Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2102203
C. Bonnaire, J. Billieux
ABSTRACT Blaszczynski and Nower conceptualized in 2002 an integrative Pathways Model leading to gambling disorder by postulating three subtypes of individuals with problem gambling characterized by common and specific characteristics (sociodemographic features, comorbidities, psychological factors). Here we propose a clinical illustration that fits each subtype. For each pathway, we (1) describe a corresponding clinical case, (2) propose a symptom-based clinical description, and (3) elaborate a process-based case formulation to explain the development and maintenance of the problematic gambling behavior. We argue that the clinical work with patients benefited from this two-level approach (symptoms vs. psychological processes) combined with a more holistic approach that takes into account intrapersonal (e.g. personality), interpersonal (e.g. family functioning), and environmental variables (e.g. life events). Crucially, our approach not only considers psychopathological dimensions (e.g. symptoms, diagnostic criteria), but it also views as central individual differences (personality traits) and cognitive and affective processes postulated to mediate relationships between biopsychosocial antecedents and psychopathological symptoms. In the current paper, we aim to demonstrate how the Pathways Model can be used as a framework to embrace a holistic perspective that promotes individualized and process-centered psychological interventions for individuals with gambling problems.
{"title":"A process-based analysis of the pathways model of problem gambling through clinical case formulations","authors":"C. Bonnaire, J. Billieux","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2102203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2102203","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Blaszczynski and Nower conceptualized in 2002 an integrative Pathways Model leading to gambling disorder by postulating three subtypes of individuals with problem gambling characterized by common and specific characteristics (sociodemographic features, comorbidities, psychological factors). Here we propose a clinical illustration that fits each subtype. For each pathway, we (1) describe a corresponding clinical case, (2) propose a symptom-based clinical description, and (3) elaborate a process-based case formulation to explain the development and maintenance of the problematic gambling behavior. We argue that the clinical work with patients benefited from this two-level approach (symptoms vs. psychological processes) combined with a more holistic approach that takes into account intrapersonal (e.g. personality), interpersonal (e.g. family functioning), and environmental variables (e.g. life events). Crucially, our approach not only considers psychopathological dimensions (e.g. symptoms, diagnostic criteria), but it also views as central individual differences (personality traits) and cognitive and affective processes postulated to mediate relationships between biopsychosocial antecedents and psychopathological symptoms. In the current paper, we aim to demonstrate how the Pathways Model can be used as a framework to embrace a holistic perspective that promotes individualized and process-centered psychological interventions for individuals with gambling problems.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44945131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2088822
Mario A. Ferrari, Eve H. Limbrick-Oldfield, L. Clark
ABSTRACT Habit formation is a key process in contemporary models of addictive behaviors but has received limited attention in the context of gambling and problem gambling. Methods for examining habit formation and expression in relation to gambling are also lacking. In this study, 60 participants with no prior slot machine experience attended three sessions spaced 6–8 days apart, during which they played a short 200-spin session on a realistic simulation of a modern multi-line slot machine. Behavioral data were analyzed to characterize habit formation within and between sessions. Fixed-effects regressions, integrating trial- and session-level effects, assessed predictors of gambling speed (spin initiation latencies) and betting rigidity (the likelihood of switching the bet amount), as two putative markers of habit formation. Participants gambled faster and showed less variability in betting strategy as they accumulated experience in the number of trials and sessions gambled. Simultaneously, as the number of sessions gambled increased, participants showed a more pronounced tendency to slow their betting after larger wins (i.e. the post-reinforcement pause increased from session 1 to session 3). Our methods provide a basis for future research to examine habits in the context of slot machine gambling.
