Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.1177/08912424221148718
Jay D. Gatrell
Civic engagement and community-based learning create new opportunities for higher education to enliven student learning, transform communities, and enhance our collective understanding of democracy in place and over time. To that end, Bachin and Howard (eds.) Engaging Place, Engaging Practices explores various examples of the engaged urban university and the practices deployed by faculty to promote civic engagement. The collection’s chapters demonstrate how public history, as well as action-oriented research, can be effective learning vehicles that simultaneously reconcile the past to chart new collaborative futures (Howard & Byrum), excavate local histories (Souther), and create grassroots projects to enhance access to and increase the visibility of local resources (Bachin). The collection also has an example of how neighborhood histories can be deployed to increase everyday understandings of climate change and assess local impacts on residents (Hurley). In each of these examples, the authors and their students leverage new technologies and spatial approaches (GIS and StoryMaps) to empower and inform communities. Finally, using role playing, Gudis (Chapter 6) enlivens local histories and provides students with a powerful performative lens through which to understand and explore social change in place. The book’s most ambitious example of the impact urban universities can make on communities is Chapter 2: Toward Creating the Democratic, Engage Urban University by Harkavy, Hodges, Puckett, and Weeks. Drawing on the experience of the University of Pennsylvania, the chapter explores the capacity of universities to promote social change through gentrification, indifference (neglect or disregard), partial engagement, and full engagement (p. 43)— and they provide examples of how the institution has engaged in practices over time that corresponds to all four categories. And, as the authors demonstrate, universities need not simply be agents of gentrification or engage in policies that promote benign neglect. Rather, higher education can and must foster community-based partnerships that seek to “transform” neighborhoods, improve schools, and advance teaching, learning, research, and service (p. 55). To that end, the authors describe the creation and evolution of a community-focused university center in 1992, now known as the Netter Center for Community Partnerships, which oversees academic engagement programs, as well as Penn’s university assistant schools’ initiative. In nearly all the chapters, the authors demonstrate that sustained collaboration and committed university leadership are essential to ensure that the potential and power of urban universities can be leveraged to promote positive change. Although the Penn example underscores what can be done when institutions commit to urban engagement, the other chapters demonstrate how instructors and individual courses can make a difference in the lives of students and residents. As such, the collection
{"title":"Book Review: Engaging Place, Engaging Practices: Urban History and Campus-Community Partnerships by Bachin, Robin F. and Howard, Amy L. (eds)","authors":"Jay D. Gatrell","doi":"10.1177/08912424221148718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221148718","url":null,"abstract":"Civic engagement and community-based learning create new opportunities for higher education to enliven student learning, transform communities, and enhance our collective understanding of democracy in place and over time. To that end, Bachin and Howard (eds.) Engaging Place, Engaging Practices explores various examples of the engaged urban university and the practices deployed by faculty to promote civic engagement. The collection’s chapters demonstrate how public history, as well as action-oriented research, can be effective learning vehicles that simultaneously reconcile the past to chart new collaborative futures (Howard & Byrum), excavate local histories (Souther), and create grassroots projects to enhance access to and increase the visibility of local resources (Bachin). The collection also has an example of how neighborhood histories can be deployed to increase everyday understandings of climate change and assess local impacts on residents (Hurley). In each of these examples, the authors and their students leverage new technologies and spatial approaches (GIS and StoryMaps) to empower and inform communities. Finally, using role playing, Gudis (Chapter 6) enlivens local histories and provides students with a powerful performative lens through which to understand and explore social change in place. The book’s most ambitious example of the impact urban universities can make on communities is Chapter 2: Toward Creating the Democratic, Engage Urban University by Harkavy, Hodges, Puckett, and Weeks. Drawing on the experience of the University of Pennsylvania, the chapter explores the capacity of universities to promote social change through gentrification, indifference (neglect or disregard), partial engagement, and full engagement (p. 43)— and they provide examples of how the institution has engaged in practices over time that corresponds to all four categories. And, as the authors demonstrate, universities need not simply be agents of gentrification or engage in policies that promote benign neglect. Rather, higher education can and must foster community-based partnerships that seek to “transform” neighborhoods, improve schools, and advance teaching, learning, research, and service (p. 55). To that end, the authors describe the creation and evolution of a community-focused university center in 1992, now known as the Netter Center for Community Partnerships, which oversees academic engagement programs, as well as Penn’s university assistant schools’ initiative. In nearly all the chapters, the authors demonstrate that sustained collaboration and committed university leadership are essential to ensure that the potential and power of urban universities can be leveraged to promote positive change. Although the Penn example underscores what can be done when institutions commit to urban engagement, the other chapters demonstrate how instructors and individual courses can make a difference in the lives of students and residents. As such, the collection ","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":"198 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45339828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1177/08912424221145173
M. Kures, S. Deller
Residential and employment locational decisions for working households are frequently commingled. Numerous economic and social factors like job accessibility, wage differentials, housing markets, travel time, trip-chaining opportunities, dual employment, and other quality-of-life considerations influence where a household ultimately chooses to reside relative to places of employment. These choices in turn shape commuting patterns within a region. Using the U.S. Census Bureau's LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES), the authors explore longitudinal changes in the growth of commuting patterns based on commuters traveling 50 miles or more between their place of residence and place of employment for counties in Midwestern states from 2002 to 2019. The authors find that the rate of commuters traveling 50 miles or more appears to have increased in rural areas across several periods and regions. Thus, rural communities concerned about labor supply constraints must take into consideration more expansive geographic labor markets and approach labor force development in partnership across local economic development institutions. In essence, the growth in commuting sheds requires stronger regional partnerships to address the issue.
