Research in Social Stratification and Mobility最新文献_第5页

Do spatial inequalities explain social disparities in mismatch in Chilean higher education? 空间不平等能解释智利高等教育不匹配的社会差异吗？

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101072

Danilo Kuzmanic

Socially disadvantaged students entering higher education often enrol in less selective programs than they could aim for, resulting in diminished labour market outcomes. Drawing from administrative data on first-year entrants to higher education in Chile in 2018, this study addresses socioeconomic disparities in the mismatch between students' academic achievement and the labour market outcomes of their degrees, focusing on the role of geographic proximity. The uneven geographic access to degrees aligning with students' achievement is critical to understanding the high socioeconomic disparities in Chilean higher education. I show that these disparities would remain practically unchanged even if students enrolled in their best-matched degrees within 50 kilometres of their locality. Moreover, I find no socioeconomic disparities between students with nearby matching degrees, whereas high differences arise between students residing far away from suitable options. This study highlights the geographical challenges in addressing mismatch disparities in a high-participation higher education system.

进入高等教育的社会弱势学生通常选择的课程比他们预期的要少，导致劳动力市场的结果下降。根据2018年智利高等教育一年级入学学生的行政数据，本研究解决了学生学业成绩与学位在劳动力市场上的结果不匹配带来的社会经济差异，重点关注地理邻近的作用。与学生成绩相匹配的学位的地理分布不均，对于理解智利高等教育中高度的社会经济差异至关重要。我指出，即使学生在离当地50公里的地方攻读最匹配的学位，这些差异实际上也不会改变。此外，我发现学位相近的学生之间没有社会经济差异，而离合适的学位很远的学生之间的社会经济差异很大。本研究强调了在高参与高等教育体系中解决不匹配差异的地理挑战。

引用次数: 0

Duration of child home care allowance period and school success: Differences by parental education level and ethnic origins 儿童在家照顾津贴期限与学业成绩：父母教育程度及族裔的差异

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101063

Markus Laaninen

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) participation is a key mechanism for narrowing the achievement gap between children from different family backgrounds. ECEC particularly benefits children with immigrant backgrounds by providing earlier exposure to the host country language, which boosts later school performance. We employ family fixed-effects regression models and high-quality Finnish register data to examine the association between the duration of the child home care allowance (HCA)—a special feature of Finnish family policy and the main counterfactual for child care services—and school success (as measured by literacy grade at the end of elementary education), parental education, and ethnic origins. In addition to showing that the duration of the HCA period is negatively linked to the school success of children of less educated mothers, this study shows that this duration is negatively associated with the school success of children of immigrants in universal ECEC.

幼儿教育与保育（ECEC）参与是缩小不同家庭背景儿童之间成就差距的关键机制。ECEC特别有利于移民背景的儿童，因为他们可以更早地接触东道国的语言，从而提高以后的学习成绩。我们采用家庭固定效应回归模型和高质量的芬兰登记数据来检验儿童家庭照顾津贴（HCA）的持续时间（HCA是芬兰家庭政策的一个特殊特征，也是儿童照顾服务的主要反事实）与学校成就（以小学教育结束时的识字等级衡量）、父母教育和种族血统之间的关系。除了表明HCA期的持续时间与受教育程度较低的母亲的孩子的学校成功呈负相关外，这项研究还表明，这种持续时间与普遍ECEC的移民孩子的学校成功呈负相关。

引用次数: 0

Neoliberalism and labor's long decline: Financialization, precaritization, and union density in the American states, 1964–2023 新自由主义与劳工的长期衰落：1964-2023年美国各州的金融化、不稳定化和工会密度

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101031

Michael Wallace , Todd E. Vachon , Andrew S. Fullerton

Despite encouraging efforts at union revitalization, the long-term decline of union density in the U.S. continues. In this paper, we examine the influence of two master processes of neoliberal capitalism contributing to that decline that have received insufficient attention in previous research—the financialization of the economy and precaritization of work. Using longitudinal data for the 50 U.S. states for 1964–2023, we conduct a state-level analysis and find that both financialization and precaritization negatively affect union density net of other covariates. Consistent with our expectations, we further find that these effects are historically and regionally contingent. That is, the negative effects of financialization and precaritization are confined mainly to the neoliberal period (1981–2023) and to Non-southern states. We further find that these effects of financialization and precaritization on union density differed before, during, and after the Great Recession, suggesting that the Recession had a disruptive influence on these relationships. We discuss the relevance of these findings for the future vibrancy of the union movement.