{"title":"Behavioral analysis of habit formation in modern slot machine gambling","authors":"Mario A. Ferrari, Eve H. Limbrick-Oldfield, L. Clark","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2088822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2088822","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Habit formation is a key process in contemporary models of addictive behaviors but has received limited attention in the context of gambling and problem gambling. Methods for examining habit formation and expression in relation to gambling are also lacking. In this study, 60 participants with no prior slot machine experience attended three sessions spaced 6–8 days apart, during which they played a short 200-spin session on a realistic simulation of a modern multi-line slot machine. Behavioral data were analyzed to characterize habit formation within and between sessions. Fixed-effects regressions, integrating trial- and session-level effects, assessed predictors of gambling speed (spin initiation latencies) and betting rigidity (the likelihood of switching the bet amount), as two putative markers of habit formation. Participants gambled faster and showed less variability in betting strategy as they accumulated experience in the number of trials and sessions gambled. Simultaneously, as the number of sessions gambled increased, participants showed a more pronounced tendency to slow their betting after larger wins (i.e. the post-reinforcement pause increased from session 1 to session 3). Our methods provide a basis for future research to examine habits in the context of slot machine gambling.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59790414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2083654
ShayLin Excell, Ciara N. Cannoy, Danishi K. Bedi, Mannat K. Bedi, Yasir Mehmood, L. Lundahl, David M. Ledgerwood
ABSTRACT Blaszczynski and Nower established the Pathways model as an integrative theoretical framework for subtyping GD. Within this framework, they propose three etiological subtypes of problem gamblers: (a) behaviorally conditioned, (b) emotionally vulnerable, and (c) antisocial impulsivist gamblers. The current systematic review was conducted to evaluate the validity and clinical utility of the Pathways model and other subtyping models, providing an update to a previous systematic review. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. Included articles were written in English, and published in a peer-reviewed journal between 2010 and 2021. The articles used empirical methods to derive subtypes from a sample of individuals who gamble, including both qualitative and quantitative methods. In total, 38 articles were included in this review. Articles are presented as consistent with Pathways or as utilizing another subtyping schema. Evaluation of the literature reveals that use of the Pathways model appears to be influential in efforts to subtype gamblers over the last decade. Other subtyping schemas that emphasize symptom severity and comorbid psychopathology may be incorporated into the Pathways model. Gaps in the current literature and future directions are discussed.
摘要Blaszczynski和Nower建立了路径模型作为GD亚型的综合理论框架。在这个框架内，他们提出了问题赌徒的三种病因亚型：（a）行为条件型，（b）情绪脆弱型，和（c）反社会冲动型赌徒。目前的系统综述是为了评估路径模型和其他分型模型的有效性和临床实用性，为之前的系统综述提供了更新。使用PubMed、PsycINFO和Web of Science数据库进行文献检索。收录的文章是用英语撰写的，并在2010年至2021年间发表在同行评审期刊上。这些文章使用实证方法从赌博的个体样本中推导出亚型，包括定性和定量方法。本综述共收录了38篇文章。文章被呈现为与Pathways一致或使用另一种亚型模式。对文献的评估表明，在过去十年中，路径模型的使用似乎对亚型赌徒的努力产生了影响。其他强调症状严重程度和共病精神病理学的分型模式可以纳入Pathways模型。讨论了当前文献中的差距和未来的发展方向。
{"title":"Gambling disorder subtypes: an updated systematic review","authors":"ShayLin Excell, Ciara N. Cannoy, Danishi K. Bedi, Mannat K. Bedi, Yasir Mehmood, L. Lundahl, David M. Ledgerwood","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2083654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2083654","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Blaszczynski and Nower established the Pathways model as an integrative theoretical framework for subtyping GD. Within this framework, they propose three etiological subtypes of problem gamblers: (a) behaviorally conditioned, (b) emotionally vulnerable, and (c) antisocial impulsivist gamblers. The current systematic review was conducted to evaluate the validity and clinical utility of the Pathways model and other subtyping models, providing an update to a previous systematic review. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. Included articles were written in English, and published in a peer-reviewed journal between 2010 and 2021. The articles used empirical methods to derive subtypes from a sample of individuals who gamble, including both qualitative and quantitative methods. In total, 38 articles were included in this review. Articles are presented as consistent with Pathways or as utilizing another subtyping schema. Evaluation of the literature reveals that use of the Pathways model appears to be influential in efforts to subtype gamblers over the last decade. Other subtyping schemas that emphasize symptom severity and comorbid psychopathology may be incorporated into the Pathways model. Gaps in the current literature and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46475228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2077975
C. Primi, M. Donati, O. Casciani, O. De Luca, D. Capitanucci, R. Smaniotto, S. Cabrini, M. Avanzi, A. Fiorin, G. Bellio, L. Giachero, A. Baselice, A. Iozzi, G. Iraci Sareri, L. Nower
ABSTRACT Over the last decade, gambling opportunities worldwide have increased significantly, providing continual access to more people. Thus, standardized measures to assess various facets of Gambling Disorder and holistic approaches to identifying sub-groups of disordered gamblers are needed. The Gambling Pathways Questionnaire (GPQ), based on the Pathways Model of problem gambling, is designed to assign gamblers to subtypes at intake and identify a variety of salient etiological factors. This study sought to validate the Italian version of the GPQ. After the translation and adaptation of the scale to the Italian language and culture, the GPQ was administered to 490 treatment-seeking disordered gamblers (84% males, M age = 43.77, SD = 13.25) who attended 54 treatment centers distributed across all of Italy. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the six-factor structure and internal coherence coefficients showed good to very good reliability. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed that the three-cluster solution produced the best model fit, which generally corresponded with the Pathways Model. The Italian version of the GPQ evidenced good psychometric properties, and the Italian-adapted scoring corresponds to the cluster analysis.
