This article explores how sex and violence were part of the everyday making of the soldier in the Peruvian armed forces during the internal armed conflict between 1980 and 2000. In-depth interviews with Peruvian veterans indicate the importance of sex and violence in soldiers’ experience of becoming a combatant. The article analyzes the ambiguity in soldiers’ narratives about sex and violence, coercion, and consent, and how they are implicated in both receiving and enacting sexualized violence. In particular, authors discuss veterans’ accounts of collective experiences of sexualized hazing, abuse of women and girls, porn and prostitution, and references to gang rape. Soldiers, while in the army, experience intimacy through performative practices of sex and violence—which profoundly affect their interactions with one another—and the violence they perpetrate against enemy populations. These military intimacies, encouraged through institutional as well as cultural practices, help explain the prevalence of widespread sexual violence during the conflict.
{"title":"Military Intimacies: Peruvian Veterans and Narratives about Sex and Violence","authors":"J. Boesten, Lurgio Gavilán","doi":"10.1017/lar.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores how sex and violence were part of the everyday making of the soldier in the Peruvian armed forces during the internal armed conflict between 1980 and 2000. In-depth interviews with Peruvian veterans indicate the importance of sex and violence in soldiers’ experience of becoming a combatant. The article analyzes the ambiguity in soldiers’ narratives about sex and violence, coercion, and consent, and how they are implicated in both receiving and enacting sexualized violence. In particular, authors discuss veterans’ accounts of collective experiences of sexualized hazing, abuse of women and girls, porn and prostitution, and references to gang rape. Soldiers, while in the army, experience intimacy through performative practices of sex and violence—which profoundly affect their interactions with one another—and the violence they perpetrate against enemy populations. These military intimacies, encouraged through institutional as well as cultural practices, help explain the prevalence of widespread sexual violence during the conflict.","PeriodicalId":47316,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Research Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46530766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article analyzes several patterns of antisemitism in twentieth-century Latin America. It identifies historical moments when carriers of social and political ideas projected negative images of Jews, sometimes pushing anti-Jewish policies and at times leading violent actions against Jews. Thus, antisemitism served to mobilize in defense of national identity; as a reaction to Jewish peddlers perceived as a threat to national economies; as a basis for the generalized rejection of “undesirable refugees” during World War II and the Holocaust; and as a Cold War phenomenon, along with anticommunism and neo-Nazism. Like other forms of xenophobia, antisemitism was grounded in prejudice and the demonization of a supposed enemy rather than being based on verified evidence. Analysis suggests that antisemitism has been deeply rooted in Latin America and has manifested over time with changing historical and social constellations. At the same time, while Judeophobic prejudices and actions have been intimidating and have at times precluded the legal immigration of Jews, antisemitism has rarely become dominant or led to systemic social discrimination, massive expulsion, or mass genocide, unlike in Europe.
{"title":"Shifting Patterns of Antisemitism in Latin America: Xenophobia, Exclusion, and Inclusion","authors":"L. Roniger, L. Senkman","doi":"10.1017/lar.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyzes several patterns of antisemitism in twentieth-century Latin America. It identifies historical moments when carriers of social and political ideas projected negative images of Jews, sometimes pushing anti-Jewish policies and at times leading violent actions against Jews. Thus, antisemitism served to mobilize in defense of national identity; as a reaction to Jewish peddlers perceived as a threat to national economies; as a basis for the generalized rejection of “undesirable refugees” during World War II and the Holocaust; and as a Cold War phenomenon, along with anticommunism and neo-Nazism. Like other forms of xenophobia, antisemitism was grounded in prejudice and the demonization of a supposed enemy rather than being based on verified evidence. Analysis suggests that antisemitism has been deeply rooted in Latin America and has manifested over time with changing historical and social constellations. At the same time, while Judeophobic prejudices and actions have been intimidating and have at times precluded the legal immigration of Jews, antisemitism has rarely become dominant or led to systemic social discrimination, massive expulsion, or mass genocide, unlike in Europe.","PeriodicalId":47316,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Research Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48049419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Criminal violence in Latin American cities is increasing. Meanwhile, with urbanization, greater numbers of people are moving to cities and into the crossfire. What self-protection strategies do residents adopt to keep safe in violent cities? Drawing on qualitative data from Medellín, Colombia, and Monterrey, Mexico, we document the strategies residents use to stay safe. We synthesize insights from studies of civil war, criminal governance, and urban violence to construct an analytical framework to systematically catalog and name these strategies. We posit that the type of violence residents face—indiscriminate or targeted—influences the strategies they pursue. Responding to either the indiscriminate or targeted form, residents employ survival strategies to avoid, withstand, or confront violence. Our research underscores the centrality of agency for residents’ “staying power” amid urban violence.
