Research in Social Stratification and Mobility最新文献_第7页

When advantages disappear: Long-term trends in gender and social origin inequalities and the rise of horizontal stratification in higher education in South Korea 当优势消失时：性别和社会出身不平等的长期趋势以及韩国高等教育中水平分层的上升

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101036

Seongsoo Choi , Subin Lee

Recent research on educational stratification has shifted focus from vertical to horizontal inequalities and the intersectionality of gender and social origin. Yet, little empirical research has examined how these multidimensional inequalities emerge and evolve over time. We argue that as traditional advantages by gender and SES decline, new horizontal inequalities may arise, maintaining advantage for privileged groups. Using nine nationally representative survey samples, we analyze South Korea, where higher education expanded rapidly in the late 20th century, examining cohort trends in gender and SES gaps across both vertical (college completion) and horizontal (institutional selectivity and STEM choice) dimensions. Our findings show that while the male advantage disappeared and SES disparities in college access narrowed, a new gap emerged, favoring high-SES males in STEM fields at selective universities. We also find suggestive evidence that rising labor market demand for STEM skills may be a factor explaining recent differences in major choice between high-SES men and women. This study reveals a new pathway of educational stratification shaped interactively by gender and SES.

最近关于教育分层的研究已将重点从纵向不平等转移到横向不平等以及性别和社会起源的交叉性。然而，很少有实证研究考察这些多维不平等是如何随着时间的推移而产生和演变的。我们认为，随着传统的性别和社会地位优势的下降，新的横向不平等可能会出现，保持特权群体的优势。使用9个具有全国代表性的调查样本，我们分析了韩国，其高等教育在20世纪后期迅速扩张，研究了纵向（大学毕业）和横向（机构选择性和STEM选择）维度上性别和社会地位差距的队列趋势。我们的研究结果表明，虽然男性优势消失，社会经济地位在大学入学方面的差距缩小，但新的差距出现了，在一些重点大学的STEM领域，高社会经济地位的男性更受青睐。我们还发现有启发性的证据表明，劳动力市场对STEM技能的需求不断上升，可能是解释高ses男性和女性最近在专业选择上存在差异的一个因素。本研究揭示了性别与社会经济地位互动塑造教育分层的新途径。

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引用次数: 0

Neoliberalism and labor's long decline: Financialization, precaritization, and union density in the American states, 1964–2023 新自由主义与劳工的长期衰落：1964-2023年美国各州的金融化、不稳定化和工会密度

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101031

Michael Wallace , Todd E. Vachon , Andrew S. Fullerton

Despite encouraging efforts at union revitalization, the long-term decline of union density in the U.S. continues. In this paper, we examine the influence of two master processes of neoliberal capitalism contributing to that decline that have received insufficient attention in previous research—the financialization of the economy and precaritization of work. Using longitudinal data for the 50 U.S. states for 1964–2023, we conduct a state-level analysis and find that both financialization and precaritization negatively affect union density net of other covariates. Consistent with our expectations, we further find that these effects are historically and regionally contingent. That is, the negative effects of financialization and precaritization are confined mainly to the neoliberal period (1981–2023) and to Non-southern states. We further find that these effects of financialization and precaritization on union density differed before, during, and after the Great Recession, suggesting that the Recession had a disruptive influence on these relationships. We discuss the relevance of these findings for the future vibrancy of the union movement.

尽管鼓励重振工会的努力，但美国工会密度的长期下降仍在继续。在本文中，我们研究了新自由主义资本主义的两个主要过程对这种衰退的影响，这两个过程在以前的研究中没有得到足够的重视——经济的金融化和工作的不稳定化。使用纵向数据的50 美国研究发现，金融化和不稳定化都会对其他协变量的联合密度网产生负面影响。与我们的预期一致，我们进一步发现这些影响是历史和区域偶然的。也就是说，金融化和不稳定化的负面影响主要局限于新自由主义时期（1981-2023）和非南方国家。我们进一步发现，金融化和不稳定化对工会密度的影响在大衰退之前、期间和之后都有所不同，这表明经济衰退对这些关系产生了破坏性影响。我们将讨论这些发现与工会运动未来活力的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

