Research in Social Stratification and Mobility最新文献_第3页

Is temporary employment a stepping stone for unemployed immigrants? 临时工作是失业移民的垫脚石吗？

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101092

Dries Lens, Kilian Van Looy, Ive Marx

This study investigates whether temporary employment serves as a stepping stone or a trap for unemployed job seekers in Belgium, with a focus on differences between migrant and native-born populations. Using panel data from the Belgian Labour Force Survey (2017–2024) and propensity score matching, we estimate the short-term effects of entering temporary work on employment, permanent employment, and wages. Compared to remaining unemployed, temporary work significantly increases the likelihood of being employed and holding a permanent contract one year later, though it does not lead to higher wages. These benefits are broadly similar for migrant and native-born workers, but not all migrant subgroups benefit equally. Immigrant women, in particular, experience smaller gains than men, highlighting persistent gendered barriers to labour market integration. By contrast, differences by region of origin and length of stay are not significant. The positive effects of temporary employment are evident across contract types and occupational skill levels, with no consistent advantage for fixed-term over agency jobs. A complementary analysis shows that while temporary work outperforms continued unemployment, it yields substantially lower returns than entering permanent employment. Overall, temporary employment should be viewed neither as a panacea nor as a trap, but as a pathway offering modest, uneven, yet generally positive returns for diverse unemployed job seekers.

这项研究调查了临时工作是比利时失业求职者的垫脚石还是陷阱，重点关注移民和本地出生人口之间的差异。利用比利时劳动力调查（2017-2024）的面板数据和倾向得分匹配，我们估计了进入临时工作对就业、永久就业和工资的短期影响。与失业相比，临时工作大大增加了一年后被雇用并持有永久合同的可能性，尽管它不会导致更高的工资。这些福利对移民和本地出生的工人来说大致相似，但并不是所有的移民群体都同样受益。特别是移民妇女的收入比男子少，这突出了劳动力市场一体化方面持续存在的性别障碍。相比之下，原籍地区和逗留时间的差异并不显著。临时就业的积极影响在合同类型和职业技能水平上都很明显，定期工作没有固定的优势。一项补充分析表明，虽然临时工作的表现优于持续失业，但它的回报远低于进入永久就业。总的来说，临时就业既不应被视为灵丹妙药，也不应被视为陷阱，而是一条为不同的失业求职者提供适度、不均衡但总体上是积极回报的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Labor force attachment, college majors, and the gender earnings gap 劳动力依附、大学专业和性别收入差距

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101107

Mei-Yu Kuo, Vincent J. Roscigno

Workplace stratification research has been clear regarding ongoing earnings inequalities by gender and how both family dynamics and long-term employment may be playing a role. Gender gaps in both earnings and labor force integration, however, may also be partially shaped by divergences in post-secondary educational backgrounds. In this article, we draw on NLSY97 data and interrogate gender wage inequalities among college educated individuals in the U.S., how they may be tied to distinct fields of study, and the implications especially for labor force attachment and detachment over time. Results show clear divergences and significant contemporary baccalaureate underrepresentation of women in STEM fields—i.e., fields where eventual labor force attachment and wages tend to be highest. Although well-represented among non-STEM degree holders, women’s wage returns to these degrees are depressed relative to their male counterparts; a pattern partly tied to women’s concentration in “applied” fields of study that tend to lead to care-centered forms of employment. Further analyses show how observable earnings gaps across majors are partly a consequence of differences in labor force attachment across time; and that earnings benefits associated with labor force attachment are nearly double for men than for women. We conclude by discussing the stratified gender pipeline in educational pathways, its implications for employment integration and, consequently, ongoing earnings gaps.

职场分层研究已经明确指出了持续的性别收入不平等，以及家庭动态和长期就业可能发挥的作用。然而，收入和劳动力整合方面的性别差距也可能部分由高等教育背景的差异造成。在这篇文章中，我们利用NLSY97的数据，调查了美国受过大学教育的个体之间的性别工资不平等，他们是如何与不同的学习领域联系在一起的，尤其是随着时间的推移，对劳动力依恋和脱离的影响。结果显示出明显的差异，当代学士学位女性在STEM领域的代表性明显不足。在美国，最终的劳动力依附和工资往往最高的领域。尽管在非stem学位持有者中，女性的比例很高，但与男性相比，获得这些学位的女性的工资回报率很低；这种模式部分与妇女集中于“应用”研究领域有关，这些领域往往导致以护理为中心的就业形式。进一步的分析表明，不同专业之间可观察到的收入差距在一定程度上是不同时期劳动力依恋差异的结果；与劳动力依附相关的收入收益，男性几乎是女性的两倍。最后，我们讨论了教育途径中分层的性别管道，其对就业整合的影响，以及由此导致的持续收入差距。

