Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1108/ijcma-03-2023-0038
Juman Iqbal, Shameem Shagirbasha, Kumar P. Madhan
Purpose The service effort behavior (SEB) of health professionals may be impeded by many factors. This study aims to draw upon the conservation of resources and stressor–strain–outcome theories to test a moderated mediation model that explores how work–family conflict (WFC) influences SEB. The mediating effect of emotional irritation (EI) and the moderating effect of organizational identification (OI) was also tested. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected over two waves from 524 health professionals working across India and was tested using SPSS PROCESS macros and Amos 24. Findings The results revealed that WFC has a significantly negative relationship with SEB, and EI mediates the relationship between the two variables. The mediation process was further moderated by OI. Originality/value There is an absolute scarcity of evidence that has explored the association of WFC and SEB with the mediating role of EI. Along with offering a nuanced understanding of these relationships, this study also presents some interesting insights to health-care administrators.
{"title":"Service with a sense of belonging: navigating work–family conflict and emotional irritation in the service efforts of health professionals","authors":"Juman Iqbal, Shameem Shagirbasha, Kumar P. Madhan","doi":"10.1108/ijcma-03-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-03-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The service effort behavior (SEB) of health professionals may be impeded by many factors. This study aims to draw upon the conservation of resources and stressor–strain–outcome theories to test a moderated mediation model that explores how work–family conflict (WFC) influences SEB. The mediating effect of emotional irritation (EI) and the moderating effect of organizational identification (OI) was also tested.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Data was collected over two waves from 524 health professionals working across India and was tested using SPSS PROCESS macros and Amos 24.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results revealed that WFC has a significantly negative relationship with SEB, and EI mediates the relationship between the two variables. The mediation process was further moderated by OI.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000There is an absolute scarcity of evidence that has explored the association of WFC and SEB with the mediating role of EI. Along with offering a nuanced understanding of these relationships, this study also presents some interesting insights to health-care administrators.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43417694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.1108/ijcma-09-2022-0148
Ye Feng, Asif Mehmood Rana, H. Bashir, M. Sarmad, Anmol Rasheed, Arslan Ayub
Purpose Extant research on workplace ostracism has investigated a victimization perspective to understand ostracism at the cost of examining the perpetrator-centric view of ostracism. This study aims to draw on the self-categorization theory and the social exchange theory to investigate the harmful effects of workplace romance in cultivating workplace ostracism from the perspective of perpetrator to combat concerns for victim blaming. This study further proposes that workplace ostracism triggered by workplace romance provokes interpersonal conflict. Besides, this study investigates the moderating role of prosocial behavior in the underlying linkages. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a multisource, time-lagged research design to collect data from employees working in the service sector organizations in Pakistan. This study analyzes 367 responses using SmartPLS (v 4.0). Findings The findings of this study reveal that workplace romance elicits workplace ostracism, which, in turn, fosters interpersonal conflict among coworkers. In addition, this study finds that ingroup prosocial behavior strengthens the associations between workplace romance and workplace ostracism, and workplace romance and interpersonal conflict, mediated by workplace ostracism such that the associations are more potent at higher levels of ingroup prosocial behavior and vice versa. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines workplace romance as the perpetrator-centric antecedent of workplace ostracism, and ingroup prosocial behavior in exaggerating the outgroup ostracism and interpersonal conflict.