The legacy of names. Persistence in social status in Sweden 1865–2015 名字的遗产。1865-2015年瑞典社会地位的持续

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101033

Elien Dalman

This study explores how social origin, reflected by occupation and family name from both parents, has been passed down over the past 150 years in Sweden. It finds that intergenerational rank-rank associations in occupational status – a typical measure of social mobility – have remained surprisingly constant at levels around 0.27 – as in the US (Song et al., 2020). However, intergenerational correlations are substantially higher among those with surnames reflecting high historical prestige. Surname type reflects a heritable social status dimension at the group level (such as ethnicity), which persists strongly across generations. By comparing occupational and surname-based social status, this study offers new insights into the persistent nature of social inequality and the factors that influence it over time. It offers a new perspective on the transition from “ascribed” (surname) to “achieved” (occupational) status as Sweden industrialized, modernized, and became a welfare state.

本研究探讨了父母双方的职业和姓氏所反映的社会出身在瑞典过去 150 年间的传承情况。研究发现，作为社会流动性的典型衡量标准，职业地位的代际等级关联一直保持在 0.27 左右的水平，这与美国的情况（Song 等人，2020 年）惊人地一致。然而，在那些拥有反映高历史声望的姓氏的人群中，代际相关性要高得多。姓氏类型反映了群体层面上可遗传的社会地位维度（如种族），这种维度在代际间具有很强的持续性。通过比较职业社会地位和基于姓氏的社会地位，本研究提供了关于社会不平等的持续性质以及随着时间推移对其产生影响的因素的新见解。它提供了一个新的视角，即随着瑞典的工业化、现代化和成为福利国家，从 "赋予"（姓氏）到 "实现"（职业）地位的转变。

引用次数: 0

Social inequalities in children’s cognitive and socioemotional development: The role of home learning environments and early childhood education 儿童认知和社会情感发展中的社会不平等：家庭学习环境和幼儿教育的作用

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101034

Ilaria Pietropoli , Pablo Gracia

This study uses high-quality longitudinal data from the Growing Up in Ireland study to examine the interplay between home learning environment (HLE) and early childhood education (ECE) in explaining children’s skills development from 9 months to 5 years old across parental socioeconomic status (SES). Random-effects linear regression models show that: (1) supportive HLE improves children’s cognitive and socioemotional skills and ECE quality critically fosters early socioemotional skills; (2) SES is associated with higher early cognitive and socioemotional outcomes, while responsive and consistent parenting behaviours among low-SES parents is particularly critical to improve their children’s socioemotional well-being; (3) high-quality ECE attendance compensates for children’s behavioural problems in less responsive parenting environments, especially among low-SES families, whereas home literacy stimulation is necessary condition for high-quality ECE attendance to benefit children’s early cognitive skills. Overall, HLE and ECE mutually interact in explaining differences in children’s early skills development across SES groups.

本研究使用来自爱尔兰成长研究的高质量纵向数据来检验家庭学习环境（HLE）和幼儿教育（ECE）之间的相互作用，以解释父母社会经济地位（SES）中9个月至5岁儿童的技能发展。随机效应线性回归模型表明：(1)支持性高水平教育提高了儿童的认知和社会情绪技能，幼儿教育质量对儿童早期社会情绪技能有重要的促进作用；(2)社会经济地位与较高的早期认知和社会情绪结果相关，而低社会经济地位父母的反应性和一致性育儿行为对提高儿童的社会情绪幸福感尤为重要；(3)高质量的ECE出勤补偿了在反应性较差的养育环境中儿童的行为问题，特别是在低社会经济地位家庭中，而家庭识字刺激是高质量ECE出勤有利于儿童早期认知技能的必要条件。总体而言，HLE和ECE在解释SES群体中儿童早期技能发展的差异方面相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

