Research in Social Stratification and Mobility最新文献

It takes two to court: Partnership formation in the context of forced migration 在法庭上需要两个人：在被迫移民的背景下建立伙伴关系

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101134

Carlos Palomo Lario, Irena Kogan, Stefanie Heyne, Jana Kuhlemann

Since 2015, Germany has seen a significant influx of Syrian and Afghan refugees, predominantly young, unmarried, Muslim men without well-established co-national communities. Confronted with an often unwelcoming reception context, a key question arises: how likely are these refugees to develop close social ties with the resident population? This study explores the relationship between the attitudes of the resident population in Germany toward partnerships with refugees of varying religious affiliations and educational backgrounds and the likelihood of cross-national partnerships among refugees. By utilising a factorial survey experiment from the 58th wave of the German Internet Panel (GIP; N = 3192) and data from the first wave of the PARFORM survey of Syrian and Afghan refugees (N = 1512), we examine whether these attitudes influence partnership outcomes. Our findings reveal that favourable views of the “average” refugee do not correlate with higher probabilities of cross-national partnerships. Whereas positive views of non-Muslim, highly religious, and low-educated refugees show no relationship with cross-national partnership formation, favourable perceptions of Muslim, lowly religious, and highly educated refugees are associated with a greater likelihood of such partnerships. This study underscores the importance of considering resident population preferences as a critical element in the opportunity structure for refugee integration.

自2015年以来，大量叙利亚和阿富汗难民涌入德国，主要是年轻、未婚的穆斯林男子，没有建立良好的共同民族社区。面对通常不受欢迎的接待环境，一个关键问题出现了：这些难民与常住人口发展密切社会关系的可能性有多大？本研究探讨了德国常住人口对与不同宗教信仰和教育背景的难民建立伙伴关系的态度与难民之间跨国伙伴关系的可能性之间的关系。通过利用来自第58波德国互联网小组（GIP; N = 3192）的因子调查实验和来自叙利亚和阿富汗难民PARFORM调查的第一波数据（N = 1512），我们检验了这些态度是否影响伙伴关系的结果。我们的研究结果表明，对“普通”难民的好感与跨国伙伴关系的高概率无关。对非穆斯林、高度宗教信仰和受教育程度低的难民的积极看法与跨国伙伴关系的形成没有关系，而对穆斯林、低宗教信仰和受教育程度高的难民的积极看法与这种伙伴关系的可能性更大有关。这项研究强调了将居民偏好作为难民融入机会结构的一个关键因素加以考虑的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Educational expansion, occupational upgrading, and the changing structure of education-occupation linkages in Sweden, 1960–2013 1960-2013年瑞典教育扩张、职业升级与教育-职业联系结构变化

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101135

Xiaojie Xu

Comparative research has shown that education-occupation linkages tend to be weaker in school-based vocational education and training (VET) systems that emphasize general rather than occupation-specific skills, as in the case of Sweden. However, how these linkages have evolved within national skill formation systems remains largely unexplored. Using Swedish register data from 1960 to 2013, this study documents a sharp rise in the overall strength of education-occupation linkage, peaking around 1990, followed by a general decline. The rapid expansion of upper tertiary education and occupational upgrading shifted the educational and occupational composition toward more tightly linked categories. Yet these compositional gains were largely offset by weakening structural linkages at the upper secondary vocational and lower tertiary levels, where ties to specific occupations eroded considerably. In contrast, despite substantial educational expansion, the decline in structural linkage at the upper tertiary level was relatively modest and later showed signs of rebound. These general trends hold across genders, with women benefiting more from occupational upgrading and showing stronger and more stable overall linkage since 1990. Taken together, educational expansion and occupational upgrading appear relatively balanced and have jointly contributed to a closer alignment between the educational system and the occupational structure in Sweden.

