Saudi Dental Journal最新文献

Purpose: This study assessed the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and associated risk factors in healthy Saudi adults attending dental school at Najran university during the period from 2021-2024.

Methods: CBCT scans from 420 healthy subjects (6,440 teeth) were reviewed. Data on AP prevalence, both overall and on untreated versus treated teeth, were collected. Scans were retrieved from the School of Dentistry at Najran university, spanning January 2021 to July 2024. Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate associations with risk factors such as gender, tooth type, root canal treatment adequacy, final restoration status, dental caries, and periodontal disease.

Results: AP was diagnosed in 78.6% of subjects, with a per-tooth prevalence of 12.9%. AP was highly observed in root-canal treated teeth (42.9%) than in untreated teeth (7%). The highest odds of AP were associated with dental caries (OR = 239.8, 95% CI = 151.02-380.72) and endodontic mishaps (OR = 87.03, 95% CI = 38.14-198.64).

Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of AP among healthy Saudi adults attending dental school at Najran university from 2021 to 2024. Significant risk factors included dental caries, periodontal disease, molar teeth, inadequate endodontic treatment, and the absence of full-coverage crowns, while female gender was correlated to greater occurrence of AP. The strong association with dental caries and inadequate root canal treatment highlights the need for early intervention and preventive strategies to reduce the burden of AP.

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease that affects periodontal tissue, such as the gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Recently, a link between periodontal disease, oral cancer and inflammation has been suggested. In this study, the concentration of the inflammatory cytokine salivary IL-6 was measured to determine its role in the inflammatory process of periodontitis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital, Sudan. Three study groups were enrolled with their consent: patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis with at least two interproximal sites showing clinical attachment loss > 4 mm and pocket depth > 5 mm. (n = 32); patients with chronic periodontitis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) pathology reports of OSCC at the time of saliva collection (n = 22); and matched healthy controls (n = 30). Patients were excluded if they had any chronic inflammatory condition or disease; had a history of recent trauma, acute infection, burns, laceration, previous surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy; had used antibiotics within the previous three months; had a history of periodontal treatment within the previous three months; were pregnant or lactating; were taking drugs that induce hyposalivation; or had a history of previous radiation therapy to the head and neck area. A trained dentist clinically examined the participants. Periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding on probing, probable pocket depth and clinical attachment level) were measured, and the IL-6 concentration in the saliva samples was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A statistically significant difference in periodontal parameters was observed between the OSCC patient group and the other groups. OSCC patients had significantly greater IL-6 concentrations in their saliva (log 2.40 ± 0.37) pg/ml) than did chronic periodontitis patients (CP) (log 1.42 ± 0.418 pg/ml) and healthy controls (log 1.25 ± 0.13 pg/ml) (P < 0.001). High salivary IL-6 levels suggest potential utility as a biomarker for OSCC unconfounded by chronic periodontitis.

Considering the significant impact of the nasal form on the appearance of an individual, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between nasal morphology and skeletal malocclusion in a sample of Iranian population. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 141 lateral cephalograms of individuals of both genders, aged 18 to 30 years were selected. The participants were classified into Class I, II, and III malocclusions. Then, naso-facial landmarks related to the form and shape of the nose and facial skeleton were manually traced on each lateral cephalogram and 13 angular and linear parameters were measured. These parameters were compared among the three types of malocclusions. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Most of the measurements such as nasal morphology as well as nasal height, nasal bone length, nasal bone angle, nasofrontal angle, dorsum length, total nasal length, nasal depth, columellar convexity, and nasal hump did not show significant differences among different malocclusions (p > 0.05). However, lower dorsum convexity, soft tissue convexity, naso-facial angle, and naso-mental angle were reported to have significant differences among different malocclusions (p < 0.05). According to the results of the present study, the overall shape of the nose is not affected by the type of underlying skeleton in the sample studied. However, future studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to further confirm the results of the present study.