尽管鼓励重振工会的努力，但美国工会密度的长期下降仍在继续。在本文中，我们研究了新自由主义资本主义的两个主要过程对这种衰退的影响，这两个过程在以前的研究中没有得到足够的重视——经济的金融化和工作的不稳定化。使用纵向数据的50 美国研究发现，金融化和不稳定化都会对其他协变量的联合密度网产生负面影响。与我们的预期一致，我们进一步发现这些影响是历史和区域偶然的。也就是说，金融化和不稳定化的负面影响主要局限于新自由主义时期（1981-2023）和非南方国家。我们进一步发现，金融化和不稳定化对工会密度的影响在大衰退之前、期间和之后都有所不同，这表明经济衰退对这些关系产生了破坏性影响。我们将讨论这些发现与工会运动未来活力的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Doing gender and the surname choices of married women 做性别和已婚妇女的姓氏选择

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101060

Florencia Torche , Alisa Feldman , Tyler W. McDaniel

Marital surname choices reflect deeply embedded, often unspoken gender norms. According to the marital exchange/bargaining approach, women are more likely to adopt their husband’s surname when they have lower status—measured by education or earnings—relative to their spouse. In contrast, the compensatory gender display approach suggests that women may also take their husband’s name when their status exceeds their husband’s, to compensate for their deviation from traditional gender roles. Using natality data from 2000 to 2021, we find consistent evidence supporting compensatory gender display. Women in different-sex marriages are more likely to take their husband’s surname both when they have lower and higher educational status than their husband, with the likelihood increasing as the educational gap grows. Notably, wives with more education than their husbands have remained especially likely to adopt their husband’s name over the past two decades—even as women have increasingly outpaced men in educational attainment and such marriages have become more common. These findings highlight the enduring power of gendered expectations and reveal how traditional gender norms continue to reinforce male dominance in the symbolic realm of naming, despite women’s rising status.

夫妻姓氏的选择反映了根深蒂固的、往往是不言而喻的性别规范。根据婚姻交换/讨价还价的方式，当女性的地位（以教育或收入衡量）低于其配偶时，她们更有可能采用丈夫的姓氏。与此相反，补偿性性别显示方法表明，当女性的地位超过丈夫时，她们也可能随丈夫的姓，以补偿她们对传统性别角色的偏离。利用2000年至2021年的出生数据，我们发现了支持补偿性性别表现的一致证据。在不同性别的婚姻中，女性无论受教育程度比丈夫低还是高，都更有可能随丈夫的姓，这种可能性随着受教育程度差距的扩大而增加。值得注意的是，在过去20年里，受教育程度高于丈夫的妻子尤其有可能随丈夫的姓——尽管女性的受教育程度日益超过男性，这种婚姻也变得越来越普遍。这些发现突出了性别期望的持久力量，并揭示了传统的性别规范如何继续加强男性在命名的象征性领域的主导地位，尽管女性的地位不断上升。

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引用次数: 0

Immigrant optimism in Ireland: Parental expectations of children’s educational attainment 爱尔兰移民的乐观主义：父母对孩子受教育程度的期望

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101066

Mengxuan Li , Yekaterina Chzhen

This study investigates the differences in educational expectations between immigrant and native parents in Ireland, a context known for high tertiary attainment but with limited research on migration-related educational inequalities. Using longitudinal data from the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study, we examine how parental expectations align with children's previous academic performance, focusing on families with diverse migration backgrounds. The analysis includes various socio-demographic factors, such as family socio-economic status and cognitive test scores at age 9. The results reveal generally high educational expectations among immigrant parents compared to their native counterparts, particularly those from Asian, Eastern European, and African origins. However, these immigrant parents' expectations often do not correspond with their children's actual academic performance, highlighting a "paradox of immigrant optimism." In contrast, native Irish parents and those from Western Europe exhibit more realistic expectations aligned with their children's cognitive abilities. Furthermore, the study shows that immigrant parents with higher education levels are more likely to have realistic expectations regarding their children’s educational prospects. These findings contribute to our understanding of educational inequalities and the factors influencing educational aspirations in a context of increasing cultural diversity. Future research should further explore the cultural and structural factors shaping these expectations.