比较研究表明，在以学校为基础的职业教育和培训（VET）系统中，教育与职业的联系往往较弱，这些系统强调一般技能而不是职业特定技能，如瑞典。然而，这些联系是如何在国家技能形成系统内演变的，在很大程度上仍未得到探索。利用瑞典1960年至2013年的登记数据，本研究记录了教育-职业联系的整体强度急剧上升，在1990年左右达到顶峰，随后普遍下降。高等教育和职业升级的快速扩张使教育和职业构成向更紧密联系的类别转变。然而，这些构成上的增长在很大程度上被中高职业水平和低高等职业水平的结构性联系减弱所抵消，在这些水平上，与特定职业的联系大大削弱。相比之下，尽管教育规模大幅扩大，但高等教育结构联系的下降幅度相对较小，后来出现反弹迹象。这些总体趋势在不同性别中都存在，自1990年以来，女性从职业升级中受益更多，并表现出更强、更稳定的总体联系。总的来说，教育扩展和职业升级似乎相对平衡，并共同促进了瑞典的教育制度和职业结构之间更紧密的协调。

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引用次数: 0

Does between-school tracking really result in more achievement homogeneous schools? Evidence from 40 countries around the globe 校际跟踪真的会导致更多的同质化学校吗？证据来自全球40个国家

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101131

Silvia Salchegger, Markus Hirczy

A key argument for tracking is that teaching is easier and more effective in groups of students with more homogeneous abilities. These positive effects are based on the implicit assumption that tracking renders learning groups more academically homogeneous. The present study investigated whether within-school achievement variation (WSAV) really decreases after between-school tracking and how at the same time between-school achievement variation (BSAV) develops. Individual student data of the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2011, the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011, and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 were integrated in a pseudo-panel including 631,368 students from 40 countries. Differences in WSAV and BSAV between fourth grade students (before tracking in all countries) and 15-year-olds (after tracking in early- and mid-tracking countries) were established for the domains of reading, math and science and then meta-analyzed. Results show that in early- and mid-tracking countries WSAV decreased significantly only in the domain of reading but not in math or science. In late-tracking countries WSAV did not change significantly in any domain. On the other hand, BSAV increased largely in early-tracking countries across all domains, whereas it did not change significantly in mid- and late-tracking countries (except for the domain of reading in mid-tracking countries). In sum, a small homogenization of students within schools comes of the expense of a markable heterogenization between schools in early-tracking countries. Results show that between-school tracking is less efficient in establishing homogeneous learning environments than often assumed.

跟踪的一个关键论点是，在能力更均匀的学生群体中，教学更容易、更有效。这些积极的影响是基于一个隐含的假设，即跟踪使学习小组在学术上更加同质。本研究探讨校际追踪后，校内成就变异是否真的减少，同时校际成就变异如何发展。2011年国际阅读能力研究进展（PIRLS）、2011年数学和科学趋势研究（TIMSS）以及2018年国际学生评估计划（PISA）的学生个人数据被整合到一个伪小组中，其中包括来自40个国家的631,368名学生。四年级学生（在所有国家跟踪之前）和15岁学生（在早期和中期跟踪国家之后）在阅读、数学和科学领域的WSAV和BSAV差异被确立，然后进行元分析。结果表明，在早期和中期跟踪国家，WSAV仅在阅读领域显著下降，而在数学或科学领域则没有。在跟踪较晚的国家，WSAV在任何领域都没有显著变化。另一方面，BSAV在早期跟踪国家的所有领域都大幅增加，而在中期和后期跟踪国家则没有显著变化（除了中期跟踪国家的阅读领域）。总而言之，在早期跟踪的国家，学校内部学生的小同质化是以学校之间显著的异质性为代价的。结果表明，校际跟踪在建立同质学习环境方面的效率比通常认为的要低。

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引用次数: 0

Leaving for more or settling for less: Gendered salary trajectories after leaving academia 追求更多还是满足更少：离开学术界后的性别薪酬轨迹