Dynamic navigation system (DNS) is an emerging technique providing more accuracy and precise positioning during dental surgical procedures. Studies have shown the application of DNS across several areas of dentistry, including implant surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, endodontics, and the treatment of supernumerary teeth. The use of DNS has demonstrated improved accuracy, reduced trauma, and safer approach. Key elements of DNS include a computer, tracking system specialized tracing tools and navigation software. The process of DNS operation begins with obtaining data and reconstructing imaging information. Next calibration of surgical instruments and spatial registration is carried out. The last phase involves executing time guided procedures using the navigation system. DNS applications have seen enhancements, in representation, precision in treatment, efficiency, safety measures and adaptability during procedures. While these advancements offer benefits the adoption of DNS comes with challenges such as high expenses the necessity for thorough training, extended preparation time and heightened exposure to radiation. Despite these hurdles continuous progress, continued advancements in DNS technology are expected to further broaden its applications in dentoalveolar surgery and greatly enhance the field of digital dentistry. Therefore, the application of DNS will be reviewed in dentoalveolar surgery.

The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of C-shaped canal configurations in mandibular molar teeth of patients who presented to our clinic, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and three-dimensional (3D) modeling, in relation to the contralateral counterparts in the same jaw and by gender. Additionally, root canal morphologies of mandibular molars were investigated. CBCT images obtained from a total of 504 patients between March 2016- September 2021 were evaluated. The patients included 244 females (48.42%) and 260 males (51.58%) aged between 13 and 79 years (mean age: 36.3). C-shaped canal configurations detected in the CBCT images were further analyzed using 3D modeling techniques. A total of 1495 mandibular molar teeth were examined. After excluding extracted teeth and those not meeting the inclusion criteria, C-shaped canal configurations were identified in 68 teeth (4.54%). According to gender, the incidence was 9.8% in females and 8.1% in males. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of C-shaped canals between genders (P = 0.53). Among the qualified 61 teeth with C-shaped canals, 46 (75.4%) also showed C-shaped canal morphology in their contralateral counterparts. Of the 45 patients in whom C-shaped canals were identified, 38 had bilateral mandibular second molars, and 23 of these (60.5%) exhibited bilateral C-shaped canal configurations. C-shaped canal configurations can be precisely identified using CBCT and 3D modeling methods. Early detection of such anatomical variations may facilitate clinical procedures and contribute to the success of root canal treatments.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of different primers applied to HF acid-etched lithium disilicate ceramics on the shear bond strength between ceramic specimens and composite resin after thermal aging. 72 disc specimens with a thickness of 1.5 mm were prepared from three different types of lithium disilicate ceramics: IPS e.max CAD, CEREC Tessera, and GC Initial LiSi Block. The specimens were divided into six groups, with 12 samples in each group. The surfaces were treated with 9.5% HF acid. In Gluma group, Gluma Ceramic Primer and Gluma Bond Universal were applied in sequence. For Compo-B group, a mixture of Ceramica Silane Activator and Nova Compo-B Plus universal adhesive was applied, followed by Nova Compo-B Plus. After composite application, all specimens underwent 5000 thermal cycles. A universal testing machine was used to perform the shear bond strength test. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were conducted to compare MPa values according to the surface treatments. Statistically significant differences were found in shear bond strength values among the different repair systems applied to lithium disilicate ceramics (p < 0.001). The GC Initial ceramic group showed significantly higher bond strength compared to the other groups. The use of different primers significantly affected the shear bond strength of lithium disilicate glass ceramics. The immediate application of silane resulted in higher bond strength values in lithium disilicate ceramics.

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of various restorative dental materials against Streptococcus mutans, a major cariogenic pathogen. The materials tested included a resin composite (Estelite Sigma Quick), conventional glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC), a bioactive resin-based material (Activa BioACTIVE Restorative), and a calcium silicate-based material (Biodentine). Antibacterial activity was assessed using the direct contact test (DCT). Each material was tested against S. mutans at 3, 6, 16, and 24-h intervals. Colony-forming units (CFU) were quantified following serial dilution and culture on BHI agar. Statistical comparisons were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test. All materials except Estelite demonstrated significant antibacterial effects. Biodentine exhibited the greatest inhibition (P ≤ 0.001), followed by Fuji IX (P ≤ 0.001), and Fuji II LC (P ≤ 0.01). Activa BioACTIVE showed significant bacterial reduction at 16 and 24 h (P ≤ 0.05). Estelite showed no significant antibacterial effect (P > 0.05). Biodentine displayed sustained and pronounced antibacterial effects, suggesting its suitability for patients at high risk of caries. Fuji IX and Fuji II LC also exhibited antibacterial properties, though to a lesser extent. The findings support the use of bioactive restorative materials in managing bacterial presence and enhancing restoration longevity. The superior antibacterial performance of Biodentine highlights its potential role in preventing secondary caries, particularly in high-risk populations. Clinicians are encouraged to consider bioactive materials as part of comprehensive caries management strategies.