本研究调查了爱尔兰移民和本地父母之间教育期望的差异，爱尔兰以高等教育成就高而闻名，但对移民相关教育不平等的研究有限。利用来自爱尔兰成长研究（GUI）的纵向数据，我们研究了父母的期望如何与孩子以前的学习成绩相一致，重点关注具有不同移民背景的家庭。该分析包括各种社会人口因素，如家庭社会经济地位和9岁时的认知测试分数。研究结果显示，与本国父母相比，移民父母对教育的期望普遍较高，尤其是那些来自亚洲、东欧和非洲的父母。然而，这些移民父母的期望往往与他们孩子的实际学习成绩不符，这凸显了“移民乐观主义的悖论”。相比之下，爱尔兰本土父母和西欧父母表现出更现实的期望，与孩子的认知能力相一致。此外，研究表明，受教育程度较高的移民父母更有可能对孩子的教育前景抱有现实的期望。这些发现有助于我们理解教育不平等以及在文化多样性日益增加的背景下影响教育愿望的因素。未来的研究应进一步探讨塑造这些期望的文化和结构因素。

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引用次数: 0

Social network effects on educational inequality: The role of similarity bias in social influence 教育不平等的社会网络效应：相似性偏差在社会影响中的作用

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101071

Till Hovestadt , Georg Lorenz

How do social networks affect educational inequality? Previous theory suggests that inequality is reinforced by a lack of social influence between social groups, while intergroup social influence could diminish inequality. According to this view, friendships between students with different socioeconomic status (SES) might decrease educational inequality due to cross-SES social influence. An underlying assumption is that social influence occurs ubiquitously across all friendships. We challenge this assumption and suggest that friends with the same SES exert stronger influence on each other than friends with a dissimilar SES—a phenomenon known as similarity bias. We test whether similarity bias based on SES is relevant for social influence on educational aspirations using multilevel Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models on longitudinal data of 236 friendship networks in Germany and Sweden. Pointing towards similarity bias, our results show that social influence on educational aspirations is significantly stronger among same-SES friends than among cross-SES friends. Counterfactual simulations based on the SAOMs suggest that the absence of similarity bias would lead to decreases in the socioeconomic aspiration gap by up to 9 percent. We conclude that similarity bias can stabilize educational inequality even in socioeconomically mixed social settings.

社会网络如何影响教育不平等？先前的理论认为，社会群体之间缺乏社会影响会加剧不平等，而群体间的社会影响可以减少不平等。根据这一观点，不同社会经济地位（SES）的学生之间的友谊可能会由于跨SES的社会影响而减少教育不平等。一个潜在的假设是，社会影响在所有友谊中无处不在。我们对这一假设提出了挑战，并提出社会经济地位相同的朋友比社会经济地位不同的朋友对彼此的影响更大，这种现象被称为相似性偏见。我们在德国和瑞典的236个友谊网络的纵向数据上使用多层随机因素导向模型来检验基于SES的相似性偏差是否与社会对教育愿望的影响相关。指向相似性偏见，我们的研究结果表明，社会地位相同的朋友对教育愿望的社会影响明显强于社会地位不同的朋友。基于SAOMs的反事实模拟表明，相似性偏差的缺失将导致社会经济期望差距减少多达9%。我们的结论是，即使在社会经济混合的社会环境中，相似性偏见也可以稳定教育不平等。

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引用次数: 0

Educational trajectories of indigenous students in Chile: Horizontal stratification in secondary and tertiary education 智利土著学生的教育轨迹：中等和高等教育的水平分层