{"title":"What’s love got to do with it? How does workplace romance provoke workplace ostracism and interpersonal conflict","authors":"Ye Feng, Asif Mehmood Rana, H. Bashir, M. Sarmad, Anmol Rasheed, Arslan Ayub","doi":"10.1108/ijcma-09-2022-0148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-09-2022-0148","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Extant research on workplace ostracism has investigated a victimization perspective to understand ostracism at the cost of examining the perpetrator-centric view of ostracism. This study aims to draw on the self-categorization theory and the social exchange theory to investigate the harmful effects of workplace romance in cultivating workplace ostracism from the perspective of perpetrator to combat concerns for victim blaming. This study further proposes that workplace ostracism triggered by workplace romance provokes interpersonal conflict. Besides, this study investigates the moderating role of prosocial behavior in the underlying linkages.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study uses a multisource, time-lagged research design to collect data from employees working in the service sector organizations in Pakistan. This study analyzes 367 responses using SmartPLS (v 4.0).\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings of this study reveal that workplace romance elicits workplace ostracism, which, in turn, fosters interpersonal conflict among coworkers. In addition, this study finds that ingroup prosocial behavior strengthens the associations between workplace romance and workplace ostracism, and workplace romance and interpersonal conflict, mediated by workplace ostracism such that the associations are more potent at higher levels of ingroup prosocial behavior and vice versa.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines workplace romance as the perpetrator-centric antecedent of workplace ostracism, and ingroup prosocial behavior in exaggerating the outgroup ostracism and interpersonal conflict.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49482569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1108/ijcma-12-2022-0210
Kamal Badar, M. Aboramadan, G. Plimmer
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate whether two types of destructive leadership styles – despotic and narcissistic – predict turnover intentions of nurses via emotional exhaustion, drawing from the conservation of resources theory and the unfolding theory of turnover. Design/methodology/approach This paper used multiwave data collected from 731 nurses working in Palestinian hospitals. Structural equation modeling using partial least squares was used to analyze the data. Findings Both narcissistic and despotic leadership are associated with turnover intentions directly and indirectly through emotional exhaustion. Despotic leadership, however, has a stronger relationship to turnover intention than narcissistic leadership. Despotic and narcissistic leadership are common in this sample. Practical implications A strong psycho-safety climate is likely needed to address the harm caused by these destructive leadership styles, and interventions should span primary, secondary and tertiary levels of the public health model. Examples include ensuring strong organizational checks, balances and information flows, job control, support and widespread training; assistance programs such as counseling services; and remediation and repair for harmed individuals and teams. Originality/value This study advances the understanding of the negative, dark or destructive side of leadership specifically in the nursing context. This study compares despotic and narcissistic leadership to examine which one better/worse explains turnover intentions through emotional exhaustion.
{"title":"Despotic vs narcissistic leadership: differences in their relationship to emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions","authors":"Kamal Badar, M. Aboramadan, G. Plimmer","doi":"10.1108/ijcma-12-2022-0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-12-2022-0210","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to investigate whether two types of destructive leadership styles – despotic and narcissistic – predict turnover intentions of nurses via emotional exhaustion, drawing from the conservation of resources theory and the unfolding theory of turnover.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This paper used multiwave data collected from 731 nurses working in Palestinian hospitals. Structural equation modeling using partial least squares was used to analyze the data.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Both narcissistic and despotic leadership are associated with turnover intentions directly and indirectly through emotional exhaustion. Despotic leadership, however, has a stronger relationship to turnover intention than narcissistic leadership. Despotic and narcissistic leadership are common in this sample.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000A strong psycho-safety climate is likely needed to address the harm caused by these destructive leadership styles, and interventions should span primary, secondary and tertiary levels of the public health model. Examples include ensuring strong organizational checks, balances and information flows, job control, support and widespread training; assistance programs such as counseling services; and remediation and repair for harmed individuals and teams.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study advances the understanding of the negative, dark or destructive side of leadership specifically in the nursing context. This study compares despotic and narcissistic leadership to examine which one better/worse explains turnover intentions through emotional exhaustion.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41471850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Relations between Nigeria and Cameroon have been strained for a number of years due to conflicts over the ownership and administration of the resource-rich Bakassi Peninsula. After independence, Cameroon and Nigeria accepted the colonial borders, but Nigerian authorities decided in 1980 to question these borders. Following several failed diplomatic attempts to prevent and resolve the conflict, Cameroon approached the International Court of Justice (ICJ) at the Hague with a petition on March 29, 1994 and at the end of the process which lasted eight years, the ICJ rendered its final verdict on October 10, 2002 in favour of Cameroon. This study seeks to examine the geopolitics and historical context of the Bakassi dispute. It argues that, the different conflict prevention measures adopted through the creation of the Joint Cameroon–Nigeria Border Commission in 1965; Yaounde I Declaration of August 14, 1970; Yaounde II Declaration of April 4, 1971; Kano Declaration of September 1, 1974; Maroua Declaration of June 1, 1975; and the activities of the Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission from 2002 to 2007 provided a model for dialogue and mediation in the prevention of armed conflicts in Africa. Methodology: The study utilized primary and secondary sources to investigate the measures adopted in preventing the conflict and to ascertain that the methods of conflict resolution such as mediation, bilateral negotiation, facilitation, adjudication, agreement and dialogue applied were very successful. Findings: The study concludes that, addressing the shortcomings of conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms could improve stability, guarantee security and maintain peace. The study recommends that, governments, the general public, litigants, mediators and policymakers involved in the prevention and resolution of border conflicts should be educated and trained on alternative dispute resolution processes in Africa. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study contributes to theory, policy and practice in the sense that, conflict prevention through dialogue, creation of joint and mixed commissions, and the arrival of consensus through declarations and agreements have significant potentials for handling and resolving the growing number of armed border conflicts in Africa.
