Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2105927
A. Roberts, Raegan Murphy, E. McNally, J. Derevensky, Steve Sharman
ABSTRACT Numbers of adolescents experiencing gambling related harm are increasing. Teachers spend a significant amount of time with students and their attitudes can make an impact on engagement in high-risk behavior. However, teachers’ awareness of, and attitudes towards adolescent gambling are under-researched; this study aimed to address this gap. 157 UK schoolteachers completed an online survey assessing their perceptions of adolescent gambling. Cochran’s-Q tests of association and regression analyses revealed that teachers perceived adolescent gambling as significantly less serious than other high-risk behaviors. Teachers also reported having significantly less frequent conversations about gambling and were less confident addressing gambling issues than other high-risk behaviors. Arguments are made for increased teacher training around problematic youth gambling. Such a strategy would be a prerequisite for the development and implementation of targeted prevention from harms.
{"title":"Teacher attitudes towards and awareness of adolescent gambling behavior in the UK","authors":"A. Roberts, Raegan Murphy, E. McNally, J. Derevensky, Steve Sharman","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2105927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2105927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Numbers of adolescents experiencing gambling related harm are increasing. Teachers spend a significant amount of time with students and their attitudes can make an impact on engagement in high-risk behavior. However, teachers’ awareness of, and attitudes towards adolescent gambling are under-researched; this study aimed to address this gap. 157 UK schoolteachers completed an online survey assessing their perceptions of adolescent gambling. Cochran’s-Q tests of association and regression analyses revealed that teachers perceived adolescent gambling as significantly less serious than other high-risk behaviors. Teachers also reported having significantly less frequent conversations about gambling and were less confident addressing gambling issues than other high-risk behaviors. Arguments are made for increased teacher training around problematic youth gambling. Such a strategy would be a prerequisite for the development and implementation of targeted prevention from harms.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"160 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49604305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2108483
Sasha Mathieu, I. Varescon
ABSTRACT Poker is a game of chance and strategy in which the situations that arise and the outcome can cause gamblers to experience intense emotions, both pleasant and unpleasant, which can alter decision-making and lead to loss of control. This qualitative study aimed to identify elements that could contribute to better emotional regulation and gambling practices among experienced poker gamblers. A thematic analysis was carried out on 21 interviews conducted with male poker gamblers. It revealed four main themes: a confrontation with intense feelings (tilt, chasing, adrenaline), learning about and around the game (rules, jargon, knowledge of probability and statistics), a change in perception of poker (game as a sport, competition and improvement motives), and emotional detachment from the game over time. Acquiring knowledge about the game, attributing a word to each of the unfolding events, approaching poker in a scientific and serious manner, and introspection to improve poker practice seem to help poker gamblers regain control after being in the grip of intense emotions. This study provides access to the path taken by poker gamblers to respond to their desire to continue the gambling activity and to no longer be plagued by intense feelings.
{"title":"What are experienced poker gamblers saying about gambling? An exploratory qualitative study","authors":"Sasha Mathieu, I. Varescon","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2108483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2108483","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Poker is a game of chance and strategy in which the situations that arise and the outcome can cause gamblers to experience intense emotions, both pleasant and unpleasant, which can alter decision-making and lead to loss of control. This qualitative study aimed to identify elements that could contribute to better emotional regulation and gambling practices among experienced poker gamblers. A thematic analysis was carried out on 21 interviews conducted with male poker gamblers. It revealed four main themes: a confrontation with intense feelings (tilt, chasing, adrenaline), learning about and around the game (rules, jargon, knowledge of probability and statistics), a change in perception of poker (game as a sport, competition and improvement motives), and emotional detachment from the game over time. Acquiring knowledge about the game, attributing a word to each of the unfolding events, approaching poker in a scientific and serious manner, and introspection to improve poker practice seem to help poker gamblers regain control after being in the grip of intense emotions. This study provides access to the path taken by poker gamblers to respond to their desire to continue the gambling activity and to no longer be plagued by intense feelings.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"185 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45601031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2086992
Samantha J. Hollingshead, Christopher G. Davis, Michael J. A. Wohl
ABSTRACT This research draws on the model of positive play (i.e. responsible gambling) to investigate whether positive play beliefs (e.g. accurate understanding about the odds of success on games of chance) and behavior (e.g. setting a limit on gambling expenditures) are associated with attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. Results from Study 1 indicated that among American casino loyalty program members (N = 188), positive play was predictive of attitudinal loyalty when controlling for disordered gambling symptomatology. In Study 2, using survey and player-account data from 383 members of a Canadian casino loyalty program, we found that positive play was negatively associated with behavioral loyalty, but that this association was eliminated after accounting for disordered gambling symptomatology. These results suggest that fostering positive play may help increase positive perceptions of a casino and its loyalty program without undermining the amount of money a player spends at that casino.