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引用次数: 0

Inequalities in early childhood education and care by immigrant background 移民背景在幼儿教育和照料方面的不平等

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101110

Andreas Ljungström , Carina Mood

Children with foreign-born parents attend early childhood education and care (ECEC) to a lower extent than native-background children in most European countries. This enrolment gap persists even in countries with universal right to ECEC, suggesting that structural constraints alone cannot explain it. This article examines (1) whether lower ECEC enrolment in Sweden is particularly pronounced among immigrant-origin groups known to experience later educational disadvantages, and (2) whether immigrant-background children face disadvantages in ECEC quality. We use data from the Swedish pre-school register 2014–2023, linked to parents’ sociodemographic characteristics. Enrolment differences are examined using longitudinal competing risk models, considering emigration as a competing risk. ECEC quality indicators are assessed using descriptive statistics and OLS models. We find that the enrolment gap is primarily driven by lower enrolment among non-refugee migrant children who subsequently emigrate before compulsory school. The conclusion is that increasing ECEC enrolment in Sweden is unlikely to reduce later educational inequalities as those not enrolled will rarely attend Swedish schools. More generally, in contexts with high levels of temporary migration, lower ECEC participation should not automatically be seen as a risk factor for later inequality. Moreover, we find that structural indicators of ECEC quality—such as teacher density, qualifications, and turnover—are similar between immigrant- and native-background children. However, children of immigrant background attend ECEC centres with more immigrant-background peers and foreign-born teachers, which can potentially affect their language development and later outcomes.

在大多数欧洲国家，父母在外国出生的儿童参加早期儿童教育和护理（ECEC）的程度低于本土背景的儿童。即使在享有普遍ECEC权利的国家，这种入学差距仍然存在，这表明仅靠结构限制不能解释这种差距。本文研究了(1)瑞典ECEC的低入学率是否在移民群体中特别明显，这些移民群体后来经历了教育劣势，以及(2)移民背景的儿童是否在ECEC质量方面面临劣势。我们使用了2014-2023年瑞典学前登记的数据，并将其与父母的社会人口统计学特征联系起来。考虑到移民是一种竞争风险，采用纵向竞争风险模型来检验入学差异。使用描述性统计和OLS模型评估ECEC质量指标。我们发现，入学率差距主要是由于非难民移民儿童的入学率较低，这些儿童随后在义务教育之前移民。结论是，在瑞典增加ECEC的入学率不太可能减少后来的教育不平等，因为那些没有入学的人很少会在瑞典学校上学。更一般地说，在临时移民水平较高的情况下，较低的ECEC参与率不应自动被视为日后不平等的风险因素。此外，我们发现ECEC质量的结构指标，如教师密度、资格和流动率，在移民和本土背景的孩子之间是相似的。然而，移民背景的孩子在ECEC中心有更多的移民背景的同龄人和外国出生的老师，这可能会影响他们的语言发展和后来的成就。

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引用次数: 0

The educational wealth divide in Europe: Post-secondary enrollment gaps across parental wealth components and countries 欧洲的教育财富鸿沟：父母财富组成部分和国家之间的高等教育入学率差距

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101086

Andrea Pietrolucci , Jascha Dräger , Nora Müller , Marco Albertini

Parental wealth is a crucial dimension of socioeconomic status (SES) and plays a significant role in the intergenerational transmission of educational advantage. Previous research on the topic has been limited to a small number of countries, and findings on the relationship between parental wealth and educational attainment are hardly comparable across institutional contexts. Furthermore, the specific role of different wealth components remains unclear. This study addresses these gaps by comparing parental wealth-based inequalities in post-secondary enrollment across 15 European countries, using harmonized Household Finance and Consumption Survey data. We assess how different dimensions of parental wealth – net, real, and financial – relate to children's post-secondary enrollment, and how these associations vary across institutional contexts. Our findings reveal substantial enrollment gaps between high- and low-wealth families in all countries, with these disparities remaining significant in ten countries even after accounting for other parental SES dimensions. When considering net wealth, we observe the largest enrollment gaps in Southern and Eastern Europe and smaller gaps in most Continental countries. However, most of country differences are not statistically significant. Real wealth, particularly housing assets, is the strongest predictor of enrollment, whereas the role of household debt is more context-dependent. These results underscore the importance of disaggregating wealth components and considering the specific national context when assessing wealth-related educational inequalities.