{"title":"Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Prevention and Resolution Over the Bakassi Peninsula, 1884 – 2008: Model for Peacebuilding in Africa","authors":"Emmanuel Yenkong Sobseh","doi":"10.47941/ijcm.1292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijcm.1292","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Relations between Nigeria and Cameroon have been strained for a number of years due to conflicts over the ownership and administration of the resource-rich Bakassi Peninsula. After independence, Cameroon and Nigeria accepted the colonial borders, but Nigerian authorities decided in 1980 to question these borders. Following several failed diplomatic attempts to prevent and resolve the conflict, Cameroon approached the International Court of Justice (ICJ) at the Hague with a petition on March 29, 1994 and at the end of the process which lasted eight years, the ICJ rendered its final verdict on October 10, 2002 in favour of Cameroon. This study seeks to examine the geopolitics and historical context of the Bakassi dispute. It argues that, the different conflict prevention measures adopted through the creation of the Joint Cameroon–Nigeria Border Commission in 1965; Yaounde I Declaration of August 14, 1970; Yaounde II Declaration of April 4, 1971; Kano Declaration of September 1, 1974; Maroua Declaration of June 1, 1975; and the activities of the Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission from 2002 to 2007 provided a model for dialogue and mediation in the prevention of armed conflicts in Africa. \u0000Methodology: The study utilized primary and secondary sources to investigate the measures adopted in preventing the conflict and to ascertain that the methods of conflict resolution such as mediation, bilateral negotiation, facilitation, adjudication, agreement and dialogue applied were very successful. \u0000Findings: The study concludes that, addressing the shortcomings of conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms could improve stability, guarantee security and maintain peace. The study recommends that, governments, the general public, litigants, mediators and policymakers involved in the prevention and resolution of border conflicts should be educated and trained on alternative dispute resolution processes in Africa. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study contributes to theory, policy and practice in the sense that, conflict prevention through dialogue, creation of joint and mixed commissions, and the arrival of consensus through declarations and agreements have significant potentials for handling and resolving the growing number of armed border conflicts in Africa.","PeriodicalId":47382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42018442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1108/ijcma-01-2023-0002
Andrew P. Owsiak, P. Diehl, Gary Goertz
Purpose The purpuse of this study is to answer the following two questions. Do conflict management efforts mitigate the recurrence and severity of civil conflict? If so, how? Do some conflict management strategies fare better than others in these tasks? This study theorizes about the connection between the costliness of a conflict management strategy – with respect to both the disputants and third parties – and civil conflict outcomes. This theory produces two contradictory predictions: that more costly strategies either increase or decrease violence. This study not only adjudicates between these two possibilities but also incorporates the role of timing. The early use of more costly strategies, for example, may encourage disputants to reduce violence in civil conflicts. Design/methodology/approach To evaluate the predications that the authors derive from their theoretical argument, the authors quantitatively analyze the effect of conflict management strategies’ relative cost on various measures of civil conflict recurrence and severity. The authors first identify the set of international–civil militarized conflicts (I-CMCs) during the period 1946–2010. I-CMCs contain two dimensions – interstate and intrastate – making them the most complex and dangerous form of militarized conflict. To each I-CMC, the authors then link all third-party attempts to manage the I-CMC’s civil conflict dimension. Finally, after developing quantitative indicators, a series of regression equations explore the relationships of primary interest. Findings Two main findings emerge. First, when third parties use a relatively more costly conflict management strategy to manage a civil conflict (e.g. a peace operation or military intervention, as opposed to mediation), the severity of the conflict increases, while conflict recurrence rates remain unchanged. Second, this study uncovers a trade-off. The early use of a relatively more costly management strategy lowers a civil conflict’s severity in the short-term. It also, however, increases the likelihood – and speed with which – civil conflict recurs. The timing of certain conflict management strategies matters. Originality/value Scholars typically isolate conflict management strategies in number (i.e. consider efforts as independent of one another, even those within the same conflict) and kind (i.e. examine mediation but not peace operations). This study, in contrast, includes the following: the full menu of conflict management strategies available to third parties – negotiation, mediation, adjudication/arbitration, peace operations, sanctions and military intervention – over a lengthy time period (1946–2010); theorizes about the relative merits of these strategies; and considers the timing of certain conflict management efforts. In so doing, it highlights a policy trade-off and proposes promising areas for future research.