{"title":"Growth in Commuting Patterns and Their Impacts on Rural Workforce and Economic Development","authors":"M. Kures, S. Deller","doi":"10.1177/08912424221145173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221145173","url":null,"abstract":"Residential and employment locational decisions for working households are frequently commingled. Numerous economic and social factors like job accessibility, wage differentials, housing markets, travel time, trip-chaining opportunities, dual employment, and other quality-of-life considerations influence where a household ultimately chooses to reside relative to places of employment. These choices in turn shape commuting patterns within a region. Using the U.S. Census Bureau's LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES), the authors explore longitudinal changes in the growth of commuting patterns based on commuters traveling 50 miles or more between their place of residence and place of employment for counties in Midwestern states from 2002 to 2019. The authors find that the rate of commuters traveling 50 miles or more appears to have increased in rural areas across several periods and regions. Thus, rural communities concerned about labor supply constraints must take into consideration more expansive geographic labor markets and approach labor force development in partnership across local economic development institutions. In essence, the growth in commuting sheds requires stronger regional partnerships to address the issue.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":"54 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49526621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1177/08912424221142282
Phillip A. Singerman, K. Voytek
The U.S. federal government operates a myriad of programs aimed at assisting businesses, typically small and midsized firms, to improve their performance. This commentary focuses on nonfinancial business support programs and how these programs use logic models to guide data collection efforts. The first step is to capture robust data supporting the need for information as the foundation for effective performance management by program staff and other stakeholders. The second step requires that program managers outline the intermediate outcomes they track and the program’s ultimate impacts. The final step requires blending data that captures program outputs, intermediate results, and ultimate program outcomes.
{"title":"Measuring What Matters in Business Support Programs","authors":"Phillip A. Singerman, K. Voytek","doi":"10.1177/08912424221142282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221142282","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. federal government operates a myriad of programs aimed at assisting businesses, typically small and midsized firms, to improve their performance. This commentary focuses on nonfinancial business support programs and how these programs use logic models to guide data collection efforts. The first step is to capture robust data supporting the need for information as the foundation for effective performance management by program staff and other stakeholders. The second step requires that program managers outline the intermediate outcomes they track and the program’s ultimate impacts. The final step requires blending data that captures program outputs, intermediate results, and ultimate program outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":"106 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45400880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-18DOI: 10.1177/08912424221145186
F. Treyz
Since February 2020, severe economic disruption, policy responses, and behavioral shifts have created an uncertain economic future at the global, national, state, and local levels. In the context of this uncertainty, private and governmental decisions need the best available forecasts of long-term economic and demographic growth and change, and a regional economic modeling framework that allows model users to develop alternative forecasts. This commentary provides 10-year economic and population forecasts for the top 20 U.S. metropolitan areas, using REMI—a comprehensive economic/demographic forecasting model. While it focuses on metropolitan areas, the fundamental demographic and economic factors that guide the future of a region are the same. States, cities, and rural areas have underlying demographic and economic forces that will determine their destiny.