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101132

Anne Maaike Mulders , Christoph Janietz , Bas Hofstra , Jochem Tolsma

As the population of PhDs increases, a growing share of researchers find employment outside of academia after doctorate receipt. This attrition is higher among women. While prior studies find that doctoral recipients who work outside academia tend to earn more, some only find these wage premiums for men. Such findings are primarily based on scholars who leave academia immediately after the PhD where wage inequality is often examined over a limited timeframe. We extend on these studies by examining the gendered salary developments among PhDs who have started a career in academia over a period up to 17 years after obtaining doctorate. We use survey data from 4576 individuals who obtained doctorate at universities in the Netherlands, linked to longitudinal Dutch register data on salaries, job characteristics, and family composition. We detail our findings by examining different push and pull factors (i.e. temporary employment, work hours, having a young child, disciplinary background) that explain why men and women’s salaries may develop differently following a transition out of academia. Our results show that leaving academia initially increases wages, but slows wage growth over time. We find that women experience stronger immediate wage gains, but slower wage growth after a transition out of academia than men. While leaving academia may offer short-term financial benefits, particularly to women working part-time or on temporary contracts, it may ultimately limit their salary progression by restricting opportunities for promotion.

随着博士人数的增加，越来越多的研究人员在获得博士学位后找到了学术界以外的工作。这种损耗在女性中更高。虽然之前的研究发现，在学术界以外工作的博士学位获得者往往赚得更多，但一些研究发现，这种工资溢价只适用于男性。这些发现主要基于获得博士学位后立即离开学术界的学者，在学术界，工资不平等通常是在有限的时间范围内进行研究的。在这些研究的基础上，我们研究了在获得博士学位后长达17年的时间里，在学术界开始职业生涯的博士们的性别薪酬发展情况。我们使用了来自4576名在荷兰大学获得博士学位的个人的调查数据，并与荷兰纵向登记的工资、工作特征和家庭组成数据相关联。我们通过研究不同的推拉因素（即临时工作、工作时间、有小孩、学科背景）来详细说明我们的发现，这些因素解释了为什么男性和女性在离开学术界后薪水的发展可能会有所不同。我们的研究结果表明，离开学术界最初会增加工资，但随着时间的推移会减缓工资增长。我们发现，与男性相比，女性经历了更强的即时工资增长，但在退出学术界后，工资增长速度较慢。虽然离开学术界可能会带来短期的经济利益，特别是对兼职工作或签订临时合同的妇女来说，但它最终可能会限制她们的晋升机会，从而限制她们的工资增长。

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引用次数: 0

Stratification of post-birth labour supply in a high- and low- maternal employment regime 高、低产妇就业制度下的产后劳动力供给分层

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101133

Andreas Filser , Pascal Achard , Corinna Frodermann , Dana Müller , Sander Wagner

This paper compares the magnitude and stratification of motherhood employment penalties in France and Germany, two countries with contrasting institutional orientations towards maternal employment. While prior research has documented cross-national variation in the size of motherhood penalties, less is known about how macro-level contexts shape their stratification across socioeconomic groups. Using harmonized administrative employment data on 18,948 French and 72,632 German mothers, who were employed prior to first birth between 1997 and 2014, we estimate labour market participation trajectories for five years following childbirth. Across both countries, women with higher pre-birth income, higher education, and employment in higher-wage firms experience substantially smaller reductions in labour supply, with income emerging as the strongest stratifying dimension. Motherhood penalties are markedly smaller in France, amounting to less than one-third of the reduction observed in Germany. Yet penalties in France are more strongly stratified: mothers in the lowest income quintile experience participation losses 3.14 times larger than mothers in the highest quintile, compared to a ratio of 1.17 in Germany. Within Germany, East German mothers face smaller but more stratified penalties than West German mothers. Finally, we test whether the macro-level pattern of larger penalties associated with weaker stratification also generalizes to 65 NUTS-2 regions. We find no systematic association between the size and stratification of motherhood penalties at the regional level. The findings suggest that institutional contexts supporting high maternal employment reduce overall penalties but pose particular challenges for mothers from lower socio-economic backgrounds who reintegrate less rapidly into the labour market.