The socio-organisational embeddedness of work-life mobility 工作-生活流动性的社会组织嵌入性

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101032

Per Block , Jan O. Jonsson

There has recently been renewed interest in occupational mobility over the life-course. We argue that such studies should place greater emphasis on organisational and social embeddings of occupations as key drivers of mobility. Occupations are interconnected by their organisational, regional, and industrial contexts, which create mobility opportunities. These contexts also foster social relations that underpin classic mobility predictors such as social capital, cultural capital, and aspiration, all of which guide occupational choices. Building on the idea that social and organisational relations between occupations shape the overall structure of social mobility, we devise a structural model that focuses not on variables, but on emergent mobility patterns. We conceptualise the mobility table as a network, fitting a loglinear model including concentration, reciprocity, and clustering parameters. This model is applied to analyse intra-generational mobility between 59 micro-classes in the UK during the first decade of this century, using data from the British Household Panel Survey. We find that emergent patterns are strong predictors of mobility. When comparing our model to a conventional social-class based one, we find that social-class parameters decrease by 88 % after the inclusion of network patterns. We conclude that the socio-organisational embeddedness of occupations is an overlooked structuring force behind work-life mobility.

最近，人们对一生中职业的流动性重新产生了兴趣。我们认为，此类研究应更加强调职业的组织和社会嵌入作为流动性的关键驱动因素。职业是由他们的组织、区域和行业背景相互联系的，这创造了流动的机会。这些背景还促进了社会关系，这些社会关系支撑着社会资本、文化资本和抱负等经典的流动性预测因素，所有这些因素都指导着职业选择。基于职业之间的社会和组织关系塑造了社会流动的整体结构这一观点，我们设计了一个结构模型，该模型不关注变量，而是关注紧急流动模式。我们将流动性表概念化为一个网络，拟合一个包括浓度、互惠和聚类参数的线性模型。该模型使用英国家庭小组调查（British Household Panel Survey）的数据，分析了本世纪头十年英国59个微阶层之间的代际流动性。我们发现，涌现模式是流动性的有力预测因素。当将我们的模型与传统的基于社会阶层的模型进行比较时，我们发现在包含网络模式后，社会阶层参数减少了88 %。我们得出结论，职业的社会组织嵌入性是工作-生活流动性背后被忽视的结构性力量。

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引用次数: 0

Consequences of expanded vocationally oriented programs for gender segregation and inequality: The case of Japanese higher education 扩大职业导向课程对性别隔离和不平等的影响：以日本高等教育为例

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101024

Fumiya Uchikoshi , Kohei Toyonaga , Erika Teramoto

In this paper, we integrate two bodies of literature on higher education—horizontal stratification and gender segregation—to generate new insights into the consequences of the increase in vocationally oriented programs for gender segregation and inequality. We specifically examine the case of Japan, where college expansion and women’s increasing enrollment in four-year universities have been driven by the proliferation of nonselective private sectors. Two sets of analyses using administrative and survey data reveal the following findings. First, the relative increase in female enrollments in private institutions is driven by the growth of vocationally oriented programs, which typically offer publicly certified licenses for female-dominant occupations. If there was no such increase, then gender segregation in terms of fields of study would have decreased more than observed. Second, we find that those from low socioeconomic background are more likely to be enrolled in vocational fields such as nursing, education and home economics. These results suggest that women’s increased college attendance in Japan contributes to the growth of double gender segregation in terms of fields of study and institutional selectivity by incorporating less privileged women into these sectors.

在本文中，我们整合了两种关于高等教育的文献——横向分层和性别隔离——以产生新的见解，以了解以职业为导向的课程增加对性别隔离和不平等的影响。我们特别研究了日本的情况，在那里，大学的扩张和女性在四年制大学入学率的增加是由非选择性私营部门的扩散所推动的。使用行政和调查数据进行的两组分析揭示了以下发现。首先，私立学校女性入学人数的相对增长是由职业导向课程的增长推动的，这些课程通常为女性主导的职业提供公开认证的执照。如果没有这种增长，那么在研究领域方面的性别隔离就会比观察到的减少得更多。其次，我们发现社会经济背景较低的人更有可能进入护理、教育和家政等职业领域。这些结果表明，日本女性大学出勤率的提高，通过将弱势女性纳入这些部门，导致了研究领域和机构选择性方面的双重性别隔离的增长。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of tracking in a stratified education system on idealistic educational aspirations in migrant and native families 分层教育系统中跟踪对移民和本地家庭理想主义教育愿望的影响

