Saudi Dental Journal最新文献

This study examined the dental status of individuals with malignant salivary gland epithelial tumors before and after oral hygiene therapy to identify the incidence of dental issues. This study examines how pre-treatment dental care affects oral health during chemotherapy in malignant salivary gland tumor patients. The research included 318 salivary gland malignant epithelial tumor patients, 166 male and 152 female. The tumor staging showed 104 stage I patients (32.7%), 122 stage III patients (38.4%), and 92 stage IV patients (28.9%). A comprehensive dental exam assessed caries, pulpitis, wedge-shaped deformities, and dental treatment needs. The examination found significant oral disease rates in patients. The typical man had 3.16 cavities to fill and 6.83 teeth to remove before dental cleaning. After cleaning, no teeth required extraction; however 4.81 were carious, with pulpitis rising. The average number of teeth filled in women was 2.71, whereas 1.19 needed extraction before cleaning. Pulpititis caused 9.15 carious teeth, however post-cleaning extraction was not needed. Our research reveals how chemotherapy impacts oral health in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, emphasizing the need for preventive dental care. Therapeutic and sanitation treatments enhanced oral hygiene, making early intervention crucial. Future research should focus on long-term oral health care strategies for chemotherapy patients in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan to enhance treatment outcomes.

The colour stability of occlusal devices is a critical factor in their long-term aesthetic performance. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the colour stability of 3D-printed, thermoplastic, and conventional resin materials used in occlusal devices under extrinsic and intrinsic factors. In vitro - comparative study. Sixty rectangular specimens (15 × 15 × 2 mm) of Dentaclear (CAD/CAM 3D-printed), IMPAK (CAD/CAM milled thermoplastic), and ProBase Hot (heat-polymerised) resins were fabricated. Each material group consisted of 20 specimens, with 10 assigned to a control group (immersed in artificial saliva(serving both as the control group and as the intrinsic factor) and 10 to a test group (subjected to 5000 thermocycles in coffee). Baseline colour measurements (L*, a*, b*) were obtained using a spectrophotometer with D65 standard illumination. Colour changes (ΔE00) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula, and statistical analysis was performed using 2-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). 2-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Significant colour changes (ΔE00) were observed in all materials following coffee thermocycling (P < .001). ProBase Hot exhibited the lowest ΔE00 values, indicating the highest colour stability, while IMPAK and Dentaclear showed higher ΔE00 values, with no significant difference between them (P = .287). The control group showed minimal colour change, indicating the negligible effect of intrinsic factors like saliva. Coffee thermocycling significantly impacted colour stability, with ProBase Hot demonstrating superior colour stability compared to IMPAK and Dentaclear. Intrinsic factors like Saliva had minimal influence on colour stability when compared to extrinsic factors like coffee.

That houses the pituitary gland, across various skeletal patterns in an Iranian cohort, highlighting its diagnostic potential in orthodontics and forensic identification. We examined 233 cephalometric radiographs from individuals aged 18-70 years in Mashhad, Iran (78 males (33.5%) and 155 females (66.5%)). The dimensions of the sella turcica (diameter, length, and depth) were measured using Romexis software. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess dimensional differences across skeletal patterns (p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the relationships between dimensions and age, while the Mann‒Whitney test was used to compare dimensions between sexes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and ANOVA; normality was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and results are reported as mean ± standard deviation. Significant correlations were found between the dimensions and shape of the sella turcica. The longest length (6.78 mm) was associated with oval shapes (P = 0.003), whereas the greatest diameter (9.25 mm) was associated with flat shapes (P = 0.013). The length and diameter increased with age (P = 0.001 and P = 0.035, respectively). No significant relationships were observed with morphology, sex, skeletal pattern, or facial height (P >0.05). Sella turcica dimensions are influenced by age and floor shape but not by sex, morphology, or skeletal pattern. These findings provide valuable insights for cephalometric analysis to diagnose hypophyseal and craniofacial syndromes.

Space closure is a challenging process that requires thorough understanding of biomechanics to avoid any undesirable tooth movements. In sliding mechanics; two-step retraction (TSR) and en-masse retraction (ER) are the two basic strategies for closing extraction spaces. No other systematic review has compared the magnitude of incisor retraction, pain, discomfort, amount of root shortening and time taken for space closure between the two techniques. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare the degree of anchor loss, time taken for space closure, amount of root resorption, anterior incisor retraction, success rate, patient compliance and aesthetic changes between TSR and ER. Only RCTs were incorporated with inclusion criteria as patients between 10 to 40 years of age undergoing orthodontic treatment with class I and II malocclusions requiring first premolar extraction with absolute or maximum anchorage plan. Seven RCTs have been included in the qualitative synthesis of the review. ER using mini-screws showed a statistically significant difference in anchorage preservation, amount of incisor retraction and time taken for space closure. Anchorage loss between ER and TSR is not significant. However, the time taken for TSR is 1.8 to 2.2 times more than ER and the anchorage control is better provided by mini-screw assisted ER than conventional systems. Pain and discomfort experienced by the patients using mini-screws were initially higher and the amount of root resorption shows no vivid difference in both the techniques.