{"title":"Staying Power: Strategies for Weathering Criminal Violence in Marginal Neighborhoods of Medellín and Monterrey","authors":"Rebecca V. Bell-Martin, J. Marston","doi":"10.1017/lar.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Criminal violence in Latin American cities is increasing. Meanwhile, with urbanization, greater numbers of people are moving to cities and into the crossfire. What self-protection strategies do residents adopt to keep safe in violent cities? Drawing on qualitative data from Medellín, Colombia, and Monterrey, Mexico, we document the strategies residents use to stay safe. We synthesize insights from studies of civil war, criminal governance, and urban violence to construct an analytical framework to systematically catalog and name these strategies. We posit that the type of violence residents face—indiscriminate or targeted—influences the strategies they pursue. Responding to either the indiscriminate or targeted form, residents employ survival strategies to avoid, withstand, or confront violence. Our research underscores the centrality of agency for residents’ “staying power” amid urban violence.","PeriodicalId":47316,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Research Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44601053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Los cubanos de la isla han construido un futuro nunca alcanzado y los cubanos del exilio se encuentran ante la posibilidad de regresar a una ciudad muy diferente a la que ha perdurado en su memoria. —Iván de la Nuez, La balsa perpetua: Soledad y conexiones de la cultura cubana —Barcelona, 1998 This essay reviews the following works: Cuban Cultural Heritage: A Rebel Past for a Revolutionary Nation. By Pablo Alonso González. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2017. Pp. xiv + 352. $84.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780813056630. Culture and the Cuban State: Participation, Recognition, and Dissonance under Communism. By Yvon Grenier. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017. Pp. 320. $110.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781498522236. Dictator’s Dreamscape: How Architecture and Vision Built Machado’s Cuba and Invented Modern Havana. By Joseph R. Hartman. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019. Pp. ix + 316. $60.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780822945468. La nación insurrecta. By Oscar Antonio Loyola Vega. Fabio E. Fernández Batista and David Domínguez Cabrera, eds. Havana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2018. Pp. xxvii + 311. paper. ISBN: 978-959-06-2046-1. Suspect Freedoms: The Racial and Sexual Politics of Cubanidad in New York, 1823-1957. By Nancy Raquel Mirabal. New York: New York University Press, 2017. Pp. xiv + 320. $30.00 paper. ISBN: 9780814761120. Sugar, Cigars, and Revolution: The Making of Cuban New York. By Lisandro Pérez. New York: New York University Press, 2018. Pp. 400. $24.00 paper. ISBN: 9780814767276. Cuba: A Cultural History. By Alan West-Durán. London: Reaktion Books, 2018. Pp. 288. $29.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9781780238395.
{"title":"Between an Unreachable Future and an Irretrievable Past","authors":"L. Pérez","doi":"10.1017/lar.2023.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2023.20","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Los cubanos de la isla han construido un futuro nunca alcanzado y los cubanos del exilio se encuentran ante la posibilidad de regresar a una ciudad muy diferente a la que ha perdurado en su memoria.\u0000 —Iván de la Nuez, La balsa perpetua: Soledad y conexiones de la cultura cubana —Barcelona, 1998\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This essay reviews the following works:\u0000 Cuban Cultural Heritage: A Rebel Past for a Revolutionary Nation. By Pablo Alonso González. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2017. Pp. xiv + 352. $84.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780813056630.\u0000 Culture and the Cuban State: Participation, Recognition, and Dissonance under Communism. By Yvon Grenier. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017. Pp. 320. $110.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781498522236.\u0000 Dictator’s Dreamscape: How Architecture and Vision Built Machado’s Cuba and Invented Modern Havana. By Joseph R. Hartman. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019. Pp. ix + 316. $60.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780822945468.\u0000 La nación insurrecta. By Oscar Antonio Loyola Vega. Fabio E. Fernández Batista and David Domínguez Cabrera, eds. Havana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2018. Pp. xxvii + 311. paper. ISBN: 978-959-06-2046-1.\u0000 Suspect Freedoms: The Racial and Sexual Politics of Cubanidad in New York, 1823-1957. By Nancy Raquel Mirabal. New York: New York University Press, 2017. Pp. xiv + 320. $30.00 paper. ISBN: 9780814761120.\u0000 Sugar, Cigars, and Revolution: The Making of Cuban New York. By Lisandro Pérez. New York: New York University Press, 2018. Pp. 400. $24.00 paper. ISBN: 9780814767276.\u0000 Cuba: A Cultural History. By Alan West-Durán. London: Reaktion Books, 2018. Pp. 288. $29.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9781780238395.","PeriodicalId":47316,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Research Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42489074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The impact of employment protection legislation has been thoroughly analyzed in varied contexts. Most studies highlight the potential harm of the legislation on labor outcomes, although evidence remains inconclusive. However, the literature has focused primarily on ex post impacts, analyzing the regulation’s effect after implementation. This article departs from that analysis to focus on anticipated or ex ante effects of labor regulation. More specifically, we study the role of firms’ expectations in future stricter labor legislation related to employment and income in Peru’s formal and informal labor market. To account for expectations, we used the number of news items related to the approval of a proposed law—the General Labor Law—to increase labor rigidities in Lima’s most important business newspaper. Using the Peruvian labor survey, we find a negative but decreasing relationship between firms’ expectations of a future stricter labor market and employment and average income. We also collect evidence that bigger news items and ones closer to the front page have a negative relationship with formal employment and income.