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101022

Andrés Gomensoro , Marieke Heers , Chantal Kamm , Sandra Hupka-Brunner

In this study, we analyse the extent to which educational tracking impacts idealistic educational aspirations in Switzerland and how different second generation groups by countries of origin differ from Swiss natives in this respect. In fact, research has repeatedly confirmed that students with a migration background aspire more for general education, specifically for university degrees. However, little is known within strong tracking educational systems, such as Switzerland. Using AES2016-data, we find that when parental educational aspirations are controlled for and when we account for constraints due to tracking, children of immigrants have higher idealistic educational aspirations than their native counterparts. This points towards some immigrant optimism. Track attendance has a different impact on the aspirations of different groups but does not inhibit high aspirations even when these seem unattainable.

在本研究中，我们分析了教育跟踪对瑞士理想主义教育愿望的影响程度，以及原籍国不同的第二代群体在这方面与瑞士本地人有何不同。事实上，研究一再证实，有移民背景的学生更渴望接受通识教育，特别是大学学位。然而，在瑞士等追踪性很强的教育体系中，人们对此知之甚少。使用aes2016数据，我们发现，当父母的教育愿望受到控制，当我们考虑到跟踪的约束时，移民的孩子比他们的本土同龄人有更高的理想主义教育愿望。这显示出一些移民的乐观情绪。径赛出勤率对不同群体的愿望有不同的影响，但不会抑制高愿望，即使这些愿望似乎无法实现。

引用次数: 0

Global value chains and racial inequality in the US labor market, 1979–2017 1979-2017年美国劳动力市场的全球价值链和种族不平等

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101023

Manjing Gao , Matthew C. Mahutga , Ronald Kwon

We examine how global value chains (GVCs) impact “between” and “within-race” US labor market inequalities. GVCs change the returns to occupations and human capital categories (economic effects), as well as the share of the population within these categories (compositional effects). US racism should interact with GVCs to produce racially disparate GVC effects. We employ variance function regression to examine between and within-race inequality simultaneously, and innovate on classical decompositions to quantify how much of the change in each can be attributed to racially disparate effects of GVCs. GVCs increase inequality within and between races. These effects are largest within races, where almost no racial differences are observed. Between races, racially disparate GVC effects were often inconsistent with contemporary theories of US racial inequality. Economic effects were always most beneficial for Asian Americans, and frequently more beneficial for African Americans and Latino/a workers than for Whites. Compositional effects were nearly always most beneficial for Asian Americans, and reduced between-race inequality in aggregate. Overall, then, GVCs increased between-race inequality because large occupational and skill income gaps persisted between races, because Asian American gains are net inequality increasing, and because absolute and/or relative (to White) gains by African American and Latino/a workers in some categories were too small to offset the absolute and/or relative gains of Asian Americans and Whites in others.

我们研究了全球价值链（GVCs）如何影响“种族之间”和“种族内部”的美国劳动力市场不平等。全球价值链改变了职业和人力资本类别的回报（经济效应），以及这些类别中的人口份额（构成效应）。美国种族主义应该与全球价值链相互作用，产生种族差异的全球价值链效应。我们采用方差函数回归同时检查种族之间和种族内部的不平等，并对经典分解进行创新，以量化每种变化中有多少可归因于全球价值链的种族差异影响。全球价值链加剧了种族内部和种族之间的不平等。这些影响在种族内部最大，几乎没有观察到种族差异。在种族之间，种族差异的全球价值链效应往往与美国种族不平等的当代理论不一致。经济效应总是对亚裔美国人最有利，而对非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔/白人工人往往比白人更有利。构成效应几乎总是对亚裔美国人最有利，总体上减少了种族间的不平等。总体而言，全球价值链增加了种族间的不平等，因为种族间持续存在巨大的职业和技能收入差距，因为亚裔美国人的收益正在增加净不平等，因为非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔/黑人工人在某些类别中的绝对和/或相对（相对于白人）收益太小，无法抵消亚裔美国人和白人在其他类别中的绝对和/或相对收益。