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101068

Andrea Alvarado-Urbina

Multiple studies connect ethnic background with uneven educational outcomes; this study contributes a novel perspective to the literature by attending to indigenous peoples’ experiences with vertical and horizontal dimensions of stratification in the Chilean school system. In particular, I investigate the transition from primary to secondary school and to higher education, comparing enrollment in academic and vocational tracks at the secondary and tertiary levels. With a series of logistic regressions, I study differences in these critical educational transitions associated with indigenous status, together with gender and location. Analyses of the 2012 seventh-grade cohort show that indigenous status increases the likelihood of enrolling in vocational high schools, but regarding the transition to higher education, indigenous status is only relevant when school SES is not included. Nevertheless, vocational high school graduates (where indigenous students concentrate) are less likely to enroll in higher education, and more likely to enroll in vocational instead of academic higher education programs. Overall, indigenous status has a clear impact on students' transition from middle school to high school, which has relevant consequences for the transition to higher education.

多项研究将种族背景与不平衡的教育结果联系起来；本研究通过关注智利学校系统中纵向和横向分层的土著人民经验，为文献提供了一个新颖的视角。特别地，我调查了从小学到中学再到高等教育的过渡，比较了中学和大学阶段学术和职业课程的招生情况。通过一系列的逻辑回归，我研究了这些关键的教育转变与土著地位、性别和地理位置相关的差异。对2012年七年级队列的分析表明，土著身份增加了进入职业高中的可能性，但就向高等教育的过渡而言，土著身份只有在不包括学校SES的情况下才有意义。然而，职业高中毕业生（土著学生集中的地方）不太可能参加高等教育，更有可能参加职业而不是学术高等教育项目。总体而言，土著身份对学生从初中到高中的过渡有明显的影响，这对学生向高等教育的过渡有相关的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Managerial decisions on older workers’ training: A vignette study on the interplay of worker and manager characteristics 年长工人培训的管理决策：工人与管理者特征相互作用的小研究

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101045

Jelle Lössbroek , Joop Schippers

Training could support older workers in working longer. However, their training participation is low and unequally divided, possibly reinforcing inequalities among older employees. We study managers to understand this inequality as they are key actors in deciding who receives training. We study which workers are selected, based on their employability, age and sex, depending on the country context. We use a vignette experiment among 482 managers across nine European countries. Managers gave ‘trainability scores’ to hypothetical employees indicating how likely these employees are to be selected for training. We analyse what drives their (inclined) decisions.

Results

show that managers prefer training employees who are already more employable, amplifying existing inequalities among older workers. Also, ‘older older’ employees receive lower trainability scores, particularly in countries with low average retirement ages. There was no support for the ‘gendered ageism’ argument: men and women were equally penalised for their age.

培训可以支持老年工人工作更长时间。然而，他们的培训参与度很低，而且分配不均，这可能加剧了年长员工之间的不平等。我们研究管理者是为了理解这种不平等，因为他们是决定谁接受培训的关键角色。我们根据就业能力、年龄和性别，根据国家情况，研究哪些工人被选中。我们在9个欧洲国家的482名管理者中进行了小插图实验。经理们给假设的员工打了“可培训性分数”，表明这些员工被选中接受培训的可能性有多大。我们分析是什么驱使他们做出（倾向的）决定。结果显示，管理者更喜欢培训那些已经更有就业能力的员工，这加剧了年长员工之间存在的不平等。此外，“年长”员工的可培训性得分较低，特别是在平均退休年龄较低的国家。没有证据支持“性别年龄歧视”的说法：男性和女性因年龄而受到同等的惩罚。

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引用次数: 0

Five decades of marital sorting in France and the United States – The role of educational expansion and the changing gender imbalance in education 法国和美国五十年的婚姻分门别类——教育扩张的作用和教育中不断变化的性别失衡