{"title":"Fear of Labor Rigidities: The Role of Expectations on Employment Growth in Peru","authors":"Gustavo Yamada, Pablo Lavado, Gonzalo Rivera","doi":"10.1017/lar.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The impact of employment protection legislation has been thoroughly analyzed in varied contexts. Most studies highlight the potential harm of the legislation on labor outcomes, although evidence remains inconclusive. However, the literature has focused primarily on ex post impacts, analyzing the regulation’s effect after implementation. This article departs from that analysis to focus on anticipated or ex ante effects of labor regulation. More specifically, we study the role of firms’ expectations in future stricter labor legislation related to employment and income in Peru’s formal and informal labor market. To account for expectations, we used the number of news items related to the approval of a proposed law—the General Labor Law—to increase labor rigidities in Lima’s most important business newspaper. Using the Peruvian labor survey, we find a negative but decreasing relationship between firms’ expectations of a future stricter labor market and employment and average income. We also collect evidence that bigger news items and ones closer to the front page have a negative relationship with formal employment and income.","PeriodicalId":47316,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Research Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135223538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cesar B. Martinez-Alvarez, J. M. Rodríguez-Valadez
Abstract Do large-scale and unexpected events, such as natural disasters, affect elections? This article studies the political dimension of the 19-S earthquake that hit Mexico City in 2017, a few months before the 2018 elections. Using fine-grained geospatial data, the results show that candidates from the city-level incumbent Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD) had a small increase in vote share in 2018 compared to the previous election in precincts more exposed to damaged caused by the earthquake (in terms of both distance-based and per capita measures), accounting for the seismic profile and socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood. The article shows that the implementation of disaster-recovery policy explains part of this relationship. Moreover, voters were as electorally responsive to a future risk reduction strategy as to a reconstruction credit.
{"title":"Natural Hazards, Social Policy, and Electoral Performance: Evidence from the 2017 Earthquake in Mexico City","authors":"Cesar B. Martinez-Alvarez, J. M. Rodríguez-Valadez","doi":"10.1017/lar.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Do large-scale and unexpected events, such as natural disasters, affect elections? This article studies the political dimension of the 19-S earthquake that hit Mexico City in 2017, a few months before the 2018 elections. Using fine-grained geospatial data, the results show that candidates from the city-level incumbent Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD) had a small increase in vote share in 2018 compared to the previous election in precincts more exposed to damaged caused by the earthquake (in terms of both distance-based and per capita measures), accounting for the seismic profile and socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood. The article shows that the implementation of disaster-recovery policy explains part of this relationship. Moreover, voters were as electorally responsive to a future risk reduction strategy as to a reconstruction credit.","PeriodicalId":47316,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Research Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46410789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila Adam, Daiane Garcia Domingues, Débora Gomes de Gomes, Tarcísio Pedro da Silva
This study identifies evidence of the influence of diversification and leverage on the financial performance of Brazilian and Mexican family businesses. It analyzes 102 Brazilian and 71 Mexican publicly traded family companies. Data analysis uses ordinary least squares regression in Stata. The results indicate that Brazilian family businesses have a higher return on assets when diversifying their products or services. When diversifying international markets, Brazilian companies present a lower return on assets and return on equity. For Mexican companies, international diversification derives a higher return on assets and return on equity. In addition, results show that leverage moderates the relationship between diversification and performance both for Brazilian and Mexican family businesses. The study contributes to the current literature by investigating that diversification improves business performance and that leverage is a significant element in intensifying the benefits of this strategy in the performance of family businesses. The study also emphasizes that diversification can be useful to address market difficulties and imperfections in unstable scenarios, such as when it is targeted to planned performance and considers financial conservatism in family companies.