{"title":"The customer-brand relationship in the gambling industry: positive play predicts attitudinal and behavioral loyalty","authors":"Samantha J. Hollingshead, Christopher G. Davis, Michael J. A. Wohl","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2086992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2086992","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research draws on the model of positive play (i.e. responsible gambling) to investigate whether positive play beliefs (e.g. accurate understanding about the odds of success on games of chance) and behavior (e.g. setting a limit on gambling expenditures) are associated with attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. Results from Study 1 indicated that among American casino loyalty program members (N = 188), positive play was predictive of attitudinal loyalty when controlling for disordered gambling symptomatology. In Study 2, using survey and player-account data from 383 members of a Canadian casino loyalty program, we found that positive play was negatively associated with behavioral loyalty, but that this association was eliminated after accounting for disordered gambling symptomatology. These results suggest that fostering positive play may help increase positive perceptions of a casino and its loyalty program without undermining the amount of money a player spends at that casino.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"118 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48485017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2083655
Bernadeta Lelonek-Kuleta
ABSTRACT The aim of the research was to learn about the specifics of motivation to gamble for retired men in Poland against the background of the severity of gambling problems. Gambling activity among seniors has not been studied so far in Poland, while global studies usually include seniors as a homogeneous group in terms of gender, which makes it impossible to recognize the gender-specific motivation. The qualitative study carried out in 2017 included 44 men aged 55–83. The recruitment took place in various gambling establishments in Poland. The study inclusion criteria was the subject’s retirement and regular gambling (once a week or more) at least six months before the interview. The thematic analysis was used to data analysis. Ten main motives and five parent categories of gambling motives among senior male gamblers has been identified. The most common motivation to gamble are factors from the self-gratification area. Challenge was the motivation least frequently mentioned by the sample. Non-problem gamblers are most often motivated by social factors, while problem gamblers are mainly motivated by financial reasons and to cope with difficulties. In Poland, a deteriorating financial situation at retirement age can be an important risk factor for gambling problems.
{"title":"Male gambling on retirement – qualitative analysis of problem and non-problem Polish gamblers’ motivation to gamble","authors":"Bernadeta Lelonek-Kuleta","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2083655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2083655","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the research was to learn about the specifics of motivation to gamble for retired men in Poland against the background of the severity of gambling problems. Gambling activity among seniors has not been studied so far in Poland, while global studies usually include seniors as a homogeneous group in terms of gender, which makes it impossible to recognize the gender-specific motivation. The qualitative study carried out in 2017 included 44 men aged 55–83. The recruitment took place in various gambling establishments in Poland. The study inclusion criteria was the subject’s retirement and regular gambling (once a week or more) at least six months before the interview. The thematic analysis was used to data analysis. Ten main motives and five parent categories of gambling motives among senior male gamblers has been identified. The most common motivation to gamble are factors from the self-gratification area. Challenge was the motivation least frequently mentioned by the sample. Non-problem gamblers are most often motivated by social factors, while problem gamblers are mainly motivated by financial reasons and to cope with difficulties. In Poland, a deteriorating financial situation at retirement age can be an important risk factor for gambling problems.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"96 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42289686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2077977
J. Spångberg, Josefin Månsson, J. Törrönen, E. Samuelsson
ABSTRACT Youth gambling is commonly described in policy and research as a high-risk behavior. To design relevant measures to prevent gambling problems among youth, it is important to understand how youth themselves relate to gambling. To explore how youth navigate their position on gambling in the context of their everyday lives, we conducted qualitative interviews with 35 participants aged 17–21 years in Sweden; 15 had gambled and 20 had experience of others’ gambling. The thematic analysis showed that both gamblers and non-gamblers overall had negative attitudes toward gambling and emphasized repeatedly discourses of personal responsibility in it. The participants used various neutralization techniques to navigate the economic and addictive risks of gambling. Youth who gambled distanced themselves from the risks of gambling by drawing a line between themselves and excessive gamblers, between safe and unsafe gambling, or highlighted how their skills and strategic thinking made gambling less problematic. Also, gambling in liminal circumstances abroad or in alcohol-serving venues offered a safe time and place for gambling by separating it from everyday life practices. The findings provide important cues to how young people locate gambling in their everyday life, which is useful knowledge for policy and prevention.