本文比较了法国和德国对母亲就业处罚的幅度和分层，这两个国家对母亲就业的制度取向截然不同。虽然先前的研究已经记录了母性惩罚大小的跨国差异，但对宏观层面的背景如何在社会经济群体中形成其分层却知之甚少。利用1997年至2014年间18948名法国母亲和72632名德国母亲的统一行政就业数据，我们估计了分娩后五年的劳动力市场参与轨迹。在这两个国家，产前收入较高、受过高等教育、在高工资公司工作的女性，其劳动力供应的减少幅度要小得多，收入成为最具分层性的因素。法国对母亲的惩罚要小得多，不到德国减少的三分之一。然而，在法国，惩罚的分层更加明显：收入最低的五分之一的母亲所遭受的参与损失是收入最高的五分之一的母亲的3.14倍，而在德国，这一比例为1.17倍。在德国国内，东德母亲面临的惩罚比西德母亲要小，但也更分层。最后，我们测试了是否更大的惩罚与较弱的分层相关的宏观水平模式也适用于65个nut -2地区。我们发现在区域层面上，母性惩罚的大小和分层之间没有系统的关联。研究结果表明，支持高产妇就业率的制度背景减少了总体惩罚，但对社会经济背景较低的母亲构成了特别的挑战，她们重新融入劳动力市场的速度较慢。

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引用次数: 0

Skills or credentials? How skill specific and standardized vocational training moderates the wages of occupational mismatches 技能还是证书？技能特异性和标准化的职业培训如何调节职业错配的工资

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101136

Kevin Alan Franz Ruf

This article examines the relationship between institutional features of vocational education and wage outcomes following occupational mismatches using a multidimensional mismatch framework. Drawing on German administrative data for early‑career male VET graduates, the analysis assesses how two institutional dimensions, training standardization and skill specificity, relate to wage returns for horizontal, vertical, and full mismatches. The results show that higher standardization negatively moderates wage outcomes for horizontal and full mismatches, while greater skill specificity is linked to reduced transferability and increases wage penalties for vertical mismatches. Individuals in full mismatches experience large baseline penalties that appear less conditioned by institutional features. Horizontal mismatches do not show wage penalties when multiple mismatch dimensions are considered simultaneously. These findings suggest that distinct institutional features of the training system, credential verification and skill transferability, relate to mismatch outcomes and contribute to stratification in early‑career wages.

本文使用多维错配框架考察职业教育制度特征与职业错配后工资结果之间的关系。利用德国职业生涯早期男性VET毕业生的行政数据，该分析评估了两个制度维度（培训标准化和技能专用性）与横向、纵向和完全错配的工资回报之间的关系。结果表明，更高的标准化对水平和完全错配的工资结果产生负调节作用，而更高的技能特异性与可转移性降低有关，并增加了垂直错配的工资惩罚。完全错配的个体会经历较大的基线惩罚，这种惩罚似乎较少受到制度特征的制约。当同时考虑多个不匹配维度时，水平不匹配不会显示工资处罚。这些发现表明，培训体系的独特制度特征、证书验证和技能可转移性与不匹配的结果有关，并导致了职业早期工资的分层。

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引用次数: 0

After dropout: Social stratification and the dynamics of educational re-entry in Spain 辍学后：西班牙社会分层和教育再入的动态

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101128

Jose David Lopez Blanco

This study investigates how social origin shapes second-chance educational trajectories among early school leavers in Spain. Specifically, we focus on youth who exited compulsory lower secondary education (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, ESO) without obtaining the basic credential. Using nationally representative longitudinal data and applying sequence analysis, event history models, and multinomial logistic regressions, we examine patterns of re-engagement, timing, and final educational outcomes. The results reveal strong and persistent stratification by parental education. Young people from tertiary-educated families are more likely to return to formal education, to re-engage earlier, and to pursue more coherent and upward-oriented vocational pathways. These findings extend the theory of compensatory advantage to a highly selected and vulnerable group, showing that class-based expectations remain remarkably resilient: when academic routes become inaccessible, advantaged families redirect their children toward more feasible yet still advantageous vocational alternatives. The analysis also highlights how opportunity structures shape these trajectories. Labour-market participation delays educational return for all early school leavers, but it also attenuates class differences by reducing reliance on family background; by contrast, unemployment magnifies social-origin gaps. Finally, the expansion of Basic Vocational Training (VT) has facilitated access to second-chance education, yet its role remains ambivalent: while it provides a route to qualification, it frequently acts as a de facto dead end for disadvantaged youth, many of whom do not progress to Medium or Higher VT. Overall, the study underscores the cumulative and class-contingent nature of second-chance opportunities and demonstrates how inequalities are reproduced beyond the initial moment of school leaving.

