Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1177/0094582x241294083
Marcelo Paixão
{"title":"Black Power in Hemispheric Perspective: A Book Review","authors":"Marcelo Paixão","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241294083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241294083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1177/0094582x241285385
Christophe Grenier
The sea has long been a barrier guaranteeing the ecological isolation of the Galápagos. When Ecuador annexed the archipelago, the sea became an obstacle, because neither the state nor the island residents had ships to maintain regular relations with the mainland. On the contrary, the Galápagos Islands are an open space for foreign actors who, having adequate transport, freely use its natural resources and strategic location. At the end of the twentieth century, air travel overcame the oceanic distance and led to the unlimited development of maritime and land tourism in the archipelago’s protected areas. The needs of the Galápagos’ growing population are supplied by cargo ships and, through a process of ocean grabbing, its sea is exploited by various forms of tourism and export fishing. The sea is thus the main vector of the geographical opening of the Galápagos, a process characteristic of globalization that causes profound spatial, ecological, and social changes in a once isolated region.
{"title":"Open Space and Ocean Grabbing: The Sea in the Geographic Opening of the Galápagos","authors":"Christophe Grenier","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241285385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241285385","url":null,"abstract":"The sea has long been a barrier guaranteeing the ecological isolation of the Galápagos. When Ecuador annexed the archipelago, the sea became an obstacle, because neither the state nor the island residents had ships to maintain regular relations with the mainland. On the contrary, the Galápagos Islands are an open space for foreign actors who, having adequate transport, freely use its natural resources and strategic location. At the end of the twentieth century, air travel overcame the oceanic distance and led to the unlimited development of maritime and land tourism in the archipelago’s protected areas. The needs of the Galápagos’ growing population are supplied by cargo ships and, through a process of ocean grabbing, its sea is exploited by various forms of tourism and export fishing. The sea is thus the main vector of the geographical opening of the Galápagos, a process characteristic of globalization that causes profound spatial, ecological, and social changes in a once isolated region.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1177/0094582x241289103
Lia Pinheiro Barbosa, Peter Michael Rosset
This paper seeks to categorize the forms of autonomy developed by Indigenous and peasant movements in Latin America into three types: a) de jure autonomies versus de facto autonomies; b) explicit autonomies versus implicit autonomies; and c) (mono)ethnic autonomies versus popular or class autonomies. We argue that the debate between these conceptions takes on a possible strategic importance when it comes to the dialogue between Indigenous and peasant struggles regarding the defense of territory as well as in the conception of peasant autonomy, understood as a strategy of struggle and local self-governance.
{"title":"Conceptions and Practices of Autonomy among Indigenous and Peasant Movements in Latin America","authors":"Lia Pinheiro Barbosa, Peter Michael Rosset","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241289103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241289103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to categorize the forms of autonomy developed by Indigenous and peasant movements in Latin America into three types: a) de jure autonomies versus de facto autonomies; b) explicit autonomies versus implicit autonomies; and c) (mono)ethnic autonomies versus popular or class autonomies. We argue that the debate between these conceptions takes on a possible strategic importance when it comes to the dialogue between Indigenous and peasant struggles regarding the defense of territory as well as in the conception of peasant autonomy, understood as a strategy of struggle and local self-governance.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1177/0094582x241284570
Leticia D’Ambrosio Camarero
The research for this article examines the characteristics of the marine-coastal environment from the perspectives of a range of social actors. Knowledge of maritimacies can serve as an input for management of marine-coastal environments that takes into account the diverse types of humanity found there, by emphasizing that these processes are not just physical and ecological, but also social, economic, cultural, and historical. An ethnographic methodology allows for mapping the perspectives of social actors, their points of view, and different ways of life. The result was a systemization of maritimacies, which can contribute to thinking about and building a sustainable Blue Economy that recognizes and involves those who inhabit the coast and the sea in Uruguay by considering the heterogeneity and complexity of their social networks.
{"title":"Maritimacies and Nature-Culture Collectives as Inputs for a Sustainable Blue Economy on the East Coast of Uruguay","authors":"Leticia D’Ambrosio Camarero","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241284570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241284570","url":null,"abstract":"The research for this article examines the characteristics of the marine-coastal environment from the perspectives of a range of social actors. Knowledge of maritimacies can serve as an input for management of marine-coastal environments that takes into account the diverse types of humanity found there, by emphasizing that these processes are not just physical and ecological, but also social, economic, cultural, and historical. An ethnographic methodology allows for mapping the perspectives of social actors, their points of view, and different ways of life. The result was a systemization of maritimacies, which can contribute to thinking about and building a sustainable Blue Economy that recognizes and involves those who inhabit the coast and the sea in Uruguay by considering the heterogeneity and complexity of their social networks.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1177/0094582x241288918
Young Hyun Kim
This article analyzes how the Escuela-Ayllu of Warisata in Bolivia challenged the feudal system known as gamonalismo in the 1930s-1940s within the broader context of Indigenous struggle. It demonstrates that distinct currents of Indigenous education, including indigenismo, Caciques-Apoderados’ Centro Educativo de Aborígenes “Bartolomé de las Casas,” and Alcaldes Mayores Particulares’ escuelas particulares, informed the Escuela-Ayllu’s community-led education. It argues that Warisata’s community members turned the Escuela-Ayllu into a political space of communal democracy that undermined the rural order structured by internal colonialism.