{"title":"Making sense of gambling. Swedish youth navigating between risk and responsibility","authors":"J. Spångberg, Josefin Månsson, J. Törrönen, E. Samuelsson","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2077977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2077977","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Youth gambling is commonly described in policy and research as a high-risk behavior. To design relevant measures to prevent gambling problems among youth, it is important to understand how youth themselves relate to gambling. To explore how youth navigate their position on gambling in the context of their everyday lives, we conducted qualitative interviews with 35 participants aged 17–21 years in Sweden; 15 had gambled and 20 had experience of others’ gambling. The thematic analysis showed that both gamblers and non-gamblers overall had negative attitudes toward gambling and emphasized repeatedly discourses of personal responsibility in it. The participants used various neutralization techniques to navigate the economic and addictive risks of gambling. Youth who gambled distanced themselves from the risks of gambling by drawing a line between themselves and excessive gamblers, between safe and unsafe gambling, or highlighted how their skills and strategic thinking made gambling less problematic. Also, gambling in liminal circumstances abroad or in alcohol-serving venues offered a safe time and place for gambling by separating it from everyday life practices. The findings provide important cues to how young people locate gambling in their everyday life, which is useful knowledge for policy and prevention.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"57 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45617784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2079705
Steffi De Jans
ABSTRACT Digital gambling advertising is omnipresent nowadays and leads young adults easily and directly to online gambling websites, challenging their self-control and inducing impulsive behaviors. The current study examines how including betting odds in digital gambling advertising for sports betting affects young adults’ gambling intentions and gambling attitudes toward sports betting and whether positive affective reactions toward the advertising can explain this. In addition, the moderating roles of gender and advertising format are investigated. The results of a two (advertising strategy: no odds advertising versus odds advertising) by two (digital advertising format: social media ad versus online banner) between-subjects experiment among 150 young adults (18 to 25 years) show that odds advertising (compared to an ad not including odds) led to more positive affective reactions toward the sports betting advertisement, which subsequently positively affected both gambling intentions and gambling attitudes. However, these results were only true for men and not for women. Finally, there was no moderating role of digital advertising format.
{"title":"The effectiveness of betting odds in digital gambling advertising for sports betting","authors":"Steffi De Jans","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2079705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2079705","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Digital gambling advertising is omnipresent nowadays and leads young adults easily and directly to online gambling websites, challenging their self-control and inducing impulsive behaviors. The current study examines how including betting odds in digital gambling advertising for sports betting affects young adults’ gambling intentions and gambling attitudes toward sports betting and whether positive affective reactions toward the advertising can explain this. In addition, the moderating roles of gender and advertising format are investigated. The results of a two (advertising strategy: no odds advertising versus odds advertising) by two (digital advertising format: social media ad versus online banner) between-subjects experiment among 150 young adults (18 to 25 years) show that odds advertising (compared to an ad not including odds) led to more positive affective reactions toward the sports betting advertisement, which subsequently positively affected both gambling intentions and gambling attitudes. However, these results were only true for men and not for women. Finally, there was no moderating role of digital advertising format.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"75 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42137086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2063923
Glen Dighton, K. Wood, C. Armour, M. Fossey, Lee Hogan, N. Kitchiner, Justyn Larcombe, Robert D. Rogers, S. Dymond
ABSTRACT Military service, mental health, and gambling activities and motivations as predictors of problem gambling in a sample of UK AF veterans. Age-and-gender matched veterans (n = 1,037) and non-veterans (n = 1,148) completed an online survey of problem gambling, gambling motivation, mental health (depression and anxiety), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Past year problem gambling rates were higher in veterans compared to non-veterans. Veteran status predicted increased problem gambling risk. The relationship between problem gambling and gambling to cope with distress was significantly stronger among veterans. Veterans experiencing PTSD and complex PTSD (C-PTSD) were at increased risk of problem gambling. Overall, the present, findings contribute further international evidence that veterans are a population vulnerable to problem gambling. Veterans with PTSD or C-PTSD are most at-risk and may engage in problematic gambling to escape/avoid distress. Routine screening for gambling problems should be undertaken with current and former military personnel, and further research is needed on the interplay between gambling motivation and veterans’ mental health.