本研究调查了社会出身如何影响西班牙早期离校者的第二次教育轨迹。具体来说，我们关注的是那些没有获得基本证书就完成了初中义务教育（Educación Secundaria compulsory， ESO）的年轻人。利用具有全国代表性的纵向数据，应用序列分析、事件历史模型和多项逻辑回归，我们研究了再参与、时间安排和最终教育成果的模式。结果显示，父母教育造成了强烈而持久的分层。受过高等教育家庭的年轻人更有可能重返正规教育，更早地重新就业，并追求更连贯、更向上的职业道路。这些发现将补偿性优势理论扩展到一个高度选择性和弱势群体，表明基于阶级的期望仍然具有显著的弹性：当学术途径变得难以获得时，优势家庭将他们的孩子转向更可行但仍然有利的职业选择。分析还强调了机会结构如何塑造这些轨迹。劳动力市场的参与推迟了所有早期辍学者的教育回报，但它也通过减少对家庭背景的依赖来减弱阶级差异；相比之下，失业放大了社会出身差距。最后，基础职业培训（VT）的扩大促进了获得第二次教育的机会，但其作用仍然是矛盾的：虽然它提供了一条获得资格证书的途径，但它经常成为弱势青年事实上的死胡同，其中许多人无法进入中等或更高的VT。总体而言，该研究强调了第二次机会的累积性和阶级偶发性，并展示了不平等是如何在离开学校的最初时刻之后再现的。

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引用次数: 0

Temporary employment and further training. Does training promote the transition from temporary to permanent employment? 临时就业和进一步培训。培训是否促进了从临时就业到永久就业的转变？

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101130

Alexander Helbig, Martin Ehlert

The article analyses the returns to further training courses among a vulnerable group: the temporary employed. We address the important question of whether non-formal further training promotes the transition to permanent work and thus helps to escape precarious employment trajectories. According to human capital theory, work-related training increases workers’ productivity and might also serve as a positive signal to employers, as signaling theory suggests. On the other hand, firms may combine training and transitions to permanent jobs for selected workers. We use data from the German Educational Panel Study and apply event history models to test these conflicting theoretical assumptions. In general, the results suggest positive effects of non-formal further training on transitions to permanent work. Especially employer-funded training shows a strong correlation with transitions within the same firm, but not with transitions to other firms. This seems to be both due to signaling of motivation and firm internal pathways that combine training and transitions. Individual, self-funded training on the other hand does not seem to affect any transition chances further indicating that firm-internal mechanisms are more important than human capital development.

本文分析了弱势群体临时就业者进修课程的回报情况。我们解决了一个重要的问题，即非正规的进一步培训是否促进了向永久工作的过渡，从而有助于摆脱不稳定的就业轨迹。根据人力资本理论，与工作相关的培训提高了工人的生产力，也可能像信号理论所表明的那样，向雇主发出积极的信号。另一方面，公司可能会把培训和过渡到固定工作的选择工人结合起来。我们使用来自德国教育小组研究的数据，并应用事件历史模型来检验这些相互矛盾的理论假设。总的来说，结果表明非正规进一步培训对过渡到长期工作有积极影响。特别是雇主资助的培训显示出与同一公司内部的过渡有很强的相关性，但与向其他公司的过渡没有关系。这似乎是由于动机的信号和结合训练和过渡的坚定的内部途径。另一方面，个人自费培训似乎不影响任何过渡机会，这进一步表明公司内部机制比人力资本发展更重要。

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引用次数: 0

Does schooling increase or reduce inequality in achievement and conscientiousness in Denmark? 在丹麦，学校教育是增加还是减少了成绩和责任心方面的不平等？