{"title":"Measuring the pathways model through the gambling pathways questionnaire: the psychometric properties of the Italian version","authors":"C. Primi, M. Donati, O. Casciani, O. De Luca, D. Capitanucci, R. Smaniotto, S. Cabrini, M. Avanzi, A. Fiorin, G. Bellio, L. Giachero, A. Baselice, A. Iozzi, G. Iraci Sareri, L. Nower","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2077975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2077975","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the last decade, gambling opportunities worldwide have increased significantly, providing continual access to more people. Thus, standardized measures to assess various facets of Gambling Disorder and holistic approaches to identifying sub-groups of disordered gamblers are needed. The Gambling Pathways Questionnaire (GPQ), based on the Pathways Model of problem gambling, is designed to assign gamblers to subtypes at intake and identify a variety of salient etiological factors. This study sought to validate the Italian version of the GPQ. After the translation and adaptation of the scale to the Italian language and culture, the GPQ was administered to 490 treatment-seeking disordered gamblers (84% males, M age = 43.77, SD = 13.25) who attended 54 treatment centers distributed across all of Italy. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the six-factor structure and internal coherence coefficients showed good to very good reliability. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed that the three-cluster solution produced the best model fit, which generally corresponded with the Pathways Model. The Italian version of the GPQ evidenced good psychometric properties, and the Italian-adapted scoring corresponds to the cluster analysis.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42006991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2055110
Loredana A. Marchica, J. Richard, L. Nower, William Ivoska, J. Derevensky
ABSTRACT Problem video gaming (PVG) is of significant concern among youth and contributes to increases in mental health issues among adolescents. Prevalence rates for PVG are estimated at 1-3% among non-clinical samples. Like problem gambling, it has been hypothesized that individuals reporting PVG are part of a heterogeneous group with different profiles, dependent on specific psychosocial factors. Identifying these profiles allows clinicians to create targeted interventions. The following preliminary study aimed to identify the emotional and behavioral characteristics that distinguish between subgroups of adolescents reporting PVG and how these subgroups compare to those proposed by the Pathways Model. The study included a cross-sectional sample of 288 adolescents reporting PVG from a Midwestern state. Measures included the Ohio Problem Severity Scales, the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-SF, and frequency of video gaming. A latent class analysis identified four classes which aligned with the subgroups proposed by the Pathways Model (i.e. behavioral conditioned, emotionally vulnerable, and antisocial/impulsivist), and two additional classes which could be considered as milder variants of the emotionally vulnerable and antisocial/impulsivist groups. These results suggest that adolescents reporting PVG form a heterogeneous group, with each profile requiring different considerations in developing targeted interventions. Implications for prevention and future research are discussed.