{"title":"Gambling problems among United Kingdom armed forces veterans: Associations with gambling motivation and posttraumatic stress disorder","authors":"Glen Dighton, K. Wood, C. Armour, M. Fossey, Lee Hogan, N. Kitchiner, Justyn Larcombe, Robert D. Rogers, S. Dymond","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2063923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2063923","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Military service, mental health, and gambling activities and motivations as predictors of problem gambling in a sample of UK AF veterans. Age-and-gender matched veterans (n = 1,037) and non-veterans (n = 1,148) completed an online survey of problem gambling, gambling motivation, mental health (depression and anxiety), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Past year problem gambling rates were higher in veterans compared to non-veterans. Veteran status predicted increased problem gambling risk. The relationship between problem gambling and gambling to cope with distress was significantly stronger among veterans. Veterans experiencing PTSD and complex PTSD (C-PTSD) were at increased risk of problem gambling. Overall, the present, findings contribute further international evidence that veterans are a population vulnerable to problem gambling. Veterans with PTSD or C-PTSD are most at-risk and may engage in problematic gambling to escape/avoid distress. Routine screening for gambling problems should be undertaken with current and former military personnel, and further research is needed on the interplay between gambling motivation and veterans’ mental health.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"35 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48535558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2108484
L. Clark, J. Billieux, David M. Ledgerwood
ABSTRACT The Pathways Model of problem gambling has become a highly influential framework in the field of gambling studies. This special issue commemorates 20 years since the publication of the original paper, highlighting the sustained impact of the Pathways Model across the broader and emergent field of behavioral addictions. As a framework, the Pathways Model set out two distinct objectives: first, to synthesize an array of risk factors and psychological processes that have been implicated in the etiology of gambling problems, and second, to characterize heterogeneity among people with gambling problems. As the articles included in this collection confirm, the three subtypes proposed by Blaszczynski & Nower continue to be an especially powerful stimulus for research.
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue “20 years of the Pathways Model: understanding disordered gambling and other behavioural addictions”","authors":"L. Clark, J. Billieux, David M. Ledgerwood","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2108484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2108484","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Pathways Model of problem gambling has become a highly influential framework in the field of gambling studies. This special issue commemorates 20 years since the publication of the original paper, highlighting the sustained impact of the Pathways Model across the broader and emergent field of behavioral addictions. As a framework, the Pathways Model set out two distinct objectives: first, to synthesize an array of risk factors and psychological processes that have been implicated in the etiology of gambling problems, and second, to characterize heterogeneity among people with gambling problems. As the articles included in this collection confirm, the three subtypes proposed by Blaszczynski & Nower continue to be an especially powerful stimulus for research.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"183 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45428735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2102203
C. Bonnaire, J. Billieux
ABSTRACT Blaszczynski and Nower conceptualized in 2002 an integrative Pathways Model leading to gambling disorder by postulating three subtypes of individuals with problem gambling characterized by common and specific characteristics (sociodemographic features, comorbidities, psychological factors). Here we propose a clinical illustration that fits each subtype. For each pathway, we (1) describe a corresponding clinical case, (2) propose a symptom-based clinical description, and (3) elaborate a process-based case formulation to explain the development and maintenance of the problematic gambling behavior. We argue that the clinical work with patients benefited from this two-level approach (symptoms vs. psychological processes) combined with a more holistic approach that takes into account intrapersonal (e.g. personality), interpersonal (e.g. family functioning), and environmental variables (e.g. life events). Crucially, our approach not only considers psychopathological dimensions (e.g. symptoms, diagnostic criteria), but it also views as central individual differences (personality traits) and cognitive and affective processes postulated to mediate relationships between biopsychosocial antecedents and psychopathological symptoms. In the current paper, we aim to demonstrate how the Pathways Model can be used as a framework to embrace a holistic perspective that promotes individualized and process-centered psychological interventions for individuals with gambling problems.