{"title":"Evidence of Diversification and Leverage in the Performance of Brazilian and Mexican Family Businesses","authors":"Camila Adam, Daiane Garcia Domingues, Débora Gomes de Gomes, Tarcísio Pedro da Silva","doi":"10.1017/lar.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study identifies evidence of the influence of diversification and leverage on the financial performance of Brazilian and Mexican family businesses. It analyzes 102 Brazilian and 71 Mexican publicly traded family companies. Data analysis uses ordinary least squares regression in Stata. The results indicate that Brazilian family businesses have a higher return on assets when diversifying their products or services. When diversifying international markets, Brazilian companies present a lower return on assets and return on equity. For Mexican companies, international diversification derives a higher return on assets and return on equity. In addition, results show that leverage moderates the relationship between diversification and performance both for Brazilian and Mexican family businesses. The study contributes to the current literature by investigating that diversification improves business performance and that leverage is a significant element in intensifying the benefits of this strategy in the performance of family businesses. The study also emphasizes that diversification can be useful to address market difficulties and imperfections in unstable scenarios, such as when it is targeted to planned performance and considers financial conservatism in family companies.","PeriodicalId":47316,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Research Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Exorcismos de esti(l)o is one of Guillermo Cabrera Infante’s least studied books. It is nevertheless of essential importance for understanding the entirety of his poetics. It is a book that condenses the pain of the ostracism and the betrayal inflicted by the revolutionary regime that Cabrera had so strongly supported. The purpose of this article is to highlight the implicit elements of the text that support this hypothesis. It considers the strategies used by the author throughout Exorcismos de esti(l)o to practice the language with which he obsessively tries to draw, in his novelas del yo, a portrait of a lost and unrecoverable Havana, the hopeful Havana preceding the Cuban Revolution. It is an impossible yet obstinate mission. This is why the texts that articulate the impossibility of representation and the anguish that this mission generates deserve special attention.
摘要《驱魔》是吉尔莫·卡布雷拉·因凡特被研究最少的著作之一。然而，这对于理解他的整个诗学是至关重要的。这本书浓缩了卡布雷拉所强烈支持的革命政权所造成的排斥和背叛的痛苦。本文的目的是强调文本中支持这一假设的隐含元素。它考虑了作者在《驱魔记》(Exorcismos de esti)中使用的策略，以练习他在他的中篇小说中痴迷地试图描绘一个失落和无法恢复的哈瓦那的肖像，古巴革命前充满希望的哈瓦那。这是一项不可能完成的艰巨任务。这就是为什么那些阐明不可能代表权和这一使命产生的痛苦的文本值得特别注意的原因。
{"title":"The Silent Voice of Guillermo Cabrera Infante in Exorcismos de esti(l)o","authors":"Lidia Morales Benito","doi":"10.1017/lar.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Exorcismos de esti(l)o is one of Guillermo Cabrera Infante’s least studied books. It is nevertheless of essential importance for understanding the entirety of his poetics. It is a book that condenses the pain of the ostracism and the betrayal inflicted by the revolutionary regime that Cabrera had so strongly supported. The purpose of this article is to highlight the implicit elements of the text that support this hypothesis. It considers the strategies used by the author throughout Exorcismos de esti(l)o to practice the language with which he obsessively tries to draw, in his novelas del yo, a portrait of a lost and unrecoverable Havana, the hopeful Havana preceding the Cuban Revolution. It is an impossible yet obstinate mission. This is why the texts that articulate the impossibility of representation and the anguish that this mission generates deserve special attention.","PeriodicalId":47316,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Research Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46230444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Affect-based studies consider that peoples’ lives and behaviors cannot be entirely grasped and understood by rational choice models. The main goal of this article is to understand how factors like sexuality and migration affect the relations between people and spaces. Following Spinoza’s Ethics and subsequent interpretations, the article considers that bodies are influenced by previous interactions and act accordingly, and that space is a relational mode of substance perceived through attributes and modes affecting individuals and articulating the relationship of space, sexuality, and migration. This research studies same-sex-attracted men who moved to Tijuana, Mexico. Results show that affects (expressed through actions and passions) inform people’s relations to space based on their valorization of life events and expectations; that the meanings of space are personally constructed, relational, volatile, and invisible to others; and that most interviewees didn’t feel comfortable avowing to the gay identity but identified themselves as such, since, to some extent, gayness can escape from the moral stigma of male-male interaction in Latin America.
