Saudi Dental Journal最新文献

There are numerous factors that can impact both the correction of jaw deficiencies and the success of a particular grafting material, including the histology and density of both the maxillary and mandibular bones and the grafting material itself. This study compares the clinical outcomes of grafted augmentations of the horizontal alveolar ridge of the anterior maxilla using mandibular symphysis onlay bone that was admixed with either injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) or xenografts. Twelve adult patients with horizontal maxillary alveolar ridge deficiency were randomly divided into two groups of six patients each. Group I received mandibular symphysis onlay bone grafts mixed with i-PRF, while Group II received mandibular symphysis onlay bone grafts admixed with xenografts (InterOss anorganic cancellous granules). CBCT scans were used to measure alveolar ridge width and bone density both preoperatively and at 6-month follow-up. Both groups showed improvements in alveolar ridge width and bone density. The increase in measured bone width and density after 6 months in Group II was significantly greater than that in Group I (p = 0.040). Horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation using an onlay chin graft in combination with xenografts was successful and offered adequate bone quantity and quality.

Endodontic therapy in complex clinical cases poses significant challenges, often requiring tailored approaches to achieve successful outcomes. Herein, we offer an update on the present application of GE in endodontics, which reflects good therapeutic results but also reveals limitations of the required specialized training and expertise, as well as highly costly equipment and software, which prevents its widespread adoption. This review could further contribute to research aims to advance technology to address the limitations and optimize the use of this technique in routine endodontic practice. A thorough electronic search was performed across three major scientific databases-PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS-to retrieve scientific literature focusing on Guided Endodontics, encompassing both Static and Dynamic Guided Endodontics, with publications considered up to April 2025. Guided endodontics (GE), which includes SGE (static guided endodontics) and DGE (dynamic guided endodontics), is an emerging technique in dentistry that utilizes advanced imaging technology and computer-guided systems to enhance the accuracy and precision of root canal treatments, which shows great potential in the application of personalized mini-invasive treatment in complicated clinical cases with the assistant of advanced imaging technology and computer-guided systems. It also provides patients with a comfortable experience and promotes faster healing. Generally, GE is an accurate new technique that facilitates the establishment of pulp access, unblocking of calcified root canals, and mini-invasive surgical trauma in endodontic surgery, for preserving more tooth tissue while extending the preservation time of the treated tooth. Static guides and dynamic navigation have different benefits and drawbacks and should be used in specific clinical conditions.

Although guidelines recommend removing aligners before eating, many patients wear them while consuming food or beverages. Understanding the response of a material to high temperatures is crucial for predicting treatment outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effects of elevated beverage temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of Invisalign clear aligners. Sixty Invisalign aligner specimens were thermocycled and divided into four groups. The specimens in the first and second groups were immersed in coffee and tea at 57 °C, respectively, whereas the third and fourth groups consisted of raw and thermocycled specimens, respectively. Each specimen from group 1 and 2 was immersed in each solution and subsequently in artificial saliva to simulate an intermittent drinking process, which was repeated 200 times, with each immersion lasting 2 s. The elastic moduli and hardnesses of the materials were measured and compared with those of the raw and thermocycled specimens. Statistically significant differences were observed in mean hardness and elastic modulus values (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.025, respectively). The mean hardness of the raw specimens was significantly higher than those of the other three groups (p < 0.0001 each), and the elastic modulus was lower than that of the coffee group (p = 0.018) but not statistically different from those of the thermocycling and tea groups (p = 0.413 and p = 0.309, respectively). Thermocycling and exposure to beverages at 57 °C significantly decreased the hardness of Invisalign clear aligners. The coffee-exposed group exhibited an increased elastic modulus, indicating greater rigidity. Investigating the effects of increased temperature on thermoplastic materials is crucial to ensuring the durability and safety of orthodontic treatment, which directly impacts patient care.

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect that affects permanent first molars (PFMs) and incisors, leading to caries and early tooth loss. This systematic review investigates the literature for the relationship between stress-related factors and the occurrence of MIH. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Google Scholar, and BASE. Articles were screened and data extracted using the Rayyan platform for systematic reviews. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Six-studies were included, five examined maternal stress during pregnancy while one on stress experienced during early childhood. Out of them, five reported a significant association between stress and MIH. Given the significant variability in stress assessment methods across studies, we were able to include only two studies in the meta-analysis. Although not statistically significant, the meta-analysis showed a tendency for increased odds of MIH in the presence of stress, with an overall odds ratio of 1.46 (95% CI: 0.66-3.22). These findings suggest a potential association between psychological stress and MIH. However, further research is needed to confirm these results and elucidate the mechanisms involved. Addressing current research limitations will improve study reliability and inform preventive strategies to reduce maternal and early childhood stress, potentially mitigating MIH prevalence.