{"title":"A process-based analysis of the pathways model of problem gambling through clinical case formulations","authors":"C. Bonnaire, J. Billieux","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2102203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2102203","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Blaszczynski and Nower conceptualized in 2002 an integrative Pathways Model leading to gambling disorder by postulating three subtypes of individuals with problem gambling characterized by common and specific characteristics (sociodemographic features, comorbidities, psychological factors). Here we propose a clinical illustration that fits each subtype. For each pathway, we (1) describe a corresponding clinical case, (2) propose a symptom-based clinical description, and (3) elaborate a process-based case formulation to explain the development and maintenance of the problematic gambling behavior. We argue that the clinical work with patients benefited from this two-level approach (symptoms vs. psychological processes) combined with a more holistic approach that takes into account intrapersonal (e.g. personality), interpersonal (e.g. family functioning), and environmental variables (e.g. life events). Crucially, our approach not only considers psychopathological dimensions (e.g. symptoms, diagnostic criteria), but it also views as central individual differences (personality traits) and cognitive and affective processes postulated to mediate relationships between biopsychosocial antecedents and psychopathological symptoms. In the current paper, we aim to demonstrate how the Pathways Model can be used as a framework to embrace a holistic perspective that promotes individualized and process-centered psychological interventions for individuals with gambling problems.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"222 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44945131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2088822
Mario A. Ferrari, Eve H. Limbrick-Oldfield, L. Clark
ABSTRACT Habit formation is a key process in contemporary models of addictive behaviors but has received limited attention in the context of gambling and problem gambling. Methods for examining habit formation and expression in relation to gambling are also lacking. In this study, 60 participants with no prior slot machine experience attended three sessions spaced 6–8 days apart, during which they played a short 200-spin session on a realistic simulation of a modern multi-line slot machine. Behavioral data were analyzed to characterize habit formation within and between sessions. Fixed-effects regressions, integrating trial- and session-level effects, assessed predictors of gambling speed (spin initiation latencies) and betting rigidity (the likelihood of switching the bet amount), as two putative markers of habit formation. Participants gambled faster and showed less variability in betting strategy as they accumulated experience in the number of trials and sessions gambled. Simultaneously, as the number of sessions gambled increased, participants showed a more pronounced tendency to slow their betting after larger wins (i.e. the post-reinforcement pause increased from session 1 to session 3). Our methods provide a basis for future research to examine habits in the context of slot machine gambling.
{"title":"Behavioral analysis of habit formation in modern slot machine gambling","authors":"Mario A. Ferrari, Eve H. Limbrick-Oldfield, L. Clark","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2088822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2088822","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Habit formation is a key process in contemporary models of addictive behaviors but has received limited attention in the context of gambling and problem gambling. Methods for examining habit formation and expression in relation to gambling are also lacking. In this study, 60 participants with no prior slot machine experience attended three sessions spaced 6–8 days apart, during which they played a short 200-spin session on a realistic simulation of a modern multi-line slot machine. Behavioral data were analyzed to characterize habit formation within and between sessions. Fixed-effects regressions, integrating trial- and session-level effects, assessed predictors of gambling speed (spin initiation latencies) and betting rigidity (the likelihood of switching the bet amount), as two putative markers of habit formation. Participants gambled faster and showed less variability in betting strategy as they accumulated experience in the number of trials and sessions gambled. Simultaneously, as the number of sessions gambled increased, participants showed a more pronounced tendency to slow their betting after larger wins (i.e. the post-reinforcement pause increased from session 1 to session 3). Our methods provide a basis for future research to examine habits in the context of slot machine gambling.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"317 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59790414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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