{"title":"Managing complexity: addressing the civil conflict component of international-civil militarized conflicts (I-CMCs)","authors":"Andrew P. Owsiak, P. Diehl, Gary Goertz","doi":"10.1108/ijcma-01-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-01-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpuse of this study is to answer the following two questions. Do conflict management efforts mitigate the recurrence and severity of civil conflict? If so, how? Do some conflict management strategies fare better than others in these tasks? This study theorizes about the connection between the costliness of a conflict management strategy – with respect to both the disputants and third parties – and civil conflict outcomes. This theory produces two contradictory predictions: that more costly strategies either increase or decrease violence. This study not only adjudicates between these two possibilities but also incorporates the role of timing. The early use of more costly strategies, for example, may encourage disputants to reduce violence in civil conflicts.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000To evaluate the predications that the authors derive from their theoretical argument, the authors quantitatively analyze the effect of conflict management strategies’ relative cost on various measures of civil conflict recurrence and severity. The authors first identify the set of international–civil militarized conflicts (I-CMCs) during the period 1946–2010. I-CMCs contain two dimensions – interstate and intrastate – making them the most complex and dangerous form of militarized conflict. To each I-CMC, the authors then link all third-party attempts to manage the I-CMC’s civil conflict dimension. Finally, after developing quantitative indicators, a series of regression equations explore the relationships of primary interest.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Two main findings emerge. First, when third parties use a relatively more costly conflict management strategy to manage a civil conflict (e.g. a peace operation or military intervention, as opposed to mediation), the severity of the conflict increases, while conflict recurrence rates remain unchanged. Second, this study uncovers a trade-off. The early use of a relatively more costly management strategy lowers a civil conflict’s severity in the short-term. It also, however, increases the likelihood – and speed with which – civil conflict recurs. The timing of certain conflict management strategies matters.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Scholars typically isolate conflict management strategies in number (i.e. consider efforts as independent of one another, even those within the same conflict) and kind (i.e. examine mediation but not peace operations). This study, in contrast, includes the following: the full menu of conflict management strategies available to third parties – negotiation, mediation, adjudication/arbitration, peace operations, sanctions and military intervention – over a lengthy time period (1946–2010); theorizes about the relative merits of these strategies; and considers the timing of certain conflict management efforts. In so doing, it highlights a policy trade-off and proposes promising areas for future research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46640621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1108/ijcma-12-2022-0203
Molly M. Melin, Alexandru V. Grigorescu
Purpose This paper aims to seek to and understand how civil conflict and international claims inform one another. Does the existence of ongoing civil and international conflicts affect how a government addresses an international claim? The paper builds on existing literature that link international and domestic conflict. However, it suggests that the logic behind civil conflicts may be different from that for international ones as states decide how to deal with any one claim. Design/methodology/approach The paper posits that states faced with domestic conflicts and additional international claims are more likely to seek to resolve an international claim than those without similar conflicts. It develops a series of hypotheses about the likelihood of claim escalation and peaceful settlement attempts and proceed to test them quantitatively using the Issue Correlates of War data combined with the uppsala conflict data program/peace research institute oslo Armed Conflict Data. Findings On the one hand, the paper finds support for the argument regarding the difficulty states are faced with when seeking to resolve multiple international claims. On the other hand, it finds that the presence of civil conflicts incentivizes states to resolve international claims either by force or peacefully, suggesting internal violence can both lead to diversionary behavior and attempts at conflict resolution. Research limitations/implications The findings have important implications for work considering the complexity of domestic and international conflict linkages. Originality/value While many studies of claim militarization and peaceful attempts focus on dyadic and international characteristics, this paper creates a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of this foreign policy decision process.
