Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1177/08912424231204348
Randall Jackson
{"title":"A Review of “Empirical Regional Economics: Economic Base Theory, Models and Applications”","authors":"Randall Jackson","doi":"10.1177/08912424231204348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424231204348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135696082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1177/08912424231203661
Nicholas Finio, Li Fang, Caila Prendergast, Gerrit-Jan Knaap
Decades into the digital era, publicly available data on Black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) owned businesses are still remarkably lacking. In this commentary piece, the authors cover recent literature on the importance of BIPOC-owned businesses for equitable growth and BIPOC wealth-building. The authors then examine the sources of data that are available – public and private – for tracking the success or failure of such businesses. A BIPOC business database was constructed from a variety of sources and used by the authors to examine the potential pitfalls of such exercises. The authors close with a call for better data collection on BIPOC businesses.
{"title":"Data on Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC)-Owned Businesses: What's Out There and What Can Be Done?","authors":"Nicholas Finio, Li Fang, Caila Prendergast, Gerrit-Jan Knaap","doi":"10.1177/08912424231203661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424231203661","url":null,"abstract":"Decades into the digital era, publicly available data on Black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) owned businesses are still remarkably lacking. In this commentary piece, the authors cover recent literature on the importance of BIPOC-owned businesses for equitable growth and BIPOC wealth-building. The authors then examine the sources of data that are available – public and private – for tracking the success or failure of such businesses. A BIPOC business database was constructed from a variety of sources and used by the authors to examine the potential pitfalls of such exercises. The authors close with a call for better data collection on BIPOC businesses.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.1177/08912424231196792
Amber Gallup
Apprenticeship is a time-tested learning model and workforce development strategy. In the United States, registered apprenticeship (RA)—a structured form of apprenticeship that is regulated and overseen by government agencies—has been expanding from skilled trades into new industries. To inform this expansion and contribute to the understanding of how the model serves apprentices and employers, the author undertook a systematic literature review and a qualitative synthesis of empirical research, interpreting findings on RA over a 30-year period. The review identified 36 scholarly studies and an additional 98 articles from the practitioner literature. The synthesis derived three themes: expansion, benefits, and outcomes for minoritized groups, revealing gaps in research on the curricular and instructional design elements of RA that promote retention, completion, career advancement, and learning for apprentices.
{"title":"What We Know About Registered Apprenticeship: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of 30 Years of Empirical Research","authors":"Amber Gallup","doi":"10.1177/08912424231196792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424231196792","url":null,"abstract":"Apprenticeship is a time-tested learning model and workforce development strategy. In the United States, registered apprenticeship (RA)—a structured form of apprenticeship that is regulated and overseen by government agencies—has been expanding from skilled trades into new industries. To inform this expansion and contribute to the understanding of how the model serves apprentices and employers, the author undertook a systematic literature review and a qualitative synthesis of empirical research, interpreting findings on RA over a 30-year period. The review identified 36 scholarly studies and an additional 98 articles from the practitioner literature. The synthesis derived three themes: expansion, benefits, and outcomes for minoritized groups, revealing gaps in research on the curricular and instructional design elements of RA that promote retention, completion, career advancement, and learning for apprentices.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49472162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1177/08912424231189654
Matthew Hall, H. Wial, Devon Yee
The authors introduce a new measure of concentrated disadvantage that captures the spatial clustering of poverty. Using U.S. Census Bureau data from 1980 through 2019, the authors show how under-resourced communities have evolved in U.S. metropolitan areas. The share of metropolitan residents who reside in under-resourced communities has steadily grown over time. This upward trend cannot be explained by changes in residents’ economic or demographic characteristics. Yet areas experiencing declining economic conditions, aging populations, and rapid ethnoracial change have had the largest increases. Although under-resourced communities continue to be concentrated in central cities, their incidence in suburban areas has nearly doubled since 1980. Under-resourced communities are becoming more racially diverse, not just because of broader ethnoracial change, but because shrinking shares of Blacks and expanding shares of Whites and Hispanics/Latinos reside in these areas. However, Black residents continue to make up a large share of under-resourced community residents. The broader implications of these patterns are also discussed.