{"title":"Prospects for Growth and Change: U.S. Metro Area Forecasts 2022–2032","authors":"F. Treyz","doi":"10.1177/08912424221145186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221145186","url":null,"abstract":"Since February 2020, severe economic disruption, policy responses, and behavioral shifts have created an uncertain economic future at the global, national, state, and local levels. In the context of this uncertainty, private and governmental decisions need the best available forecasts of long-term economic and demographic growth and change, and a regional economic modeling framework that allows model users to develop alternative forecasts. This commentary provides 10-year economic and population forecasts for the top 20 U.S. metropolitan areas, using REMI—a comprehensive economic/demographic forecasting model. While it focuses on metropolitan areas, the fundamental demographic and economic factors that guide the future of a region are the same. States, cities, and rural areas have underlying demographic and economic forces that will determine their destiny.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":"115 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47151681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1177/08912424221144002
Ken Poole, Allison Forbes, Nichelle D. Williams
The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an unimagined level of federal investment in regional economic development and much greater political attention to its priorities. Economic development researchers have an opportunity to contribute to an array of federally funded and pandemic-inspired regional experiments, many of which reflect shifting concerns about economic development and what constitutes success. Among these include the importance of addressing historical racial, ethnic, and gender inequalities; the value of research and development as a solution to major human problems; the severity of impending workforce shortages in key sectors; the fragility of many highly efficient global supply chains; and the inadequacy of our underinvested economic data infrastructure to help understand these issues. Researchers have a unique opportunity to examine the regional impacts of national issues by improving public investment logic models, advocating for an improved data infrastructure, and providing evidence to address the long-standing tension between growth and equity as competing economic development priorities.
{"title":"Applied Regional Economic Research Can Improve Development Strategies and Drive Better Outcomes","authors":"Ken Poole, Allison Forbes, Nichelle D. Williams","doi":"10.1177/08912424221144002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221144002","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an unimagined level of federal investment in regional economic development and much greater political attention to its priorities. Economic development researchers have an opportunity to contribute to an array of federally funded and pandemic-inspired regional experiments, many of which reflect shifting concerns about economic development and what constitutes success. Among these include the importance of addressing historical racial, ethnic, and gender inequalities; the value of research and development as a solution to major human problems; the severity of impending workforce shortages in key sectors; the fragility of many highly efficient global supply chains; and the inadequacy of our underinvested economic data infrastructure to help understand these issues. Researchers have a unique opportunity to examine the regional impacts of national issues by improving public investment logic models, advocating for an improved data infrastructure, and providing evidence to address the long-standing tension between growth and equity as competing economic development priorities.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":"85 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42066885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1177/08912424221140867
Shawn M. Rohlin
Researchers investigating causal estimates of economic development programs face many challenges. This commentary highlights three challenges for future researchers to consider. Specifically, the author discusses how important it is to examine distributional changes and not just mean effects. Additionally, the merits of determining migration effects when studying economic development programs to better understand if original residents benefit from the program are discussed. Finally, the author questions how the pandemic will affect economic development research, particularly relating to how labor markets are defined.
{"title":"Challenges to Identifying Economic Development Impacts","authors":"Shawn M. Rohlin","doi":"10.1177/08912424221140867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221140867","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers investigating causal estimates of economic development programs face many challenges. This commentary highlights three challenges for future researchers to consider. Specifically, the author discusses how important it is to examine distributional changes and not just mean effects. Additionally, the merits of determining migration effects when studying economic development programs to better understand if original residents benefit from the program are discussed. Finally, the author questions how the pandemic will affect economic development research, particularly relating to how labor markets are defined.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":"103 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42492736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1177/08912424221142840
K. Hollenbeck
Workforce development systems operate as a linchpin between individuals who desire or need to develop skills that will be remunerated well and will lead to fulfilling careers in the labor market and employers who desire skilled workers who will be productive in the workplace. These systems, however, have been criticized for failings at both ends of the system: they have not served well individuals from underrepresented populations, and they have not been responsive to the changing nature of work and employment relationships. This commentary suggests that these are the most cogent problems to be addressed in future workforce development research. Needed are subgroup analyses of each phase of education and training opportunities: outreach efforts, participation, interest and skill assessments, retention and completion, supportive services, and post-program labor market impacts. Also important will be research into the other side of the market: how can workforce development systems do a better job at inculcating skills that are needed to be productive in the workforce and skills that better meet the future demands of employers?