{"title":"Connecting international and domestic dots: how conflict entanglement informs resolution and escalation","authors":"Molly M. Melin, Alexandru V. Grigorescu","doi":"10.1108/ijcma-12-2022-0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-12-2022-0203","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to seek to and understand how civil conflict and international claims inform one another. Does the existence of ongoing civil and international conflicts affect how a government addresses an international claim? The paper builds on existing literature that link international and domestic conflict. However, it suggests that the logic behind civil conflicts may be different from that for international ones as states decide how to deal with any one claim.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The paper posits that states faced with domestic conflicts and additional international claims are more likely to seek to resolve an international claim than those without similar conflicts. It develops a series of hypotheses about the likelihood of claim escalation and peaceful settlement attempts and proceed to test them quantitatively using the Issue Correlates of War data combined with the uppsala conflict data program/peace research institute oslo Armed Conflict Data.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000On the one hand, the paper finds support for the argument regarding the difficulty states are faced with when seeking to resolve multiple international claims. On the other hand, it finds that the presence of civil conflicts incentivizes states to resolve international claims either by force or peacefully, suggesting internal violence can both lead to diversionary behavior and attempts at conflict resolution.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The findings have important implications for work considering the complexity of domestic and international conflict linkages.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000While many studies of claim militarization and peaceful attempts focus on dyadic and international characteristics, this paper creates a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of this foreign policy decision process.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45832479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.1108/ijcma-01-2023-0004
S. Hellmüller, B. Salaymeh
Purpose This paper aims to study recent approaches to peacemaking, particularly by Turkey and Russia, in a changing world and their implications for UN-led peace processes. The authors analyze the factors that allow parallel processes to UN mediation to emerge and discuss their influence. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents two in-depth case studies of mediation in Syria and Libya, where the UN, as well as Russia and Turkey, were actively involved in peacemaking. Findings The authors find that parallel processes to UN mediation emerge if the UN process does not show progress toward a negotiated settlement and other third parties have leverage over the conflict parties. However, whether these parallel processes pose a fundamental challenge to the UN-led process depends on how sustained the third parties’ leverage over the conflict parties is. If it lasts, it puts the UN in a difficult position to either participate in the parallel process and contain it but thereby also legitimizing it, or to abstain from participating but thereby risking to lose control over the mediation process. Research limitations/implications Analyzing different approaches to mediation helps to better understand current dynamics of multiparty mediation, including an increased questioning of the effectiveness of UN mediation, and provides insights on how the UN may adapt to keep its relevance in a changing world. Originality/value The paper is based on original first-hand data gathered between 2018 and 2022 through more than 50 interviews with UN officials, negotiation team members, political and civil society actors from Syria and Libya, (former) state officials and experts from Russia and Turkey, as well as external observers.