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101044

Julia Leesch , Jan Skopek

Over the past half-century, higher education expansion and changing gender imbalances in education have reshaped the educational composition of the partner market. Nonetheless, the impact of these concurrent trends on educational sorting in unions and marriages remains unclear. Using data from France (1962–2011) and the US (1960–2015), we examined how (a) educational expansion and (b) the changing gender-education association contributed to changing sorting outcomes in marital and non-marital different-sex unions. Counterfactual decomposition techniques revealed two main trends. First, the changing gender-education association – apart from educational upgrading – has promoted rising hypogamy (she is more educated than he) and declining hypergamy (he is more educated than she). Second, educational expansion is associated with rising proportions of homogamous, hypogamous, and hypergamous unions involving more educated individuals and declines in these union types with less educated women and men. However, the impact of these changes on overall homogamy and heterogamy trends differs across countries. For example, while the increasing supply of highly educated individuals has promoted hypogamy in France it has offset hypogamy in the US. Our findings contribute to ongoing debates about the structural effects of educational expansion and the reversing gender imbalance in education on the formation of different-sex unions.

在过去的半个世纪里，高等教育的扩张和教育中性别失衡的变化重塑了伴侣市场的教育构成。尽管如此，这些同时出现的趋势对工会和婚姻中的教育分类的影响仍不清楚。利用法国（1962-2011）和美国（1960-2015）的数据，我们研究了(a)教育扩张和(b)不断变化的性别教育关联如何影响婚姻和非婚姻异性结合中排序结果的变化。反事实分解技术揭示了两个主要趋势。首先，不断变化的性别教育关联——除了教育水平的提升——促进了低配偶制（女方比男方受教育程度高）的增加和多配偶制（男方受教育程度比女方高）的减少。其次，教育扩张与受教育程度较高的个体的同性婚姻、次等婚姻和多配偶婚姻的比例上升有关，而与受教育程度较低的女性和男性的这些婚姻类型的比例下降有关。然而，这些变化对同性婚姻和异性婚姻总体趋势的影响因国家而异。例如，虽然受过高等教育的个人供应的增加促进了法国的一夫多妻制，但它抵消了美国的一夫多妻制。我们的研究结果为目前关于教育扩张的结构性影响和扭转教育中性别不平衡对不同性别联盟形成的影响的争论做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Associations of perceived social mobility with health indicators: Findings from the Chinese general social survey from 2017 to 2021 感知社会流动性与健康指标的关系：2017 - 2021年中国综合社会调查结果

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101037

Huali Zhao , Jinhui Qiao , Xinyue Shen , Yue Dong , Yue Hu , Yingying Zhang , Fei Yang , Jin You

This study examined how perceived intergenerational and intragenerational social mobility would be associated with health indicators (i.e., self-rated health, life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms) using data from the 2017, 2018, and 2021 waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (N = 31,262). Polynomial regression and response surface analyses revealed consistent associations of perceived intergenerational and intragenerational social mobility with all three health indicators. Individuals who perceived downward social mobility reported worse health outcomes than those who perceived upward social mobility, but both groups reported poorer health outcomes compared to immobile individuals. Among immobile individuals, the relationship between subjective social status and these health indicators followed an inverted U-shaped pattern, with health indicators initially rising to a peak and then slightly decreased as subjective social status increased. This study offers the first pieces of evidence for the health consequences of perceived social mobility under the Chinese sociocultural context and has potential to challenge the conventional “more is better” model of socioeconomic status.

本研究利用2017年、2018年和2021年的中国综合社会调查数据（N = 31,262），研究了感知的代际和代内社会流动性与健康指标（即自评健康、生活满意度和抑郁症状）之间的关系。多项式回归和响应面分析表明，代际和代内社会流动性与所有三个健康指标之间存在一致的关联。认为社会流动性向下的人比认为社会流动性向上的人的健康状况更差，但与不流动的人相比，两组人的健康状况都更差。在行动不便的人中，主观社会地位与这些健康指标之间的关系呈倒 U 型，健康指标最初上升到一个高峰，然后随着主观社会地位的提高而略有下降。这项研究首次证明了在中国社会文化背景下，主观社会地位对健康的影响，并有可能对传统的 "越多越好 "的社会经济地位模式提出挑战。

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引用次数: 0