{"title":"Problem video gaming in adolescents: An examination of the Pathways Model","authors":"Loredana A. Marchica, J. Richard, L. Nower, William Ivoska, J. Derevensky","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2055110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2055110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Problem video gaming (PVG) is of significant concern among youth and contributes to increases in mental health issues among adolescents. Prevalence rates for PVG are estimated at 1-3% among non-clinical samples. Like problem gambling, it has been hypothesized that individuals reporting PVG are part of a heterogeneous group with different profiles, dependent on specific psychosocial factors. Identifying these profiles allows clinicians to create targeted interventions. The following preliminary study aimed to identify the emotional and behavioral characteristics that distinguish between subgroups of adolescents reporting PVG and how these subgroups compare to those proposed by the Pathways Model. The study included a cross-sectional sample of 288 adolescents reporting PVG from a Midwestern state. Measures included the Ohio Problem Severity Scales, the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-SF, and frequency of video gaming. A latent class analysis identified four classes which aligned with the subgroups proposed by the Pathways Model (i.e. behavioral conditioned, emotionally vulnerable, and antisocial/impulsivist), and two additional classes which could be considered as milder variants of the emotionally vulnerable and antisocial/impulsivist groups. These results suggest that adolescents reporting PVG form a heterogeneous group, with each profile requiring different considerations in developing targeted interventions. Implications for prevention and future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41429293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2044502
Jamey J. Lister, Miyoung Yoon, L. Nower, J. Ellis, David M. Ledgerwood
ABSTRACT This study applied constructs from a widely-utilized subtyping model in the field of gambling studies, the Pathways Model, to a sample of 118 patients with opioid use disorder receiving methadone-maintenance-treatment. Surveys were analyzed using latent class analysis (LCA) to examine whether the Pathways Model indicators distinguished class membership, with confidence band interpretation used to compare class scores, and multinomial logistic regression conducted to examine associations with other correlates. LCA fit indices supported a three-class solution: (1) ‘opioid-related only’ (55.9%), (2) ‘personal trauma/emotionally vulnerable’ (15.3%), and (3) ‘impulsive/current psychopathology’ (28.8%). Class 1 was characterized by lower scores on nearly all indicators. Class 2 was characterized by the highest scores for personal experiences with sexual, physical, and emotional abuse during childhood and interpersonal trauma, and high impulsivity scores. Class 3 was characterized by the highest scores on stress, depression, loneliness, and impulsivity. Classes 2 and 3 both had higher scores for witnessing community violence, opioid-related coping motives, and impulsivity than Class 1. Gender, age, opioid-related consequences, and social network substance misuse were associated with membership. Our findings generally demonstrate trans-diagnostic overlap with the Pathways Model, offering support for the model’s translation to other addictions.
{"title":"Subtypes of patients with opioid use disorder in methadone maintenance treatment: A pathways model analysis","authors":"Jamey J. Lister, Miyoung Yoon, L. Nower, J. Ellis, David M. Ledgerwood","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2044502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2044502","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study applied constructs from a widely-utilized subtyping model in the field of gambling studies, the Pathways Model, to a sample of 118 patients with opioid use disorder receiving methadone-maintenance-treatment. Surveys were analyzed using latent class analysis (LCA) to examine whether the Pathways Model indicators distinguished class membership, with confidence band interpretation used to compare class scores, and multinomial logistic regression conducted to examine associations with other correlates. LCA fit indices supported a three-class solution: (1) ‘opioid-related only’ (55.9%), (2) ‘personal trauma/emotionally vulnerable’ (15.3%), and (3) ‘impulsive/current psychopathology’ (28.8%). Class 1 was characterized by lower scores on nearly all indicators. Class 2 was characterized by the highest scores for personal experiences with sexual, physical, and emotional abuse during childhood and interpersonal trauma, and high impulsivity scores. Class 3 was characterized by the highest scores on stress, depression, loneliness, and impulsivity. Classes 2 and 3 both had higher scores for witnessing community violence, opioid-related coping motives, and impulsivity than Class 1. Gender, age, opioid-related consequences, and social network substance misuse were associated with membership. Our findings generally demonstrate trans-diagnostic overlap with the Pathways Model, offering support for the model’s translation to other addictions.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44572300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2041702
J. Williams, R. Williams, Nolan B. Gooding, Jessy Mix
ABSTRACT The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the prevalence, demographic profile, and correlates of financial speculation in Canada, with a focus on its relationship to gambling. In cooperation with Statistics Canada, a brief assessment of financial speculation was developed and included in the 2018 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) and administered to 23,952 adults. The past year national prevalence of financial speculation was found to be 3.6%, with the province of Alberta having the only higher inter-provincial rate. Speculators were predominantly male, White, with a modal age of 30–49, and with higher educational attainment and household income. In terms of health indicators, they were more likely to be regular alcohol drinkers and occasional smokers, but to have better self-reported general health, mental health, and life satisfaction. However, the strongest multivariate predictor of speculation was higher frequency of gambling involvement. Speculators had higher levels of participation in all types of gambling (especially skill-based formats) with the exception of instant lotteries. This high level of involvement contributes to somewhat higher rates of problem gambling symptomatology. The present investigation confirms that speculation not only has a strong conceptual relationship to gambling but also a strong empirical relationship.