父母财富是社会经济地位（SES）的一个重要维度，在教育优势的代际传递中起着重要作用。以前对这一主题的研究仅限于少数国家，而且关于父母财富和受教育程度之间关系的研究结果很难在不同的制度背景下进行比较。此外，不同财富组成部分的具体作用仍不清楚。本研究使用统一的家庭财务和消费调查数据，通过比较15个欧洲国家的父母在中学后入学方面基于财富的不平等，解决了这些差距。我们评估了父母财富的不同维度——净财富、实际财富和财务财富——与孩子中学后入学的关系，以及这些联系在不同的制度背景下是如何变化的。我们的研究结果显示，所有国家的高财富家庭和低财富家庭之间的入学率存在巨大差距，即使在考虑了父母的其他社会经济地位维度后，这些差距在10个国家仍然显著。在考虑净财富时，我们观察到南欧和东欧的入学差距最大，而大多数欧洲大陆国家的差距较小。然而，大多数国家的差异在统计上并不显著。实际财富，尤其是住房资产，是入学率的最强预测指标，而家庭债务的作用则更依赖于具体情况。这些结果强调了在评估与财富相关的教育不平等时，分解财富组成部分和考虑具体国家背景的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

The gendered value of education in the ‘college-for-all’ era and the role of literacy and numeracy skills “全民大学”时代教育的性别价值以及识字和算术技能的作用

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101074

Dafna Gelbgiser , Limor Gabay-Egozi

Despite attaining higher education levels than ever before, women continue to earn less than men. Using data from 26 countries obtained from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), we examine how the supply of college-educated adults shapes gender differences in the value of educational attainment in today's labor market. Our analysis reveals two interrelated processes that disadvantage women. First, in high-supply contexts, women acquire college credentials at higher rates but are more constrained in acquiring high cognitive skills, particularly numeracy, leading to a misalignment between their credentials and skills. Second, in high-supply contexts, the returns to college credentials in accessing high pay decrease for both genders, while the importance of cognitive skills remains stable. Cognitive skills are increasingly vital in high-supply contexts, particularly for women, but college credentials remain a stronger safeguard against low pay. These results shed light on the gendered patterns of rewards to education across supply contexts and the income distribution, providing insights into the different incentives of men and women to pursue education and the stalling of the gender gap. Addressing the gender pay gap requires a comprehensive approach that both enhances educational attainment and prioritizes the development of high cognitive skills, particularly among women.

尽管女性的受教育程度比以往任何时候都高，但她们的收入仍然低于男性。利用国际成人能力评估项目（PIAAC）提供的来自26个国家的数据，我们研究了受过大学教育的成年人的供应如何影响当今劳动力市场中受教育程度价值的性别差异。我们的分析揭示了对女性不利的两个相互关联的过程。首先，在高供给的背景下，女性获得大学文凭的比例更高，但在获得高认知技能（尤其是计算能力）方面受到更多限制，导致她们的文凭和技能之间不一致。其次，在高供给背景下，大学文凭在获得高薪方面的回报对男女都有所下降，而认知技能的重要性保持稳定。认知技能在高供给环境中越来越重要，尤其是对女性来说，但大学文凭仍然是抵御低薪的更有力保障。这些结果揭示了教育奖励在供给背景和收入分配中的性别模式，为男性和女性追求教育的不同动机和性别差距的停滞提供了见解。解决性别工资差距问题需要采取综合办法，既要提高受教育程度，又要优先发展高认知技能，特别是在妇女中。

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引用次数: 0

On the wrong track? Perceived track mismatch among ethnic minority and majority students in the German education system 在错误的轨道上？在德国教育系统中，少数民族学生和多数民族学生的轨道不匹配

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101085

Claudia Diehl, Katja Pomianowicz, Thomas Hinz

This paper explores why ethnic minority students are more likely than majority students to believe that they should attend a higher educational track. Based on a survey of seventh-grade students in Germany, we examine two explanations for this “perception gap.” First, minority students may be more likely than majority students to be placed in a track that is too low for them (“exposure” to unfair treatment). Second, minority students, who are more frequently enrolled in the lowest educational tracks and are often the children of highly ambitious parents, may feel a greater need to attribute limited educational success to unfair treatment in order to protect their self-esteem (“ex-post rationalization of a lack of success”). We find little evidence for the “exposure" mechanism. Instead, the “perception gap” between majority and minority students largely reflects their more frequent enrollment in the lowest, stigmatized track of the education system and their parents' high, unmet educational aspirations.