To compare the efficacy of using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) exosomes and injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) on the submandibular salivary glands (SMGs) of aged albino rats in restoring salivary gland structure and function. A total of 40 healthy male albino rats were used, two for obtaining the BM-MSCs, 10 for i-PRF preparation and seven adult rats (6-8 months old) represented the control group (Group 1). The remaining 21 rats were aged (18-20 months old) and divided into three groups of seven rats each; (Group 2): received no treatment, (Group 3): each rat received a single intraglandular injection of BM-MSC exosomes (50 μg/kg/dose suspended in 0.2 ml PBS), and (Group 4): each rat received a single intraglandular injection of i-PRF (0.2 mL). One month later, glands were dissected and examined histologically for structural changes. Function was assessed via immunohistochemical examination using aquaporin-5 (AQP5) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for nerve growth factor (NGF) then analyzed statistically. Histologically, Group 1 showed normal acini and duct histology. Group 2 showed structural degeneration in acini and different duct systems. Treated groups represented signs of regeneration in the form of uniform duct systems and acini similar to Group 1. Immunohistochemical examination revealed increased immuno-expression of AQP5, while ELISA showed decreased NGF in all treated groups in relation to the aged group, and this was proven statistically. Aging causes deterioration in structure and function of the SMGs. BM-MSC exosomes and i-PRF can alleviate the damaging effect of aged SMGs.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in children, and both the condition and its treatments can significantly affect oral health. This systematic review aimed to assess the oral and dental health status of epileptic children. This secondary study involved a systematic literature search up to June 2024, using databases including Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PubMed. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality was assessed using NIH checklist. Data were analyzed using Stata 17 software. The I² test evaluated heterogeneity. The Begg's and Mazumdar's test detected publication bias. From a total of 692 articles, 8 were included in the meta-analysis. Healthy and epileptic children were compared in 4 indices: DMFT, dmft, gingival index and plaque index. The mean differences of DMFT and dmft between two groups with epilepsy and healthy children were not significant with the effect sizes of 0.131 (P-value = 0.133; 95% CI: -0.040-0.303) and 0.137 (P-value = 0.597; 95% CI: 0.371-0.646), respectively. The mean differences of gingival index and plaque index were significantly higher in epileptic children compared to healthy ones with the effect sizes of 0.880 (Pvalue < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.583-1.178) and 0.788. (P-value < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.509-1.067) respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of caries in children with epilepsy compared to healthy children. However, the plaque index and gingival index were significantly higher in children with epilepsy.

This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and causes of dental malpractice complaints filed with the Forensic Medical Commission (FMC) of Tehran Province from 2016 to 2022. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using 450 case files selected by simple random sampling technique. Data on plaintiffs' and defendants' age, gender, and education level, type of treatment, time between treatment and complaint, commission verdict, defendant specialty, and treatment location were extracted and analyzed using the Chi-square test, forward stepwise multiple logistic regression, and Joinpoint regression, performed in IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. (α = 0.05). A total of 450 dental malpractice complaints were reviewed, all of which met the inclusion criteria for final analysis. The majority of defendants (70.7%) were males aged 46 to 55 years, while 57.6% of plaintiffs were females. Among defendants, 82.7% were general dentists, and 12.9% were non-dentist operators.The annual distribution of complaints was 45 in 2016, 47 in 2017, 54 in 2018, 71 in 2019, 54 in 2020, 81 in 2021, and 98 in 2022. Dental clinicians were found guilty in 61.3% of cases (n = 276). The most frequent complaints were related to prosthetic treatments (20.4%), dental implants (17.8%), and extractions (14.4%). The highest malpractice rates were observed in endodontic and prosthetic crown treatments (85.2%), followed by endodontic (66.7%), implant (66.3%), aesthetic (66.1%), and fixed prosthetic (62.8%) procedures. Malpractice was confirmed in 64.5% of complaints by females and 57.1% by males. From 2016 to 2022, dental malpractice complaints in Tehran Province showed a clear upward trend, with defendants held liable in 61.3% of cases, most commonly involving prosthetic treatments, implants, and extractions. Non‑dentist operators faced higher odds of conviction than generalists or specialists, while general dentists accounted for the majority of complaints. Female plaintiffs were more likely to have confirmed malpractice than males, and combined endodontic‑crown procedures posed the highest risk. These results highlight the urgent need for targeted training and tighter regulation to enhance patient safety and curb litigation.