{"title":"Financial speculation in Canada: prevalence, correlates and relationship to gambling","authors":"J. Williams, R. Williams, Nolan B. Gooding, Jessy Mix","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2041702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2041702","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the prevalence, demographic profile, and correlates of financial speculation in Canada, with a focus on its relationship to gambling. In cooperation with Statistics Canada, a brief assessment of financial speculation was developed and included in the 2018 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) and administered to 23,952 adults. The past year national prevalence of financial speculation was found to be 3.6%, with the province of Alberta having the only higher inter-provincial rate. Speculators were predominantly male, White, with a modal age of 30–49, and with higher educational attainment and household income. In terms of health indicators, they were more likely to be regular alcohol drinkers and occasional smokers, but to have better self-reported general health, mental health, and life satisfaction. However, the strongest multivariate predictor of speculation was higher frequency of gambling involvement. Speculators had higher levels of participation in all types of gambling (especially skill-based formats) with the exception of instant lotteries. This high level of involvement contributes to somewhat higher rates of problem gambling symptomatology. The present investigation confirms that speculation not only has a strong conceptual relationship to gambling but also a strong empirical relationship.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41787883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.2009003
M. Griffiths, M. Auer
ABSTRACT A recent review by Delfabbro and King (2021) published in International Gambling Studies examined the efficacy of voluntary versus mandatory limit-setting in gambling. The review examined 25 empirical studies (18 on voluntary limit-setting and seven on mandatory limit-setting). In this short commentary, we outline a few other thoughts and observations as a supplement to their review. Of the 25 studies reviewed, only ten were published in peer-reviewed journals and given the high reliance on studies in the grey literature, there were other studies that could have been included. There were also other studies not meeting Delfabbro and King’s inclusion criterion that could have provided some further useful data.
{"title":"Limit-setting in gambling: Some further thoughts and observations on Delfabbro and King (2021)","authors":"M. Griffiths, M. Auer","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2021.2009003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2021.2009003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A recent review by Delfabbro and King (2021) published in International Gambling Studies examined the efficacy of voluntary versus mandatory limit-setting in gambling. The review examined 25 empirical studies (18 on voluntary limit-setting and seven on mandatory limit-setting). In this short commentary, we outline a few other thoughts and observations as a supplement to their review. Of the 25 studies reviewed, only ten were published in peer-reviewed journals and given the high reliance on studies in the grey literature, there were other studies that could have been included. There were also other studies not meeting Delfabbro and King’s inclusion criterion that could have provided some further useful data.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42925939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2046843
D. Hunt
ABSTRACT Increased implementation of loot boxes within computer games has received widespread concern for the wellbeing of gamers, especially given the increased engagement during COVID-19 restrictions. Loot boxes share similarities with traditional gambling mechanisms that influence addiction-like behaviors and the amount of money spent on in-game items. The present study investigated loot box expenditure alongside peer engagement, perceptions of gaming value, self-worth, and problematic gambling of 130 Call of Duty players. Results identified significantly higher Risky Loot Box Index and visual authority scores for high-risk and medium-risk problem gamblers than non-problem gamblers. High-risk problem gamblers were also found to have higher purchase intention and validation seeking scores than non-problem gamblers. Problem gambling risk and all but three self-worth and perceived value subscale behaviors were not associated with loot box expenditure, contrasting previous findings. Concerning peer influence, non-problem gamblers were significantly less likely to play any Call of Duty game with friends whilst having all or most friends purchase loot boxes were also found to be associated with higher RLBI scores. The findings continue to support the associations between loot box engagement and problematic gambling and suggests the need to continue to explore individual in-game motivations for engaging with microtransactions.