本文探讨了为什么少数民族学生比大多数学生更有可能认为他们应该参加高等教育的轨道。基于对德国七年级学生的调查，我们对这种“认知差距”进行了两种解释。首先，少数族裔学生可能比多数族裔学生更有可能被安排在对他们来说太低的轨道上（“暴露”于不公平待遇）。其次，少数族裔学生往往就读于教育水平最低的课程，而且往往是雄心勃勃的父母的孩子，他们可能更有必要将有限的教育成就归咎于不公平的待遇，以保护自己的自尊（“事后为缺乏成功进行合理化”）。我们几乎没有发现“暴露”机制的证据。相反，多数学生和少数族裔学生之间的“认知差距”在很大程度上反映了他们更频繁地进入教育系统中最低、最受歧视的班级，以及他们父母对教育的高远、未实现的愿望。

引用次数: 0

Inherent advantage: The multidimensional and cumulative nature of intergenerational associations in degree attainment 内在优势：在学位获得方面代际关联的多维性和累积性

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101090

Sigal Alon , Oded Mcdossi

The literature documents significant intergenerational associations in degree attainment. However, as returns to academic credentials vary increasingly due to rising stratification by both degree level and type, a more detailed understanding of parent-child linkages is required. This study addresses this challenge by assessing the multidimensional and cumulative nature of intergenerational associations in degree attainment. Using rich administrative data, we compare parents’ and children’s educational attainment across three dimensions: degree level, institutional selectivity, and the generation-specific earnings rank of field of study (FOS). We evaluate the multiple channels (within- and cross-dimensions) for intergenerational associations, and measure the accumulation and configurations of credential advantages at the household and child levels. Our findings point to strong intergenerational correlations, both within and across the three dimensions. The parental household accumulation and configuration of advantages shape the child’s accumulation and configuration of credentials. Overall, intergenerational linkages in degree attainment are more heterogeneous and diffuse than previously recognized, suggesting that prior scholarship underestimates the extent of the transmission of advantage.

文献记录了显著的代际关系在学位获得。然而，由于学位水平和类型的分层日益加深，对学历证书的回报差异越来越大，因此需要更详细地了解亲子关系。本研究通过评估学位获得的代际关联的多维性和累积性来解决这一挑战。利用丰富的行政数据，我们在三个维度上比较了父母和孩子的受教育程度：学位水平、机构选择性和研究领域的代际特定收入排名（FOS）。我们评估了代际联系的多种渠道（内部和跨维度），并测量了家庭和儿童层面上证书优势的积累和配置。我们的研究结果表明，在三个维度内和跨越三个维度，存在很强的代际相关性。父母家庭优势的积累和配置塑造了孩子的资历积累和配置。总体而言，学位获得的代际联系比以前认识到的更加异构和分散，这表明先前的学术研究低估了优势传递的程度。

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引用次数: 0

Social class and earnings trajectories in the UK: New findings from a longitudinal analysis 英国的社会阶层和收入轨迹：纵向分析的新发现

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101089

Erzsébet Bukodi , John H. Goldthorpe , Leonie Westhoff

We identify and seek to address four questions arising from current analyses of the relation between social class positions and age-earnings trajectories that call for further research. First, how far are findings from earlier cross-sectional analyses confirmed if individuals’ earnings are treated longitudinally? Second, how far do differences show up in such trajectories within classes, thus suggesting heterogeneity in employment relations? Third, how far are individuals’ educational levels associated with the shapes of their earnings trajectories independently of their class positions? And, fourth, how far does the class mobility of individuals over the course of their working lives lead to changes in their earnings trajectories? We address these questions on the basis of a rich British dataset relating to men and women aged 21–60, born between1941 and 1990, and by treating earnings trajectories in relation to class through multilevel growth curve modelling. In general, we find that earlier findings are robust and that the association between class position and age-earnings trajectories for the most part follows theoretical expectations insofar as classes are defined in terms of differences in employment relations.

