门用于这项工作,因为我们相信,它为当今的社会和文化心理学提出了有趣而重要的问题。在这篇特刊导言中,我们首先解释为什么我们认为这本书值得更密切的关注。其次,我们将介绍其出版的背景,以及阿伦特的简短传记,以显示其在她生活中的地位。这本书是她死后出版的,是她最后的作品,但它是基于她一生的一些关注。第三,我们总结了阿伦特关于心灵的观点,以及本书所关注的三种主要的心智能力——思考、意愿和判断。然后,我们讨论了这本书给读她作品的心理学家带来的三个困难。最后,我们解释了我们开发本期特刊的背景,并总结了将在这里汇集的论文中讨论的主题。
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引用次数: 0
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