Prophylaxis is an effective method for preventing dental caries and periodontal diseases. This in-vitro study evaluated changes in the roughness of the immature enamel surface following different prophylaxis methods. The crowns of 35 extracted third molars were sectioned buccolingually to obtain buccal and lingual halves. Seventy samples were mounted in acrylic blocks and randomly allocated to seven groups (n = 10 per group): Group 1 (Golchai paste/Rubber cup), Group 2 (Morvabon paste/rubber cup), Group 3 (Sina paste/Rubber cup), Group 4 (Rubber cup-only), Group 5 (Brush-only), Group 6 (Golchai paste/brush), and Group 7 (Golchai paste-double amount/ higher speed rubber cup). Prophylaxis was performed for 3 s using a handpiece at 3000 rpm with 200 g pressure. The untreated half of each sample served as a control. A non-contact profilometer was utilized to evaluate the surface roughness. Statistical analyses were conducted employing ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc test, paired t-tests, and Wilcoxon tests (α = 0.05). ANOVA indicated a significant difference in surface roughness among groups (p-value = 0.008). Pairwise comparison showed that Golchai paste reduced surface roughness when applied with a rubber cup but increased it when used with a brush, with a statistically significant difference between the two methods. However, Golchai/rubber cup group was comparable to Morvabon/rubber cup and Sina/rubber cup groups. Within-group comparisons showed a significant reduction in surface roughness in Golchai/rubber cup group (p-value = 0.010), while Brush-only group exhibited a significant increase (p-value = 0.028). Among the tested methods, the combination of Golchai paste and a rubber cup produced the smoothest enamel surface. In contrast, using Golchai paste with a brush resulted in the roughest surface. Doubling the paste amount and increasing the handpiece speed did not significantly alter roughness. Based on these in-vitro findings, the use of a prophylaxis brush is not recommended for immature or newly erupted teeth, as it resulted in increased surface roughness. Future in-vivo studies are warranted to further investigate these effects in clinical settings.

Dental implants using digital technologies have become more popular for partial and fully edentulous patients. This in-vitro study aimed to compare the accuracy of one- and two-phase photogrammetry implant impression techniques. Six abutment-level implant analogs (screw-retained abutment diameter 4.6 mm, Straumann) were parallelly attached to the maxillary edentulous model. Scan bodies (CARES® RC Mono, Straumann) were put in place and scanned with an E4 lab scanner. Cylindrical abutments with bars (Dental system, 3Shape) were then designed and exported as a "Reference file". The study samples were divided into two groups, each containing 15 samples; Group I involved placing and capturing all six scan bodies (PIC transfers) using a stereo camera (PIC legacy), and Group II involved recording four anterior PIC transfers using a stereo camera. Following the import of the recorded data, a dental system was used to design cylindrical abutments with bars. Then, PIC transfers were removed, except the first left premolar, and the remaining PIC transfers were placed on the first molar on both sides, and records were made. Finally, the exported files were incorporated into a reverse engineering software program (Geomagic Design X) for comparison through best-fit alignment. It revealed no significant differences in linear, angular, and overall discrepancies between Groups I and Group II. Both groups exhibit discrepancies that are within the prescribed range for well-fitted complete arch implant support prostheses (< 100 µm). The capture protocols of one- and two-phase photogrammetry implant impressions present similar linear, angulation, and overall discrepancies. Both one- and two-phase photogrammetry implant impressions can be used in the complete arch implant support prostheses.

Purpose: Approximately 19% of the global adult population is affected by periodontal diseases. Healing is a protracted process that is significantly influenced by the patient's motivation, proficiency, and cooperation. The prevalence of periodontal diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus is extremely high, and the relationship is bidirectional. In previous investigations, metformin (MF), a biguanide antidiabetic medicine, has demonstrated promising results when administered locally to periodontal defects. The study aimed to systematically assess available literature that evaluate the effectiveness of 1% metformin gel in the treatment of periodontal disease. We attempted to include clinical trials on patients with periodontitis treated with local administration of 1% metformin gel, compared to a placebo.

Methods: Using identical MeSH terms, we conducted a systematic search in three databases. Our analysis encompassed human studies that measured the periodontal pocket depth, the clinical attachment level, and the depth of the intra-bony defect. Meta-analyses were carried out using random effects model to compare the mean differences between the study group, which received 1% MF gel locally in addition to traditional scaling and root planing (SRP), and the control group, which received a placebo in addition to conventional treatment.

Results: Following the selection procedure, six articles were selected for inclusion in our meta-analysis, out of the 246 articles identified through the systematic search. After three and six months of follow-up, meta-analyses revealed statistically significant differences between the control and study groups. The overall effect for PD was a 1.33 mm reduction (95% confidence interval (CI): -1.66; -1.01) after three months and 1.87 mm (-2.24; -1.39) after six months. The overall effect of CAL was 1.80 mm (-2.26; -1.34) after three months and 2.14 mm (-2.71; -1.58) after six months. The change in IBD after a six-month follow-up was 1.16 mm (-1.40; -0.92).

Conclusion: The application of 1% MF gel enhances the healing process in periodontal diseases, when employed in conjunction with conventional therapy.