{"title":"The Evolution and Landscape of Under-Resourced Communities in U.S. Metropolitan Areas","authors":"Matthew Hall, H. Wial, Devon Yee","doi":"10.1177/08912424231189654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424231189654","url":null,"abstract":"The authors introduce a new measure of concentrated disadvantage that captures the spatial clustering of poverty. Using U.S. Census Bureau data from 1980 through 2019, the authors show how under-resourced communities have evolved in U.S. metropolitan areas. The share of metropolitan residents who reside in under-resourced communities has steadily grown over time. This upward trend cannot be explained by changes in residents’ economic or demographic characteristics. Yet areas experiencing declining economic conditions, aging populations, and rapid ethnoracial change have had the largest increases. Although under-resourced communities continue to be concentrated in central cities, their incidence in suburban areas has nearly doubled since 1980. Under-resourced communities are becoming more racially diverse, not just because of broader ethnoracial change, but because shrinking shares of Blacks and expanding shares of Whites and Hispanics/Latinos reside in these areas. However, Black residents continue to make up a large share of under-resourced community residents. The broader implications of these patterns are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":"302 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48395859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-16DOI: 10.1177/08912424231187816
M. Kumar
{"title":"Book Review: 21st Century Monetary Policy: The Federal Reserve from the Great Inflation to COVID-19 by Ben S. Bernanke","authors":"M. Kumar","doi":"10.1177/08912424231187816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424231187816","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41488346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.1177/08912424231186591
M. Negoita, Annelies M. Goger
The inability of labor markets to function effectively to satisfy the needs of employers and workers suggests that there is a growing need for policy interventions to promote workplace cultures of learning and innovation. Past research suggests that publicly funded incumbent worker training programs are a promising antidote against market failures. With only a handful of studies published in the last two decades, however, this is one of the least-researched types of business support programs. This paper examines the impact of a state program in California that uses a pay-for-performance approach to reimburse employers that train their employees: the California Employment Training Panel (ETP). Based on a mixed-methods study of ETP, the authors found that, overall, ETP had positive and significant impacts on company sales and firm size. The study suggests the need to abandon ideological debates and engage in more evidence-based policy discussions about incumbent worker training programs.
{"title":"State-Level Policies to Incentivize Workplace Learning: Impacts of a California Publicly Funded Employee Training Program","authors":"M. Negoita, Annelies M. Goger","doi":"10.1177/08912424231186591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424231186591","url":null,"abstract":"The inability of labor markets to function effectively to satisfy the needs of employers and workers suggests that there is a growing need for policy interventions to promote workplace cultures of learning and innovation. Past research suggests that publicly funded incumbent worker training programs are a promising antidote against market failures. With only a handful of studies published in the last two decades, however, this is one of the least-researched types of business support programs. This paper examines the impact of a state program in California that uses a pay-for-performance approach to reimburse employers that train their employees: the California Employment Training Panel (ETP). Based on a mixed-methods study of ETP, the authors found that, overall, ETP had positive and significant impacts on company sales and firm size. The study suggests the need to abandon ideological debates and engage in more evidence-based policy discussions about incumbent worker training programs.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42141142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1177/08912424231186767
E. Graves, Marybeth J. Mattingly, H. Wial