This study comprehensively assessed the factors affecting the complexity of wisdom tooth surgery, the prevalence of each factor class, and the relationships between them. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 526 Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of wisdom teeth. Variables examined included impaction positions using Winter's and Pell and Gregory's classifications, root counts, and frequency of contact with the inferior alveolar canal. The statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square test. The vertical type was the most prevalent impaction position (n = 189, 35.9%), followed by the mesioangular type. According to Pell and Gregory's classification, the most frequent impactions were in positions A and 1. Of the cases studied, 234 involved mesial root contact, 239 had distal root contact, and 158 showed contact with both roots. In total, 345 cases (65.6%) exhibited contact between the third molar and the inferior alveolar nerve, most frequently in the apical third of the root (62.7%). The canal was most often positioned apical to the third molar (n = 415, 78.9%), and the highest ridge position was lingual (N = 234, 44.5%). These findings underscore the high prevalence of contact between impacted mandibular third molars and the inferior alveolar nerve, emphasizing the importance of meticulous preoperative planning to minimize the risk of nerve injury.

This study examined the dental status of individuals with malignant salivary gland epithelial tumors before and after oral hygiene therapy to identify the incidence of dental issues. This study examines how pre-treatment dental care affects oral health during chemotherapy in malignant salivary gland tumor patients. The research included 318 salivary gland malignant epithelial tumor patients, 166 male and 152 female. The tumor staging showed 104 stage I patients (32.7%), 122 stage III patients (38.4%), and 92 stage IV patients (28.9%). A comprehensive dental exam assessed caries, pulpitis, wedge-shaped deformities, and dental treatment needs. The examination found significant oral disease rates in patients. The typical man had 3.16 cavities to fill and 6.83 teeth to remove before dental cleaning. After cleaning, no teeth required extraction; however 4.81 were carious, with pulpitis rising. The average number of teeth filled in women was 2.71, whereas 1.19 needed extraction before cleaning. Pulpititis caused 9.15 carious teeth, however post-cleaning extraction was not needed. Our research reveals how chemotherapy impacts oral health in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, emphasizing the need for preventive dental care. Therapeutic and sanitation treatments enhanced oral hygiene, making early intervention crucial. Future research should focus on long-term oral health care strategies for chemotherapy patients in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan to enhance treatment outcomes.

The colour stability of occlusal devices is a critical factor in their long-term aesthetic performance. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the colour stability of 3D-printed, thermoplastic, and conventional resin materials used in occlusal devices under extrinsic and intrinsic factors. In vitro - comparative study. Sixty rectangular specimens (15 × 15 × 2 mm) of Dentaclear (CAD/CAM 3D-printed), IMPAK (CAD/CAM milled thermoplastic), and ProBase Hot (heat-polymerised) resins were fabricated. Each material group consisted of 20 specimens, with 10 assigned to a control group (immersed in artificial saliva(serving both as the control group and as the intrinsic factor) and 10 to a test group (subjected to 5000 thermocycles in coffee). Baseline colour measurements (L*, a*, b*) were obtained using a spectrophotometer with D65 standard illumination. Colour changes (ΔE00) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula, and statistical analysis was performed using 2-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). 2-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Significant colour changes (ΔE00) were observed in all materials following coffee thermocycling (P < .001). ProBase Hot exhibited the lowest ΔE00 values, indicating the highest colour stability, while IMPAK and Dentaclear showed higher ΔE00 values, with no significant difference between them (P = .287). The control group showed minimal colour change, indicating the negligible effect of intrinsic factors like saliva. Coffee thermocycling significantly impacted colour stability, with ProBase Hot demonstrating superior colour stability compared to IMPAK and Dentaclear. Intrinsic factors like Saliva had minimal influence on colour stability when compared to extrinsic factors like coffee.