{"title":"Multiparty mediation in a changing world: the emergence and impact of parallel processes to UN peacemaking in Syria and Libya","authors":"S. Hellmüller, B. Salaymeh","doi":"10.1108/ijcma-01-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-01-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to study recent approaches to peacemaking, particularly by Turkey and Russia, in a changing world and their implications for UN-led peace processes. The authors analyze the factors that allow parallel processes to UN mediation to emerge and discuss their influence.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The paper presents two in-depth case studies of mediation in Syria and Libya, where the UN, as well as Russia and Turkey, were actively involved in peacemaking.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The authors find that parallel processes to UN mediation emerge if the UN process does not show progress toward a negotiated settlement and other third parties have leverage over the conflict parties. However, whether these parallel processes pose a fundamental challenge to the UN-led process depends on how sustained the third parties’ leverage over the conflict parties is. If it lasts, it puts the UN in a difficult position to either participate in the parallel process and contain it but thereby also legitimizing it, or to abstain from participating but thereby risking to lose control over the mediation process.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Analyzing different approaches to mediation helps to better understand current dynamics of multiparty mediation, including an increased questioning of the effectiveness of UN mediation, and provides insights on how the UN may adapt to keep its relevance in a changing world.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The paper is based on original first-hand data gathered between 2018 and 2022 through more than 50 interviews with UN officials, negotiation team members, political and civil society actors from Syria and Libya, (former) state officials and experts from Russia and Turkey, as well as external observers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43369861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1108/ijcma-11-2022-0197
K. Tasa, Mehran Bahmani
Purpose The purpose of this study is to predict cooperation in negotiation through the lens of individual differences. Specifically, this paper examines how a social competence variable called “political skill” relates to cooperation and subsequent effects on negotiation process, outcomes and negotiator reputation. The authors demonstrate how political skill fits in the evolving literature focusing on individual differences in negotiation by comparing political skill to a wide range of other individual difference measures. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted by assessing individual difference measures at the beginning of graduate-level negotiation courses and tracking negotiation behaviors and outcomes over several months. This approach was chosen to minimize the potential for short, time-limited interactions to mask existing relationships. It also allowed the authors to include multiple negotiation interactions, which takes a broader view of negotiation performance, and assess negotiator reputation by allowing it to emerge over time. Findings The results of this study show that political skill, self-rated at the beginning of this study, is significantly related to a negotiator’s overall use of cooperative behavior as rated by peers. Political skill also showed a significant relationship with reputation for cooperativeness and aggregate outcomes in negotiations. These results control for other individual difference measures such as personality, implicit negotiation beliefs, social value orientation and negotiation self-efficacy. Originality/value Using a method that allows the effects of an individual difference to materialize over time, this study empirically establishes the connection between political skill and negotiation reputation, process and outcomes. The methodological contributions of this study explore the relations between self-rated individual difference variables, peer-rated cooperative behaviors and objective coded negotiation outcomes in evaluating political skill in negotiation.
{"title":"Who is cooperative in negotiations? The impact of political skill on cooperation, reputation and outcomes","authors":"K. Tasa, Mehran Bahmani","doi":"10.1108/ijcma-11-2022-0197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-11-2022-0197","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to predict cooperation in negotiation through the lens of individual differences. Specifically, this paper examines how a social competence variable called “political skill” relates to cooperation and subsequent effects on negotiation process, outcomes and negotiator reputation. The authors demonstrate how political skill fits in the evolving literature focusing on individual differences in negotiation by comparing political skill to a wide range of other individual difference measures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study was conducted by assessing individual difference measures at the beginning of graduate-level negotiation courses and tracking negotiation behaviors and outcomes over several months. This approach was chosen to minimize the potential for short, time-limited interactions to mask existing relationships. It also allowed the authors to include multiple negotiation interactions, which takes a broader view of negotiation performance, and assess negotiator reputation by allowing it to emerge over time.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results of this study show that political skill, self-rated at the beginning of this study, is significantly related to a negotiator’s overall use of cooperative behavior as rated by peers. Political skill also showed a significant relationship with reputation for cooperativeness and aggregate outcomes in negotiations. These results control for other individual difference measures such as personality, implicit negotiation beliefs, social value orientation and negotiation self-efficacy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Using a method that allows the effects of an individual difference to materialize over time, this study empirically establishes the connection between political skill and negotiation reputation, process and outcomes. The methodological contributions of this study explore the relations between self-rated individual difference variables, peer-rated cooperative behaviors and objective coded negotiation outcomes in evaluating political skill in negotiation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46022490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1108/ijcma-08-2022-0135
L. Nathan, J. Devonshire
Purpose This paper aims to critique the rationalist theoretical framework of international mediation, which ignores emotions in analyzing the decision by conflict parties to pursue a negotiated settlement or continue fighting, and to present an alternative framework that integrates emotions. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on psychology research on emotions and conflict to develop an emotionally informed framework for analyzing conflict parties’ decision-making regarding a settlement. It demonstrates the framework’s validity and value through a case study of the 2000 Camp David mediation to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Findings A rationalist approach to mediation does not have adequate explanatory and predictive power theoretically. In practice, it can reduce the prospect of success. Research limitations/implications The paper highlights the necessity for mediation researchers to study the effects of emotion, draw on psychology studies on conflict and explore the emotional implications of different mediation strategies and tactics. Practical implications The framework highlights the challenge of designing and conducting mediation in a way that cultivates emotions favorable to a settlement and lessens emotions unfavorable to a settlement. Originality/value This is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to critique the rationalist framework of international mediation studies and develop an alternative framework that integrates emotions.