This issue of Economic Development Quarterly continues the special issue focusing on inclusive economic development. The August 2023 issue focused on the impact of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). This issue of the journal presents research focused on under-resourced communities; the diffusion of the U.S. manufacturing workforce; economic segregation and inequality on economic performance in metro areas; models of equity and inclusion for daylabor workers; and middle-wage U.S. occupations. In 2019, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, The Initiative for a Competitive Inner City, and the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research partnered to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms and contexts that promote inclusive economic growth and development. Inclusive economic development policies promote equitable, participatory, and sustainable growth and opportunities for all populations. They are focused on reducing economic, financial, physical, and social barriers facing vulnerable populations. Each institution has a long-standing interest in equitable growth, and the time was right as the economy flourished— therewas a tight labormarket, and innovation became necessary to attract and retain both businesses and workers. We set out plans to host a themed conference in Boston and produce a related issue in this journal. Before we released a call for papers, however, the Covid-19 pandemic struck and a whole new context emerged: one that underscored the importance of equity as the economy recovers. The August and November issues of Economic Development Quarterly pivot to the current context by thinking about the current environment in at least three important ways: (1) how we determine which places are most in need of economic development approaches, (2) what new ways of initiating economic development may be fruitful, and (3) how were government efforts aligned with equitable economic development during the pandemic. Taken together, the papers in this special issue providemixed evidenceonwhether economicdevelopment in theUnitedStates has become more or less inclusive over time, especially during the pandemic. Matthew Hall, Howard Wial, and Devon Yee paint a pessimistic picture of the long-term trend in concentrated poverty within metropolitan areas, documenting the increase in the incidence of under-resourced communities over the last four decades. The Richard Florida-Todd Gabe and Nik Theodore papers, while illustrating negative features of current regional economic development and labor market patterns, also point toward institutional innovations that could make economic and workforce development more inclusive. Collectively, the papers in this issue provide important insights into the challenges of designing and implementing policies that can effectively address the needs of small businesses in times of crisis. They also highlight the importance of considering the potential for discrimination and bias in the design and implementation of
{"title":"Introduction to the Second Special Issue on Inclusive Economic Development: Promoting Inclusive Economic Growth and Development","authors":"E. Graves, Marybeth J. Mattingly, H. Wial","doi":"10.1177/08912424231186767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424231186767","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of Economic Development Quarterly continues the special issue focusing on inclusive economic development. The August 2023 issue focused on the impact of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). This issue of the journal presents research focused on under-resourced communities; the diffusion of the U.S. manufacturing workforce; economic segregation and inequality on economic performance in metro areas; models of equity and inclusion for daylabor workers; and middle-wage U.S. occupations. In 2019, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, The Initiative for a Competitive Inner City, and the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research partnered to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms and contexts that promote inclusive economic growth and development. Inclusive economic development policies promote equitable, participatory, and sustainable growth and opportunities for all populations. They are focused on reducing economic, financial, physical, and social barriers facing vulnerable populations. Each institution has a long-standing interest in equitable growth, and the time was right as the economy flourished— therewas a tight labormarket, and innovation became necessary to attract and retain both businesses and workers. We set out plans to host a themed conference in Boston and produce a related issue in this journal. Before we released a call for papers, however, the Covid-19 pandemic struck and a whole new context emerged: one that underscored the importance of equity as the economy recovers. The August and November issues of Economic Development Quarterly pivot to the current context by thinking about the current environment in at least three important ways: (1) how we determine which places are most in need of economic development approaches, (2) what new ways of initiating economic development may be fruitful, and (3) how were government efforts aligned with equitable economic development during the pandemic. Taken together, the papers in this special issue providemixed evidenceonwhether economicdevelopment in theUnitedStates has become more or less inclusive over time, especially during the pandemic. Matthew Hall, Howard Wial, and Devon Yee paint a pessimistic picture of the long-term trend in concentrated poverty within metropolitan areas, documenting the increase in the incidence of under-resourced communities over the last four decades. The Richard Florida-Todd Gabe and Nik Theodore papers, while illustrating negative features of current regional economic development and labor market patterns, also point toward institutional innovations that could make economic and workforce development more inclusive. Collectively, the papers in this issue provide important insights into the challenges of designing and implementing policies that can effectively address the needs of small businesses in times of crisis. They also highlight the importance of considering the potential for discrimination and bias in the design and implementation of","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46825562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.1177/08912424231186478