Aim: Salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a morphologically challenging tumor, harboring a canonical CRTC1/3:MAML2 fusion, if investigated. However, the large cohorts available did not invesitgate the diagnosed cases adequately; leaving any mucin-producing malignancy possible MECs although >50% of salivary gland tumors secret mucin luminally or extra-luminally. This study examined the expression of stem cell markers Nanog, SOX2, OCT4, and MENA in salivary MEC using immunohistochemistry and to confer, whether or not, they may have a potential role in defining the tumoral molecular profile.

Materials and methods: Forty well-investigated parotid MEC cases (p63+, p40+, CK7+, Ck5/6+, AE1/AE3+, EMA+, S100 -, ATF1 -, WT1-, SOX9 - and SOX10 -), all with MAML2 rearrangements and without EWSR1 alteration, were interrogated using immunohistochemical techniques to detect the immunoreactivity for Nanog, SOX2, OCT4, and MENA. Additionally, the POU5F1 FISH probe was used to confirm the immunohistochemical findings for OCT4.

Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed negative or nonspecific immunoreactivity of NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 antibodies throughout all examined specimens, inferring deficient pluripotency factor within MEC cellular oncogenesis. However, MENA was widely expressed in all cases. The results of the POU5 F1 FISH probe were consistent with the immunohistochemical data, showing no detectable expression of OCT4, Nanog or SOX2, across all 40 samples.

Conclusion: Cancer stem cells likely do not play any significant role in the pathogenesis of salivary MEC. The widespread expression of MENA, however, suggests that it has functions beyond promoting stemness or pluripotency in these tumors.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been demonstrated to identify apical radiolucency with higher accuracy than two-dimensional radiography. The outcome of root canal treatment varies depending on the imaging modality employed. This systematic review aimed to: (1) estimate the success rate of nonsurgical root canal treatment and retreatment when assessed by CBCT and (2) investigate the influence of some factors suspected to be associated with treatment outcomes. An electronic search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and gray literature. Article selection and data extraction were independently conducted by 2 reviewers. The terms 'strict' (complete resolution of periapical lesion) or 'loose' (reduction in size of existing periapical lesion) were used to describe the outcome criteria. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis and meta-regression established pooled outcome rates, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and significant clinical prognostic factors (P < .05). Nineteen articles were included. The overall quality of evidence was moderate. The estimated weighted pooled overall success rates for NSRCT and NSReRCT assessed by CBCT were 41.03% (95% CI: 28.68%-53.95%; I² = 94.76%) under strict criteria and 85.01% (95% CI: 80.85%-88.75%; I² = 68.36%) under loose criteria. This review's findings offer valuable insights to guide the design of future studies assessing root canal treatment and retreatment outcomes through CBCT. However, they should be interpreted with caution due to the retrospective and heterogeneous nature of the data. Review registration: This protocol was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews: the PROSPERO database (CRD42024591017). Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

The aim of this bibliometric analysis was to evaluate research interest and trends in the field of periodontal regeneration from 2000 to 2023. An online search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database to retrieve relevant studies published between 2000 and 2023. Statistical analysis and scientific mapping were performed using R language, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer to examine journals, countries, institutions, authors, keywords, and citations. From 2000 to 2023, a total of 1,932 papers were published, and the number of papers and citations showed consistent growth. The Journal of Periodontology had the highest number of publications and citations. China and the United States were the most productive countries, while contributions from developing nations in Asia and Africa, as well as several Chinese dental institutions, increased significantly. Sculean A was the most prolific author and established a global collaboration network. Seventy-seven high-frequency keywords were identified, with recent trends highlighting 3D printing, hydrogels, and electrospinning. Among the top 25 papers with the strongest citation bursts, eight focused on stem cells and six on enamel matrix derivatives (EMD)/enamel matrix proteins (EMPs), ranking first and second, respectively. Additionally, 15 reference clusters were observed, with melt electrowriting (#0), tissue engineering (#4), exosome (#5), and periodontitis (#7) gaining prominence since 2013, indicating sustained research interest. Periodontal regeneration has remained a prominent research topic. China and the United States are the leading contributors, while developing countries in Asia and Africa have played an increasingly important role in recent years. Research hotspots have evolved dynamically, driven by advancements in biomaterials. Current key themes include hydrogels, 3D printing, electrospinning, melt electrowriting and exosomes; however, clinical evidence supporting these techniques remains limited.