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2026.101129

Simon Skovgaard Jensen

A growing body of research has established that schooling either reduces, socioeconomic inequality in achievement or contributes equally to student, achievement. However, much of this work focuses on the early years of education and, primarily examines achievement outcomes, with little known about the effects in later, years of school, and other outcomes. This study employs a Differential Exposure, Approach, which exploits (conditionally) random variation in test dates, to assess the, impact of schooling on both students’ reading achievement and conscientiousness.The analysis draws on data from a biennial mandatory reading test administered across all Danish public schools (grades 2–8), as well as a self-reported measure of conscientiousness from an annual mandatory school survey (grades 0–8) linked with the Danish administrative register data. Results indicate that schooling reduces students’ self-reported conscientiousness, whether this reduction reflects true changes to students’ underlying personality or merely reflect temporary school fatigue is unclear. The negative effects were similar across SES. The results show that school exposure enhances reading achievement across all grades, though the marginal returns from an additional month of schooling diminish as students grow older. Schooling reduces the achievement gap in second grade among students within the same schools; however, this effect does not persist in later grades.

越来越多的研究表明，学校教育要么减少了成就方面的社会经济不平等，要么对学生的成就有同样的贡献。然而，这方面的工作大多集中在早期教育上，主要考察成绩结果，而对后来的影响、学校岁月和其他结果知之甚少。本研究采用差异暴露方法，利用（有条件地）随机变化的测试日期来评估学校教育对学生阅读成绩和责任心的影响。该分析利用了丹麦所有公立学校（2-8年级）每两年进行一次的强制性阅读测试的数据，以及与丹麦行政登记数据相关的年度强制性学校调查（0-8年级）中自我报告的尽责性衡量标准。结果表明，学校教育降低了学生自我报告的严谨性，这种降低是否反映了学生潜在人格的真实变化或仅仅反映了暂时的学校疲劳尚不清楚。在SES中，负面影响是相似的。结果表明，学校教育提高了所有年级的阅读成绩，尽管随着学生年龄的增长，额外一个月的学校教育的边际回报会减少。学校教育减少了同一学校学生二年级的成绩差距；然而，这种影响在以后的年级中并不持续。

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引用次数: 0

Personality traits and hiring: Exploring employer preferences through a vignette study in Japan 性格特征与招聘：通过日本的一项小插图研究探索雇主偏好

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101111

Kohei Toyonaga

Although noncognitive skills and personality traits are widely recognized as crucial for understanding social inequality, their effects on labor market outcomes remain underexplored. This study investigates how employers evaluate personality traits of job seekers, focusing on Japan, where the widespread adoption of the Synthetic Personality Inventory (SPI)—a screening tool that combines cognitive ability and personality assessments—has made these traits visible from the early stages of the hiring process. Using a vignette experiment, the study finds that when personality traits are visible, employers use this information to decide whom to interview, underscoring the growing importance of personality traits in hiring decisions. However, elite companies are not necessarily more likely than non-elite companies to rely on such traits in the screening process. Instead, they continue to emphasize traditional signals such as educational background. These findings suggest that educational expansion and technological advancements may reshape how employers assess job candidates, potentially leading to an even greater emphasis on personality-based screening. Nonetheless, educational credentials remain a key prerequisite for access to the upper tiers of the labor market, regardless of the visibility of applicants’ cognitive and noncognitive skills.

尽管非认知技能和人格特征被广泛认为是理解社会不平等的关键，但它们对劳动力市场结果的影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究调查了雇主如何评估求职者的性格特征，并以日本为研究对象。日本广泛采用了综合性格量表（SPI）——一种结合认知能力和性格评估的筛选工具——从招聘过程的早期阶段就可以看出这些特征。通过一个小插图实验，该研究发现，当个性特征显而易见时，雇主会利用这些信息来决定面试谁，这突显出个性特征在招聘决策中的重要性日益增强。然而，精英公司并不一定比非精英公司更有可能在筛选过程中依赖这些特征。相反，他们继续强调教育背景等传统信号。这些发现表明，教育的扩大和技术的进步可能会重塑雇主评估求职者的方式，有可能导致雇主更加强调基于个性的筛选。尽管如此，教育证书仍然是进入劳动力市场上层的关键先决条件，无论申请人的认知和非认知技能是否可见。

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引用次数: 0