Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1353/jhi.2023.a909533
Jacob M. Baum
Abstract: This essay assesses the degree to which the deaf were regarded as a disabled population in medical, religious, and legal thought during the Renaissance, chronologically identified with the period between approximately 1500 and 1650. The primary geographic focus rests on the German-speaking lands of central Europe. Analysis shows that the idea of deafness as a disability here was composite one, making connections between inability to hear and intellectual impairment, moral deficiency, and disease. This contrasts with recent findings elsewhere in Europe, where intellectuals were more focused on sign languages as a means of integrating the deaf into hearing society.
{"title":"The Idea of Deafness as Disability in Renaissance Germany","authors":"Jacob M. Baum","doi":"10.1353/jhi.2023.a909533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2023.a909533","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This essay assesses the degree to which the deaf were regarded as a disabled population in medical, religious, and legal thought during the Renaissance, chronologically identified with the period between approximately 1500 and 1650. The primary geographic focus rests on the German-speaking lands of central Europe. Analysis shows that the idea of deafness as a disability here was composite one, making connections between inability to hear and intellectual impairment, moral deficiency, and disease. This contrasts with recent findings elsewhere in Europe, where intellectuals were more focused on sign languages as a means of integrating the deaf into hearing society.","PeriodicalId":47274,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1353/jhi.2023.a909537
Carmen Lea Dege
Abstract: This article analyzes the legacy of the idea of an Axial Age with a particular focus on Habermas, Taylor, Assmann, and Jaspers. I ask what has motivated the use of the concept and illustrate the ways in which it is situated in the twentieth-century debate on myth. I then respond to the limitations of the concept’s legacy and turn to two overlooked elements of Jaspers’s initial intervention: In contrast to the dominant discourse, he argued that myth changed its form and was not replaced by logos; he also argued that the Axial Age failed rather than succeeded.
{"title":"Myth, Modernity, and the Legacy of the Axial Age: Taylor, Habermas, Assmann, and Jaspers","authors":"Carmen Lea Dege","doi":"10.1353/jhi.2023.a909537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2023.a909537","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article analyzes the legacy of the idea of an Axial Age with a particular focus on Habermas, Taylor, Assmann, and Jaspers. I ask what has motivated the use of the concept and illustrate the ways in which it is situated in the twentieth-century debate on myth. I then respond to the limitations of the concept’s legacy and turn to two overlooked elements of Jaspers’s initial intervention: In contrast to the dominant discourse, he argued that myth changed its form and was not replaced by logos; he also argued that the Axial Age failed rather than succeeded.","PeriodicalId":47274,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1353/jhi.2023.a909541
{"title":"Contents of Volume 83","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/jhi.2023.a909541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2023.a909541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47274,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1353/jhi.2023.a909535
Anna Joukovskaia
Abstract: This article offers a revision of the history of Vincent de Gournay’s neologism bureaucracy . The author shows that it was designed as a polemical tool against a tendency to multiply customs, tax-collecting and controlling bureaus, which “strangled commerce” in France. The origin of the term had more to do with the pre-physiocratic theory of liberal economy than with political philosophy. More than just a pun, it emerged in the wake of a long tradition of anti-office discourse and formed part of a new rhetorical strategy aimed at legitimizing the merchant estate, which suffered from a lack of prestige in France.
{"title":"Bureaucracy: The Making of a Buzzword","authors":"Anna Joukovskaia","doi":"10.1353/jhi.2023.a909535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2023.a909535","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article offers a revision of the history of Vincent de Gournay’s neologism bureaucracy . The author shows that it was designed as a polemical tool against a tendency to multiply customs, tax-collecting and controlling bureaus, which “strangled commerce” in France. The origin of the term had more to do with the pre-physiocratic theory of liberal economy than with political philosophy. More than just a pun, it emerged in the wake of a long tradition of anti-office discourse and formed part of a new rhetorical strategy aimed at legitimizing the merchant estate, which suffered from a lack of prestige in France.","PeriodicalId":47274,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1353/jhi.2023.a909534
Felix Schlichter
Abstract: This paper looks at the way in which scholars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries conceptualized the relationship between sacred history and pagan mythology through the lens of their approach to the ancient Greek writer Euhemerus. It argues that the popular contemporary tendency to equate Euhemerism with the historical interpretation of pagan mythology is the product of early eighteenth century French mythography, during which time scholars divested the study of pagan myth from the study of biblical history and thereby sought for new, non-Christian, hermeneutical traditions through which to analyze the origins of pagan mythology more generally.