{"title":"Don’t we have a right to get angry? Integrating emotions into international mediation studies","authors":"L. Nathan, J. Devonshire","doi":"10.1108/ijcma-08-2022-0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-08-2022-0135","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to critique the rationalist theoretical framework of international mediation, which ignores emotions in analyzing the decision by conflict parties to pursue a negotiated settlement or continue fighting, and to present an alternative framework that integrates emotions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The paper draws on psychology research on emotions and conflict to develop an emotionally informed framework for analyzing conflict parties’ decision-making regarding a settlement. It demonstrates the framework’s validity and value through a case study of the 2000 Camp David mediation to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000A rationalist approach to mediation does not have adequate explanatory and predictive power theoretically. In practice, it can reduce the prospect of success.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The paper highlights the necessity for mediation researchers to study the effects of emotion, draw on psychology studies on conflict and explore the emotional implications of different mediation strategies and tactics.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The framework highlights the challenge of designing and conducting mediation in a way that cultivates emotions favorable to a settlement and lessens emotions unfavorable to a settlement.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to critique the rationalist framework of international mediation studies and develop an alternative framework that integrates emotions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":47382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49355954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Due to the flaws in the traditional judicial system, the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods is gaining popularity among scholars and lawyers around the world. Most scholarly articles have examined the inherent advantages of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) techniques over the traditional judicial processes for resolving different types of conflict. Despite the increasing frequency and classification of conflicts in Nigeria, little research has been conducted on the reasons for, and barriers to, disputants' use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) systems as viable options. Given the complexity of the nature and structure of disputes in Nigeria, this research delves into the factors that push and pull litigants into the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Methodology: This study utilized an explanatory research approach to investigate the many distinctive kinds of conflicts and match them with the most relevant ADR procedures. In particular, property disputes, family conflicts, and business disagreements were investigated. Findings: According to the findings, Alternative Dispute resolution (ADR) may lead to a considerable reduction in the amount of time and expense of the dispensation of justice that addresses unfairness in the system of criminal justice administration, ultimately resulting in positive social change. Contributions to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study concludes that Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes have significant potentials for handling the growing number of disputes. However, it is necessary to address their shortcomings as well as facilitate collaboration between the practitioners and the regular courts. It would improve social stability and guarantee satisfaction for the perpetrator, the victim, the community, and society as a whole if this were done. The study recommended, among other things, that the general public and litigants be educated on the inherent advantages of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in the resolution of conflicts.
{"title":"Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): A Suitable Broad Based Dispute Resolution Model in Nigeria; Challenges and Prospects.","authors":"S. O. Ojo","doi":"10.47941/ijcm.1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47941/ijcm.1253","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Due to the flaws in the traditional judicial system, the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods is gaining popularity among scholars and lawyers around the world. Most scholarly articles have examined the inherent advantages of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) techniques over the traditional judicial processes for resolving different types of conflict. Despite the increasing frequency and classification of conflicts in Nigeria, little research has been conducted on the reasons for, and barriers to, disputants' use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) systems as viable options. Given the complexity of the nature and structure of disputes in Nigeria, this research delves into the factors that push and pull litigants into the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). \u0000Methodology: This study utilized an explanatory research approach to investigate the many distinctive kinds of conflicts and match them with the most relevant ADR procedures. In particular, property disputes, family conflicts, and business disagreements were investigated. \u0000Findings: According to the findings, Alternative Dispute resolution (ADR) may lead to a considerable reduction in the amount of time and expense of the dispensation of justice that addresses unfairness in the system of criminal justice administration, ultimately resulting in positive social change. \u0000Contributions to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study concludes that Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes have significant potentials for handling the growing number of disputes. However, it is necessary to address their shortcomings as well as facilitate collaboration between the practitioners and the regular courts. It would improve social stability and guarantee satisfaction for the perpetrator, the victim, the community, and society as a whole if this were done. The study recommended, among other things, that the general public and litigants be educated on the inherent advantages of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in the resolution of conflicts.","PeriodicalId":47382,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46415176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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