Sealers are an important part of root canal obturation. Therefore, these materials must be biocompatible and non-toxic to the cells. This study compared the cytotoxicity and tissue response of Beta RCS, ADSeal, and AH Plus. In the in vitro phase, the cytotoxicity of Beta RCS, ADSeal, and AH Plus for human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was evaluated using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay after 1, 3, and 7 days (non-toxic defined as > 90% viability). In the in vivo phase, polyethylene tubes containing the sealers (n = 54) and empty control tubes (n = 18) were implanted subcutaneously in 18 Sprague-Dawley rats (4 tubes per rat). The rats were sacrificed after 7, 21 and 42 days. Histological sections were then evaluated under an optical microscope for inflammation, vascular reaction, and fibrous tissue formation. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (alpha = 0.05). The cytotoxicity of all three sealers significantly increased with time (P < 0.05). At days 3 and 7, the cytotoxicity of AH Plus was significantly higher than other sealers (P < 0.001). Beta RCS and ADSeal had no significant difference regarding cytotoxicity. At day 21, AH Plus showed significantly higher inflammation and fibrous tissue formation than the control group (P < 0.05). At day 21, tissue reaction around Beta RCS and AH Plus was significantly greater than around ADSeal (P < 0.05). AH Plus showed the highest cytotoxicity while Beta RCS and ADSeal equally had a cytotoxicity comparable to the control group. Both Beta RCS and AH Plus showed high tissue response. ADSeal showed the lowest cytotoxicity and tissue response.

Composite resin is often used as an orthodontic attachment due to its esthetic appearance, ease of clinical manipulation, and micromechanical bonding to etched enamel tooth structures. The aim of this study was to compare the Vickers microhardness (VMH) and shear bond strength (SBS) of six types of composite resins (Tetric PowerFlow, Filtek™ Supreme Flowable Restorative, Clearfil Majesty Flow, Tetric PowerFill, Filtek™ Supreme XTE Universal, and Estelite Sigma Quick). Twelve composite resin discs were fabricated for VMH test for each composite group. And 15 rectangular composite resin attachments were bonded on natural extracted premolars for each SBS test. VMH values were retrieved using an INOVATEST microhardness device at T1 and T2 after thermocycling and toothbrushing intervention. SBS values were retrieved using a Universal Testing Machine after thermocycling aging. The VMH values of all materials showed statistically significant differences (p =  < .01) between T1 and T2, as Clearfil Majesty Flow material did not show a significant difference and Filtek™ Supreme XTE Universal material showed a significant difference at (p =  < .05) but not at (p =  < .01). ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference in the SBS values between the six composite resin materials. The Clearfil Majesty Flow composite resin was not affected by thermocycling or toothbrushing compared to all other composite groups.

This study aimed to affirm that periodontitis is a possible early sign of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and to determine the incidence of undiagnosed Pre-Diabetes Mellitus (Pre-DM) and DM in patients with stage III or IV periodontitis. This is a case-control study. Patients with stage III/IV periodontitis with no previous history of DM were included. Patients with age less than 30 years, with a history of DM, current pregnancy, anemia, thalassemia, kidney disease or chronic liver disease were excluded. Patients with no periodontal clinical attachment loss were considered as control group. Information about known risk factors of DM was collected from all participants. Control group were matched with cases in terms of age and sex. Once all clinical periodontal parameters were collected clinically, all self-reported data was obtained and blood samples were collected and analyzed for HPLC HbA1c. There were 200 participants recruited (100 periodontitis: 100 non-periodontitis) with ratio of 1:1. In total, 101 individuals with abnormal HbA_1C (≥ 5.7) were identified: 11 (11%) and 4 (4%) were potentially DM, and 41 (41%) and 45 (45%) were potentially pre-DM in cases and controls, respectively. Cases and controls were matched for age and sex. Statistically, no differences were found between the groups in terms of sociodemographic and distribution of known DM risk factors. Analysis of the study data indicated that the clinical significance of periodontitis as a potential sign of DM. In addition, the results form this study suggested that oral health professionals have the opportunity to identify pre-DM and DM in dental patients and refer them to their physicians for further assessment and management.