{"title":"Invisible Geographies: A Study of Migration and Male Homoeroticism in Tijuana through Spinozist Affects","authors":"Rodrigo Perez Toledo","doi":"10.1017/lar.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Affect-based studies consider that peoples’ lives and behaviors cannot be entirely grasped and understood by rational choice models. The main goal of this article is to understand how factors like sexuality and migration affect the relations between people and spaces. Following Spinoza’s Ethics and subsequent interpretations, the article considers that bodies are influenced by previous interactions and act accordingly, and that space is a relational mode of substance perceived through attributes and modes affecting individuals and articulating the relationship of space, sexuality, and migration. This research studies same-sex-attracted men who moved to Tijuana, Mexico. Results show that affects (expressed through actions and passions) inform people’s relations to space based on their valorization of life events and expectations; that the meanings of space are personally constructed, relational, volatile, and invisible to others; and that most interviewees didn’t feel comfortable avowing to the gay identity but identified themselves as such, since, to some extent, gayness can escape from the moral stigma of male-male interaction in Latin America.","PeriodicalId":47316,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Research Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45640886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resumen El clientelismo en Paraguay es generalizado y socialmente aceptado tanto por los políticos como por la ciudadanía, pero relativamente poco estudiado por la literatura comparada. Este artículo ofrece una descripción cualitativa de los principales actores y lógicas del funcionamiento en los vínculos clientelares entre políticos y la ciudadanía en Paraguay, enfocándose tanto en las relaciones de largo plazo como en las prácticas durante los períodos electorales. El artículo argumenta que el clientelismo en Paraguay está anclado en las estructuras partidarias territoriales, la identificación ciudadana con los principales partidos políticos y en las redes de brokers con vínculos con los vecinos. Durante los períodos electorales los intercambios particularistas se intensifican y culminan con la compra de participación electoral durante el día de las elecciones. El artículo muestra que la parte relacional y electoral del clientelismo en el caso paraguayo son inseparables, condicionando la primera a la segunda. La compra de participación electoral es una práctica que se deriva de relaciones cultivadas a lo largo del tiempo. La investigación está basada en entrevistas a profundidad y trabajo de campo en cuatro ciudades de la zona metropolitana de Asunción.
{"title":"El clientelismo en Paraguay: ¿Compra de votos o compra de participación electoral?","authors":"Tomáš Došek","doi":"10.1017/lar.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El clientelismo en Paraguay es generalizado y socialmente aceptado tanto por los políticos como por la ciudadanía, pero relativamente poco estudiado por la literatura comparada. Este artículo ofrece una descripción cualitativa de los principales actores y lógicas del funcionamiento en los vínculos clientelares entre políticos y la ciudadanía en Paraguay, enfocándose tanto en las relaciones de largo plazo como en las prácticas durante los períodos electorales. El artículo argumenta que el clientelismo en Paraguay está anclado en las estructuras partidarias territoriales, la identificación ciudadana con los principales partidos políticos y en las redes de brokers con vínculos con los vecinos. Durante los períodos electorales los intercambios particularistas se intensifican y culminan con la compra de participación electoral durante el día de las elecciones. El artículo muestra que la parte relacional y electoral del clientelismo en el caso paraguayo son inseparables, condicionando la primera a la segunda. La compra de participación electoral es una práctica que se deriva de relaciones cultivadas a lo largo del tiempo. La investigación está basada en entrevistas a profundidad y trabajo de campo en cuatro ciudades de la zona metropolitana de Asunción.","PeriodicalId":47316,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Research Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42920810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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