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引用次数: 0

Ethnic conflict and workplace inequality: Hiring Arabs during conflict escalation in Israel, 1997–2015 种族冲突和工作场所不平等：1997-2015年以色列冲突升级期间雇佣阿拉伯人

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101021

Dustin Avent-Holt , Tali Kristal , Ludmila Garmash

We use the case of Israel to analyze the relationship between ethnonationalist conflict and workplace inequalities, arguing that escalation of ethnic conflict in the political environment induces social closure behaviors within organizations geographically more proximate to the conflict. Combining data from Israeli population registers and the Global Terrorism Database we find that an increase in conflict, measured by non-state political violence occurring within the state of Israel, leads to a decrease in the likelihood of nearby organizations hiring Arab men and women. Importantly, these effects are typically stronger for women and are diminished in organizations that either depend on Arab labor or have a higher density of Arab workers at the top of the organization. Demonstrating that deepening ethnonationalist political conflicts shape workplace inequalities, this paper extends both the theory of racialized organizations and Relational Inequality Theory.

我们以以色列为例分析了民族主义冲突与工作场所不平等之间的关系，认为政治环境中民族冲突的升级会在地理上更接近冲突的组织内诱发社会封闭行为。结合以色列人口登记和全球恐怖主义数据库的数据，我们发现，以以色列国境内发生的非国家政治暴力来衡量的冲突增加，导致附近组织雇用阿拉伯男女的可能性降低。重要的是，这些影响通常对女性更强，而在依赖阿拉伯劳动力或在组织高层中阿拉伯工人密度更高的组织中，这些影响会减弱。为了证明日益加深的民族主义政治冲突塑造了工作场所的不平等，本文扩展了种族化组织理论和关系不平等理论。

引用次数: 0

Work-schedule instability and workers’ health and well-being across different socioeconomic strata in China 中国不同社会经济阶层的工作时间不稳定性与工人健康和福祉

IF 2.7 1区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2024.101008

Ya Guo , Wanying Ling , Wen Fan , Senhu Wang

Although there is a growing body of literature on the detrimental health effects of work-schedule instability in high-income countries (e.g., the U.S.), most studies have predominantly focused on low socioeconomic status (SES) groups, overlooking the variations in the health effects of schedule instability across different socioeconomic strata. We argue that China provides a unique and critical context for examining work-schedule instability due to its inadequate labor protections, extensive use of digital technology in the workplace, and a prevalent norm of overwork. Using the China General Social Survey 2021 and employing a more comprehensive measure of work-schedule instability, this study investigates (1) the associations between work-schedule instability and workers’ health and well-being, (2) the mediating mechanisms through a work intensification process and the work-family interface, and (3) how the associations vary across SES groups. The findings suggest that work-schedule instability is associated with worse job satisfaction and self-rated health. Higher work-family conflict and work pressure mediate around half of the association between schedule instability and job satisfaction. Additionally, the negative effects of schedule instability are significant across both low and high SES groups. This study contributes to the burgeoning literature on the adverse effects of schedule instability by underscoring its widespread impact across different socioeconomic strata.

尽管关于工作时间不稳定对高收入国家（如美国）的有害健康影响的文献越来越多，但大多数研究主要集中在低社会经济地位（SES）群体，忽视了不同社会经济阶层的时间表不稳定对健康影响的差异。我们认为，由于劳动保护不足、工作场所广泛使用数字技术以及过度工作的普遍存在，中国为检查工作时间表的不稳定性提供了一个独特而关键的背景。本研究利用《中国综合社会调查2021》，采用更全面的工作时间不稳定性指标，探讨了(1)工作时间不稳定性与工人健康和福祉之间的关联，(2)通过工作强化过程和工作-家庭界面的中介机制，以及(3)不同社会经济阶层之间的关联差异。研究结果表明，不稳定的工作时间与较差的工作满意度和自我评价的健康状况有关。较高的工作-家庭冲突和工作压力在时间不稳定性和工作满意度之间的关联中起着约一半的中介作用。此外，时间表不稳定性的负面影响在低和高社会地位群体中都是显著的。本研究通过强调时间不稳定性在不同社会经济阶层的广泛影响，为研究时间不稳定性不利影响的新兴文献做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0