{"title":"Suggestions for Future Research in the Area of Workforce Development Systems and Regional Economic Development in the United States","authors":"K. Hollenbeck","doi":"10.1177/08912424221142840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221142840","url":null,"abstract":"Workforce development systems operate as a linchpin between individuals who desire or need to develop skills that will be remunerated well and will lead to fulfilling careers in the labor market and employers who desire skilled workers who will be productive in the workplace. These systems, however, have been criticized for failings at both ends of the system: they have not served well individuals from underrepresented populations, and they have not been responsive to the changing nature of work and employment relationships. This commentary suggests that these are the most cogent problems to be addressed in future workforce development research. Needed are subgroup analyses of each phase of education and training opportunities: outreach efforts, participation, interest and skill assessments, retention and completion, supportive services, and post-program labor market impacts. Also important will be research into the other side of the market: how can workforce development systems do a better job at inculcating skills that are needed to be productive in the workforce and skills that better meet the future demands of employers?","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":"49 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45632278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1177/08912424221142567
A. Markusen
Arts and journalism enterprises may serve as effective economic development tools for small cities and neighborhoods. The author demonstrates how a new, for-profit, weekly newspaper serving a Minnesota city of 12,000 residents in a county of 36,000 has diversified and energized a depopulated downtown and surrounding region. Through powerful investigative reporting and by investing in and hosting exhibits by area artists, the newspaper has attracted new businesses into adjacent unoccupied retail spaces.
{"title":"Arts and Cultural Innovation as Small City Economic Development","authors":"A. Markusen","doi":"10.1177/08912424221142567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221142567","url":null,"abstract":"Arts and journalism enterprises may serve as effective economic development tools for small cities and neighborhoods. The author demonstrates how a new, for-profit, weekly newspaper serving a Minnesota city of 12,000 residents in a county of 36,000 has diversified and energized a depopulated downtown and surrounding region. Through powerful investigative reporting and by investing in and hosting exhibits by area artists, the newspaper has attracted new businesses into adjacent unoccupied retail spaces.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":"73 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46756183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.1177/08912424221142592
George A. Erickcek
While several inclusionary economic development policies may appear similar to traditional economic development policies, they are different in focusing on four key concerns. First, they are more focused on creating greater economic opportunities for minorities and people struggling in poverty. Second, they promote policies that positively impact the economic and social well-being of future generations. Third, they encourage environmental and social sustainable development. Finally, the author argues that they should also concentrate on improving workplace conditions for all employees.
{"title":"What is Inclusionary Economic Development—What if Employees Mattered?","authors":"George A. Erickcek","doi":"10.1177/08912424221142592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221142592","url":null,"abstract":"While several inclusionary economic development policies may appear similar to traditional economic development policies, they are different in focusing on four key concerns. First, they are more focused on creating greater economic opportunities for minorities and people struggling in poverty. Second, they promote policies that positively impact the economic and social well-being of future generations. Third, they encourage environmental and social sustainable development. Finally, the author argues that they should also concentrate on improving workplace conditions for all employees.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"59 6","pages":"27 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41268600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1177/08912424221143362
R. Eberts
A smart public workforce system requires customized tools to help customers navigate through the complexities of finding a job or finding qualified workers. It also requires that information flow in both directions—from customers to the workforce system and vice versa. This commentary shows some early attempts at constructing algorithms to develop tools and proposes research that is necessary for future refinements. The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), the federal program that provides most funds and guidance for the nation's public workforce system, offers some direction for states to follow in constructing various aspects of these tools. The early attempts include a pilot for Georgia, called Frontline Decision Support System (FDSS), and the Value-Added Performance Improvement System (VAPIS) for the state of Michigan. Future research must answer questions such as the efficacy of AI over regression, and how does one go about evaluating such tools.
{"title":"Improving the U.S. Workforce System by Transforming its Performance Measurement System into an Intelligent Information System","authors":"R. Eberts","doi":"10.1177/08912424221143362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221143362","url":null,"abstract":"A smart public workforce system requires customized tools to help customers navigate through the complexities of finding a job or finding qualified workers. It also requires that information flow in both directions—from customers to the workforce system and vice versa. This commentary shows some early attempts at constructing algorithms to develop tools and proposes research that is necessary for future refinements. The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), the federal program that provides most funds and guidance for the nation's public workforce system, offers some direction for states to follow in constructing various aspects of these tools. The early attempts include a pilot for Georgia, called Frontline Decision Support System (FDSS), and the Value-Added Performance Improvement System (VAPIS) for the state of Michigan. Future research must answer questions such as the efficacy of AI over regression, and how does one go about evaluating such tools.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":"20 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46404616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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