Erin Graves, Marybeth J. Mattingly, H. Wial
In 2019, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, The Initiative for a Competitive Inner City, and the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research partnered to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms and contexts that promote inclusive economic growth and development. Inclusive economic development policies promote equitable, participatory, and sustainable growth and opportunities for all populations. They are focused on reducing economic, financial, physical, and social barriers facing vulnerable populations. Each institution has a long-standing interest in equitable growth, and the time was right as the economy flourished —there was a tight labor market, and innovation became necessary to attract and retain both businesses and workers. We set out plans to host a themed conference in Boston and produce a related issue in this journal. Before we released a call for papers, however, the Covid-19 pandemic struck and a whole new context emerged: one that underscored the importance of equity as the economy recovers. The August and November issues of Economic Development Quarterly pivot to the current context by thinking about the current environment in at least three important ways: (1) how we determine which places are most in need of economic development approaches, (2) what new ways of initiating economic development may be fruitful, and (3) how government efforts aligned with equitable economic development during the pandemic. As the economy continues its recovery from the pandemic, it is important to reflect on what the pandemic revealed about existing inequities in regional economies. The August and November special issues examine both the pre-pandemic conditions facing underserved populations and the impact of pandemic-related public policies on economic inclusiveness. This issue explores the impact of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), which was the largest economic development initiative since the Great Depression. Overall, the papers in this issue suggest that many policy-influenced disparities of the past were initially carried through to the pandemic. However, at the same time, they highlight deliberate alterations to the PPP in its final round that improved inclusivity. Congress authorized the PPP during the early stages of the pandemic as business activity fell precipitously. All told, the program disbursed nearly $800 billion to nearly 9 million businesses across three rounds of funding between April 2020 and April 2021 (Lester & Wilson, 2023). Congress intended for the program to provide emergency economic relief to small businesses and help them keep employees on their payroll by offering forgivable loans administered by the Small Business Administration (SBA). The issue of inclusiveness became immediately relevant because the pandemic-induced recession led to disparities, with disproportionate negative impacts on minorityand female-owned businesses. Business activity in the first few months of the pandemic fell 41% among Blac
2019年，波士顿联邦储备银行、“竞争性内城倡议”和w·e·厄普约翰就业研究所合作，更好地了解促进包容性经济增长和发展的机制和背景。包容性经济发展政策促进公平、参与性和可持续增长，为所有人口提供机会。它们的重点是减少弱势群体面临的经济、金融、物质和社会障碍。每个机构对公平增长都有长期的兴趣，经济繁荣的时候正是时候——劳动力市场吃紧，创新成为吸引和留住企业和工人的必要条件。我们计划在波士顿举办一个主题会议，并在本刊上出版一个相关的问题。然而，在我们发布征文之前，2019冠状病毒病大流行爆发，一个全新的背景出现了:随着经济复苏，公平的重要性得到了强调。《经济发展季刊》8月和11月的两期以当前背景为中心，至少从三个重要方面思考当前环境:(1)我们如何确定哪些地方最需要经济发展方法;(2)启动经济发展的新方法可能富有成效;(3)疫情期间政府的努力如何与公平的经济发展相一致。随着经济继续从大流行病中复苏，重要的是要反思大流行病揭示了区域经济中现有的不平等现象。8月和11月的特刊审查了服务不足人群在大流行前面临的状况，以及与大流行有关的公共政策对经济包容性的影响。这一期探讨了工资保护计划(PPP)的影响，这是自大萧条以来最大的经济发展计划。总体而言，本期的论文表明，过去许多受政策影响的差异最初一直延续到这次大流行。然而，与此同时，他们强调，PPP在最后一轮中进行了有意的改革，提高了包容性。由于商业活动急剧下降，国会在大流行的早期阶段批准了PPP。总的来说，该计划在2020年4月至2021年4月的三轮融资中向近900万家企业支付了近8000亿美元(Lester & Wilson, 2023)。国会打算通过该计划向小企业提供紧急经济救济，并通过向小企业管理局(small Business Administration，简称SBA)提供可免除贷款，帮助它们保住雇员的工资。包容性问题立即具有相关性，因为大流行病引起的衰退导致了不平等，对少数民族和妇女拥有的企业产生了不成比例的负面影响。大流行的头几个月，黑人的商业活动下降了41%，拉丁裔下降了32%，而白人的商业活动下降了17% (Fairlie, 2020年)。女性拥有的公司也下降了25%，而男性拥有的公司下降了20%(费尔利)。然而，对购买力平价的早期评估显示，它也导致了差距。资金主要流向白人占多数的地区，一些歧视的证据浮出水面。一项针对金融机构的配对审计测试显示，银行代表在申请PPP贷款时鼓励黑人和白人测试者与银行代表提供的产品和信息之间存在差异(Lederer et al.， 2020)。PPP的第一阶段和第二阶段在贷款数量上更大(510万对370万)，但在贷款总额上更是如此，第一阶段和第二阶段的贷款总额为5170亿美元