我们确定并寻求解决当前社会阶级地位和年龄收入轨迹之间关系的分析中出现的四个问题，这些问题需要进一步研究。首先，如果对个人收入进行纵向分析，早期横断面分析的结果能在多大程度上得到证实？其次，在阶级内部，这种轨迹的差异有多大，从而表明就业关系存在异质性？第三，个人的教育水平在多大程度上与他们独立于阶级地位的收入轨迹的形状相关？第四，个人在职业生涯中的阶级流动性对其收入轨迹的影响有多大？我们基于一个丰富的英国数据集来解决这些问题，该数据集涉及1941年至1990年间出生的21-60岁男性和女性，并通过多层次增长曲线建模来处理与阶级相关的收入轨迹。总的来说，我们发现早期的发现是强有力的，阶级地位和年龄-收入轨迹之间的联系在很大程度上遵循理论预期，因为阶级是根据就业关系的差异来定义的。

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引用次数: 0

Did social change strengthen genetic associations? Gendered educational attainment before and after German reunification 社会变革是否加强了遗传联系？德国统一前后受教育程度的性别差异

IF 2 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101091

Christoph Spörlein , Gundula Zoch , Elmar Schlueter

Recent research on post-socialist societies demonstrates that as institutional barriers decline, the genetic associations with educational attainment become more pronounced. However, existing studies have only partially considered the role of gender in this process. To address this gap in the literature, this study examines gendered genetic associations with educational attainment in Germany before and after reunification. Using Gene-SOEP data (N = 1573) and stepwise OLS regression, we analyze polygenic scores across cohorts (1943–1992) in East Germany (German Democratic Republic, GDR) and West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany, FRG). Our findings reveal that genetic associations with educational attainment increased over time, thereby reducing gender-based educational inequality in both regions. However, this positive trend began at lower levels of gender inequality and exhibited an earlier erosion of these differences in the FRG. Despite promoting gender equality, the GDR’s policies alone were insufficient to eliminate gender-based differences in genetic educational attainment.

最近对后社会主义社会的研究表明，随着制度障碍的减少，基因与受教育程度的联系变得更加明显。然而，现有的研究只是部分地考虑了性别在这一过程中的作用。为了解决文献中的这一差距，本研究考察了德国统一前后性别遗传与受教育程度的关系。使用Gene-SOEP数据（N = 1573）和逐步OLS回归，我们分析了东德（德意志民主共和国，GDR）和西德（德意志联邦共和国，FRG） 1943-1992年的多基因评分。我们的研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，遗传与受教育程度的关联增加，从而减少了两个地区基于性别的教育不平等。然而，这一积极趋势始于较低程度的性别不平等，并在FRG中较早地显示出这些差异的侵蚀。尽管促进了性别平等，但德意志民主共和国的政策本身不足以消除遗传教育成就方面的性别差异。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of economic fluctuations on health inequalities in Europe: Evidence from 29 countries between 2005 and 2015 经济波动对欧洲卫生不平等的影响：2005年至2015年来自29个国家的证据

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101073

Jad Moawad

There is ongoing debate regarding the impact of economic recessions on health outcomes. Additionally, prior research yields conflicting results on whether economic recessions widen the health disparity between highly educated and less educated individuals. We investigate this issue by examining the impact of the Great Recession and the subsequent double-dip recession on health disparities, using cross-classified multilevel models. We use longitudinal data from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) covering 29 countries from 2005 to 2015. Our findings reveal compelling evidence that the Great Recession and the subsequent double-dip recession significantly widened the health disparity between individuals with lower and higher levels of education. Conversely, our results indicate that austerity measures, specifically reductions in health spending, narrowed this health gap between low and high educated.

关于经济衰退对健康结果的影响，目前正在进行辩论。此外，关于经济衰退是否会扩大高学历和低学历人群之间的健康差距，先前的研究得出了相互矛盾的结果。我们通过使用交叉分类多层次模型，考察大衰退和随后的双底衰退对健康差距的影响，来研究这一问题。我们使用了欧盟收入和生活条件统计（EU- silc）的纵向数据，涵盖了2005年至2015年的29个国家。我们的研究结果提供了令人信服的证据，表明大衰退和随后的双底衰退显著扩大了受教育程度较高和较低个人之间的健康差距。相反，我们的研究结果表明，紧缩措施，特别是卫生支出的减少，缩小了低学历和高学历之间的健康差距。

引用次数: 0