{"title":"Microtransaction spending and problematic gambling of UK university call of duty gamers","authors":"D. Hunt","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2046843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2046843","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Increased implementation of loot boxes within computer games has received widespread concern for the wellbeing of gamers, especially given the increased engagement during COVID-19 restrictions. Loot boxes share similarities with traditional gambling mechanisms that influence addiction-like behaviors and the amount of money spent on in-game items. The present study investigated loot box expenditure alongside peer engagement, perceptions of gaming value, self-worth, and problematic gambling of 130 Call of Duty players. Results identified significantly higher Risky Loot Box Index and visual authority scores for high-risk and medium-risk problem gamblers than non-problem gamblers. High-risk problem gamblers were also found to have higher purchase intention and validation seeking scores than non-problem gamblers. Problem gambling risk and all but three self-worth and perceived value subscale behaviors were not associated with loot box expenditure, contrasting previous findings. Concerning peer influence, non-problem gamblers were significantly less likely to play any Call of Duty game with friends whilst having all or most friends purchase loot boxes were also found to be associated with higher RLBI scores. The findings continue to support the associations between loot box engagement and problematic gambling and suggests the need to continue to explore individual in-game motivations for engaging with microtransactions.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45358805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-13DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2035422
Mu He, J. H. Chen, A. Wu, Kwok-kit Tong
ABSTRACT From the evolutionary perspective, life history (LH) strategies have been used to account for individual differences in behaviors and traits such as impulsivity, sensation seeking, and risk-taking propensity. The present study aimed to extend the application of LH strategies based on the psychometric approach to study individual differences in endorsing protective gambling beliefs and adopting responsible gambling (RG) behaviors. We conducted a telephone survey in Macao, China, and acquired a community-dwelling Chinese adult sample (N = 697) with the two-stage cluster random sampling method. Regression analyses showed that individuals with slower LH strategies displayed higher levels of protective gambling beliefs and RG behaviors. As hypothesized, protective gambling beliefs demonstrated a positive association with RG behaviors; furthermore, we found its partial mediating effect on the relationship between LH strategies and RG behaviors. Our findings suggested that one could take LH strategies into account in understanding individual differences in adopting RG behaviors and designing tailored measures to promote RG adherence. The present study also highlighted the effect of protective gambling beliefs in exploring the underlying mechanism of the link between LH strategies and RG behaviors, pointing to a potential avenue in fostering protective gambling beliefs to further increase RG adherence.
{"title":"Fast or slow: applying life history strategies to responsible gambling adherence","authors":"Mu He, J. H. Chen, A. Wu, Kwok-kit Tong","doi":"10.1080/14459795.2022.2035422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2022.2035422","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT From the evolutionary perspective, life history (LH) strategies have been used to account for individual differences in behaviors and traits such as impulsivity, sensation seeking, and risk-taking propensity. The present study aimed to extend the application of LH strategies based on the psychometric approach to study individual differences in endorsing protective gambling beliefs and adopting responsible gambling (RG) behaviors. We conducted a telephone survey in Macao, China, and acquired a community-dwelling Chinese adult sample (N = 697) with the two-stage cluster random sampling method. Regression analyses showed that individuals with slower LH strategies displayed higher levels of protective gambling beliefs and RG behaviors. As hypothesized, protective gambling beliefs demonstrated a positive association with RG behaviors; furthermore, we found its partial mediating effect on the relationship between LH strategies and RG behaviors. Our findings suggested that one could take LH strategies into account in understanding individual differences in adopting RG behaviors and designing tailored measures to promote RG adherence. The present study also highlighted the effect of protective gambling beliefs in exploring the underlying mechanism of the link between LH strategies and RG behaviors, pointing to a potential avenue in fostering protective gambling beliefs to further increase RG adherence.","PeriodicalId":47301,"journal":{"name":"International Gambling Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46673460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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