{"title":"Euhemerus and Euhemerism in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries","authors":"Felix Schlichter","doi":"10.1353/jhi.2023.a909534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2023.a909534","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This paper looks at the way in which scholars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries conceptualized the relationship between sacred history and pagan mythology through the lens of their approach to the ancient Greek writer Euhemerus. It argues that the popular contemporary tendency to equate Euhemerism with the historical interpretation of pagan mythology is the product of early eighteenth century French mythography, during which time scholars divested the study of pagan myth from the study of biblical history and thereby sought for new, non-Christian, hermeneutical traditions through which to analyze the origins of pagan mythology more generally.","PeriodicalId":47274,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1353/jhi.2023.a909531
Michael C. Carhart
Donald R. Kelley (1931–2023) Michael C. Carhart Donald R. Kelley passed away in New Brunswick, New Jersey, on August 24, 2023, at age 92. Executive editor of the Journal of the History of Ideas from 1985 until his retirement in 2005, he was a much sought-after guide for his astonishing breadth of learning, his clarity of insight, and his reassuring confidence in the strength of intellectual history as a methodology. He cultivated and mentored young scholars who brought new methodologies and more inclusive voices in an era of increasing globalization. Kelley’s death fell on the 451st anniversary of the St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre, the event that catalyzed the ideologies, methodologies, and mythologies at the center of his early scholarship. These he explained in a 1972 American Historical Review essay and then over three monographs on the development of historical methods as practiced by constitutional lawyers during the sixteenth century in France, plus a fourth on law and historicism in nineteenth-century France. In 1984, Variorum reprinted a selection of his then-forty articles, of which three had been published in the JHI. Kelley assumed the executive editorship of the JHI in the summer of 1985, taking over from Philip P. Wiener and moving the office of production from Temple University to the University of Rochester. He soon found Robin Ladrach, who would serve as assistant and associate editor through Kelley’s entire tenure, continuing as managing editor until 2015. In 1991 the operation moved to Rutgers University. Upon taking the helm, Kelley immediately addressed the challenge to intellectual history posed by the linguistic turn, the new cultural history, the new historicism, women’s and gender history, and world history. In his first five years as editor, he published three articles that set both intellectual history and the new histories deeply in the theory and methods of four hundred years of historiography. Kelley raised a skeptical eyebrow to the claims of novelty of the new histories. At the same time, he historicized Lovejoy’s project. These themes he would work out in nearly ninety articles, a trilogy of monographs on the history of historiography, plus his linguistically oriented Descent of Ideas (2002). [End Page v] Overwhelmingly the concern was whether scholars can get behind language to tease out the ideas expressed within it. “Language is the ocean in which we all swim,” Kelley concluded in 2002, “and whatever our dreams of rigorous science, we are fishes, not oceanographers.” His final project in retirement was centered on Herder’s Metakritik (1799) of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, but failing eyesight prevented its completion. An example of his approach to intellectual history was a highly successful seminar at the Folger Shakespeare Library, whose scholars combined cultural, institutional, and material contexts with the close investigation of particular texts, authors, and intellectual projects. By the time he retir
{"title":"Donald R. Kelley (1931–2023)","authors":"Michael C. Carhart","doi":"10.1353/jhi.2023.a909531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2023.a909531","url":null,"abstract":"Donald R. Kelley (1931–2023) Michael C. Carhart Donald R. Kelley passed away in New Brunswick, New Jersey, on August 24, 2023, at age 92. Executive editor of the Journal of the History of Ideas from 1985 until his retirement in 2005, he was a much sought-after guide for his astonishing breadth of learning, his clarity of insight, and his reassuring confidence in the strength of intellectual history as a methodology. He cultivated and mentored young scholars who brought new methodologies and more inclusive voices in an era of increasing globalization. Kelley’s death fell on the 451st anniversary of the St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre, the event that catalyzed the ideologies, methodologies, and mythologies at the center of his early scholarship. These he explained in a 1972 American Historical Review essay and then over three monographs on the development of historical methods as practiced by constitutional lawyers during the sixteenth century in France, plus a fourth on law and historicism in nineteenth-century France. In 1984, Variorum reprinted a selection of his then-forty articles, of which three had been published in the JHI. Kelley assumed the executive editorship of the JHI in the summer of 1985, taking over from Philip P. Wiener and moving the office of production from Temple University to the University of Rochester. He soon found Robin Ladrach, who would serve as assistant and associate editor through Kelley’s entire tenure, continuing as managing editor until 2015. In 1991 the operation moved to Rutgers University. Upon taking the helm, Kelley immediately addressed the challenge to intellectual history posed by the linguistic turn, the new cultural history, the new historicism, women’s and gender history, and world history. In his first five years as editor, he published three articles that set both intellectual history and the new histories deeply in the theory and methods of four hundred years of historiography. Kelley raised a skeptical eyebrow to the claims of novelty of the new histories. At the same time, he historicized Lovejoy’s project. These themes he would work out in nearly ninety articles, a trilogy of monographs on the history of historiography, plus his linguistically oriented Descent of Ideas (2002). [End Page v] Overwhelmingly the concern was whether scholars can get behind language to tease out the ideas expressed within it. “Language is the ocean in which we all swim,” Kelley concluded in 2002, “and whatever our dreams of rigorous science, we are fishes, not oceanographers.” His final project in retirement was centered on Herder’s Metakritik (1799) of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, but failing eyesight prevented its completion. An example of his approach to intellectual history was a highly successful seminar at the Folger Shakespeare Library, whose scholars combined cultural, institutional, and material contexts with the close investigation of particular texts, authors, and intellectual projects. By the time he retir","PeriodicalId":47274,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1353/jhi.2023.a909532
Alexandre M. Roberts
Abstract: This article investigates several discussions of “chemistry,” understood as an analysts’ category referring to theories and practices dealing with the structure and transformation of matter. By reading these texts (a treatise defending kīmiyāʾ by al-Fārābī, the famous passage from Ibn Sīnā’s Shifāʾ on transmutation, Ibn Taymiyyah’s fatwā against kīmiyāʾ , Michael Psellos’s treatise On Making Gold , and the same author’s Accusation against a sitting Patriarch of Constantinople), the article aims to lay the groundwork for integrating the historiography of Byzantine and Arabic alchemy into a wider western Eurasian intellectual history.