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Inclusive Economic Development: Paycheck Protection Program","authors":"Erin Graves, Marybeth J. Mattingly, H. Wial","doi":"10.1177/08912424231186478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424231186478","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, The Initiative for a Competitive Inner City, and the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research partnered to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms and contexts that promote inclusive economic growth and development. Inclusive economic development policies promote equitable, participatory, and sustainable growth and opportunities for all populations. They are focused on reducing economic, financial, physical, and social barriers facing vulnerable populations. Each institution has a long-standing interest in equitable growth, and the time was right as the economy flourished —there was a tight labor market, and innovation became necessary to attract and retain both businesses and workers. We set out plans to host a themed conference in Boston and produce a related issue in this journal. Before we released a call for papers, however, the Covid-19 pandemic struck and a whole new context emerged: one that underscored the importance of equity as the economy recovers. The August and November issues of Economic Development Quarterly pivot to the current context by thinking about the current environment in at least three important ways: (1) how we determine which places are most in need of economic development approaches, (2) what new ways of initiating economic development may be fruitful, and (3) how government efforts aligned with equitable economic development during the pandemic. As the economy continues its recovery from the pandemic, it is important to reflect on what the pandemic revealed about existing inequities in regional economies. The August and November special issues examine both the pre-pandemic conditions facing underserved populations and the impact of pandemic-related public policies on economic inclusiveness. This issue explores the impact of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), which was the largest economic development initiative since the Great Depression. Overall, the papers in this issue suggest that many policy-influenced disparities of the past were initially carried through to the pandemic. However, at the same time, they highlight deliberate alterations to the PPP in its final round that improved inclusivity. Congress authorized the PPP during the early stages of the pandemic as business activity fell precipitously. All told, the program disbursed nearly $800 billion to nearly 9 million businesses across three rounds of funding between April 2020 and April 2021 (Lester & Wilson, 2023). Congress intended for the program to provide emergency economic relief to small businesses and help them keep employees on their payroll by offering forgivable loans administered by the Small Business Administration (SBA). The issue of inclusiveness became immediately relevant because the pandemic-induced recession led to disparities, with disproportionate negative impacts on minorityand female-owned businesses. Business activity in the first few months of the pandemic fell 41% among Blac","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":"207 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45227734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1177/08912424231183941
Steven Bond‐Smith
Specialization in tourism exposes the economy of Hawai‘i to external shocks that trigger collapses in tourist numbers. Furthermore, Hawai‘i's economic growth has diminished for decades as the dominance of tourism has not generated productivity growth. In response, policy makers in Hawai‘i increasingly emphasize diversification. This article examines a spatial economics perspective to explain why Hawai‘i is so specialized, and to sketch policy for diversification and growth. Isolated, small, and open economies tend to be more specialized in one or a few industries because increasing returns to scale generates a coordination problem for new industries. By targeting industries that use related know-how, or a Hawai‘i-specific resource, Hawai‘i can access productivity gains from the scale of related and location -bound industries.
{"title":"Diversifying Hawai‘i's Specialized Economy: A Spatial Economic Perspective","authors":"Steven Bond‐Smith","doi":"10.1177/08912424231183941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424231183941","url":null,"abstract":"Specialization in tourism exposes the economy of Hawai‘i to external shocks that trigger collapses in tourist numbers. Furthermore, Hawai‘i's economic growth has diminished for decades as the dominance of tourism has not generated productivity growth. In response, policy makers in Hawai‘i increasingly emphasize diversification. This article examines a spatial economics perspective to explain why Hawai‘i is so specialized, and to sketch policy for diversification and growth. Isolated, small, and open economies tend to be more specialized in one or a few industries because increasing returns to scale generates a coordination problem for new industries. By targeting industries that use related know-how, or a Hawai‘i-specific resource, Hawai‘i can access productivity gains from the scale of related and location -bound industries.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44097046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1177/08912424231185317
W. Graves
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