{"title":"Thinking about Chemistry in Byzantium and the Islamic World","authors":"Alexandre M. Roberts","doi":"10.1353/jhi.2023.a909532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2023.a909532","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article investigates several discussions of “chemistry,” understood as an analysts’ category referring to theories and practices dealing with the structure and transformation of matter. By reading these texts (a treatise defending kīmiyāʾ by al-Fārābī, the famous passage from Ibn Sīnā’s Shifāʾ on transmutation, Ibn Taymiyyah’s fatwā against kīmiyāʾ , Michael Psellos’s treatise On Making Gold , and the same author’s Accusation against a sitting Patriarch of Constantinople), the article aims to lay the groundwork for integrating the historiography of Byzantine and Arabic alchemy into a wider western Eurasian intellectual history.","PeriodicalId":47274,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. Intraocular lens (IOL) implants are placed routinely in the capsular bag after successful cataract extraction. However, in the absence of adequate capsular support, IOL may be placed in the anterior chamber, fixated to the iris or fixated to the sclera. The purpose of this study is to report the clinical outcomes and safety profile of a trans-scleral sutured intraocular lens (IOL) technique using scleral flaps, vitrectomy, and Gore-Tex suture to place posterior chamber IOL.
Methods: Retrospective, interventional case series of eyes undergoing scleral fixation of an IOL using Gore-Tex suture with concurrent vitrectomy. Ocular examination with the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (logMAR BCVA), tonometry, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed on all patients at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation. All post-operative complications were recorded.
Results: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients were included. Mean logMAR BCVA improved from 0.43 ± 0.36 (2040 Snellen equivalent) preoperatively to 0.13 ± 0.18 (2025 Snellen equivalent) postoperatively at 12 months (p<0.01). Indications included surgical aphakia (16) and dislocated lens implant (9). No cases of IOL opacification, suprachoroidal haemorrhage, post-operative endophthalmitis, IOL dislocation, Gore-Tex exposure, or retinal detachment were observed during the follow-up period.
Conclusion: Ab externo scleral fixation of IOLs with Gore-Tex suture plus scleral flap is well tolerated and associated with a very low rate of suture exposition. Moreover, our study confirms excellent refractive outcomes after surgery.
{"title":"Scleral flaps, pars plana vitrectomy and gore-tex sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens placement: a case series and review of literature.","authors":"Pasquale Napolitano, Mariaelena Filippelli, Marianna Carosielli, Ciro Costagliola, Roberto Dell'Omo","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2023.1147881","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2023.1147881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. Intraocular lens (IOL) implants are placed routinely in the capsular bag after successful cataract extraction. However, in the absence of adequate capsular support, IOL may be placed in the anterior chamber, fixated to the iris or fixated to the sclera. The purpose of this study is to report the clinical outcomes and safety profile of a trans-scleral sutured intraocular lens (IOL) technique using scleral flaps, vitrectomy, and Gore-Tex suture to place posterior chamber IOL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective, interventional case series of eyes undergoing scleral fixation of an IOL using Gore-Tex suture with concurrent vitrectomy. Ocular examination with the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (logMAR BCVA), tonometry, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed on all patients at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation. All post-operative complications were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients were included. Mean logMAR BCVA improved from 0.43 ± 0.36 (2040 Snellen equivalent) preoperatively to 0.13 ± 0.18 (2025 Snellen equivalent) postoperatively at 12 months (p<0.01). Indications included surgical aphakia (16) and dislocated lens implant (9). No cases of IOL opacification, suprachoroidal haemorrhage, post-operative endophthalmitis, IOL dislocation, Gore-Tex exposure, or retinal detachment were observed during the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ab externo scleral fixation of IOLs with Gore-Tex suture plus scleral flap is well tolerated and associated with a very low rate of suture exposition. Moreover, our study confirms excellent refractive outcomes after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":47274,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS","volume":"59 1","pages":"1147881"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88516509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1353/jhi.2023.a909531
Michael C Carhart
{"title":"Donald R. Kelley (1931-2023).","authors":"Michael C Carhart","doi":"10.1353/jhi.2023.a909531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2023.a909531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47274,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS","volume":"84 4","pages":"v-vi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1353/jhi.2023.a909541
{"title":"Contents of Volume 83.","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/jhi.2023.a909541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2023.a909541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47274,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS","volume":"84 4","pages":"813-814"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：