本文分析了 20 世纪 30 年代至 40 年代,玻利维亚瓦里萨塔阿尤鲁学校如何在土著斗争的大背景下挑战被称为 "伽马纳主义 "的封建制度。研究表明,土著教育的不同潮流,包括土著主义、Caciques-Apoderados 的土著教育中心 "Bartolomé de las Casas "和 Alcaldes Mayores Particulares 的特殊学校,为 Escuela-Ayllu 的社区主导教育提供了依据。报告认为,瓦里萨塔的社区成员将 Escuela-Ayllu 变成了社区民主的政治空间,破坏了由国内殖民主义构建的农村秩序。
{"title":"Indigenous Politics of Emancipatory Education in Bolivia: The Role of the Escuela-Ayllu of Warisata","authors":"Young Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241288918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241288918","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes how the Escuela-Ayllu of Warisata in Bolivia challenged the feudal system known as gamonalismo in the 1930s-1940s within the broader context of Indigenous struggle. It demonstrates that distinct currents of Indigenous education, including indigenismo, Caciques-Apoderados’ Centro Educativo de Aborígenes “Bartolomé de las Casas,” and Alcaldes Mayores Particulares’ escuelas particulares, informed the Escuela-Ayllu’s community-led education. It argues that Warisata’s community members turned the Escuela-Ayllu into a political space of communal democracy that undermined the rural order structured by internal colonialism.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1177/0094582x241286621
Tiago Vernize Mafra, Natália Tavares de Azevedo
This article categorizes the resistance strategies used by traditional fishers on the coast of Paraná, Brazil, against local authorities that seek to deterritorialize their territories. Documentary sources and interviews with informants were used as part of this research. The local traditional fishing sector is not immune to external pressure. The resistance strategies of this group can be classified into eight categories. We find that the local traditional fishers already lost much of their territory during the last few decades, and the pressures they face continue to increase. However, the rise in resistance actions throughout the twenty-first century allowed this group to engage with new perspectives concerning their struggle for territory. This is a fight that is active in its effort to guarantee the rights of traditional fishing communities in Paraná.
{"title":"Resistance Strategies of Traditional Fishers in Their Struggle for Territory on Paraná’s Coastline in Brazil: A Categorization of the Conflict","authors":"Tiago Vernize Mafra, Natália Tavares de Azevedo","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241286621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241286621","url":null,"abstract":"This article categorizes the resistance strategies used by traditional fishers on the coast of Paraná, Brazil, against local authorities that seek to deterritorialize their territories. Documentary sources and interviews with informants were used as part of this research. The local traditional fishing sector is not immune to external pressure. The resistance strategies of this group can be classified into eight categories. We find that the local traditional fishers already lost much of their territory during the last few decades, and the pressures they face continue to increase. However, the rise in resistance actions throughout the twenty-first century allowed this group to engage with new perspectives concerning their struggle for territory. This is a fight that is active in its effort to guarantee the rights of traditional fishing communities in Paraná.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1177/0094582x241288588
Edgars Martínez Navarrete, Richard Stahler-Sholk
This is the second part of a two-part series, beginning with the July 2024 issue of this journal, exploring the diversity of Indigenous autonomies confronting neoliberal capitalism and their dilemmas and strategic choices.Esta es la segunda parte de una serie de dos, comenzando con el número correspondiente a julio de 2024 de la presente revista, que exploran la diversidad de autonomías indígenas frente al capitalismo neoliberal, así como sus dilemas y opciones estratégicas.
{"title":"Indigenous Autonomies in Latin America in the Face of Contemporary Capitalism: Overview, Perspectives, and Dilemmas: Part 2","authors":"Edgars Martínez Navarrete, Richard Stahler-Sholk","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241288588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241288588","url":null,"abstract":"This is the second part of a two-part series, beginning with the July 2024 issue of this journal, exploring the diversity of Indigenous autonomies confronting neoliberal capitalism and their dilemmas and strategic choices.Esta es la segunda parte de una serie de dos, comenzando con el número correspondiente a julio de 2024 de la presente revista, que exploran la diversidad de autonomías indígenas frente al capitalismo neoliberal, así como sus dilemas y opciones estratégicas.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1177/0094582x241283771
Ana Isabel Márquez Pérez
This article provides an overview of the impacts of the current Colombian extractivist development model on peasant, Afro-descendant, and Indigenous communities’ territorial seas ( maritorium) in the Colombian Caribbean. We reflect on the implications of a gradual penetration of concepts such as the blue economy in national public policy. The impacts of activities such as port infrastructure, oil drilling and mining, tourism and industrial fishing, are briefly analyzed, using examples gathered in different parts of the region where growing dispossession is evident. The article ends with a reflection on the various forms of resistance employed by these communities today to confront the plundering of their living spaces associated with coastlines and the sea.
{"title":"“They Are Taking the Sea from us” - Maritime Extractivism, Dispossession and Resistance in Rural and Ethnic Communities of the Colombian Caribbean","authors":"Ana Isabel Márquez Pérez","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241283771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241283771","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the impacts of the current Colombian extractivist development model on peasant, Afro-descendant, and Indigenous communities’ territorial seas ( maritorium) in the Colombian Caribbean. We reflect on the implications of a gradual penetration of concepts such as the blue economy in national public policy. The impacts of activities such as port infrastructure, oil drilling and mining, tourism and industrial fishing, are briefly analyzed, using examples gathered in different parts of the region where growing dispossession is evident. The article ends with a reflection on the various forms of resistance employed by these communities today to confront the plundering of their living spaces associated with coastlines and the sea.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1177/0094582x241288861
Charlotte María Sáenz
This article inquires into the workings of Zapatista Seed Pedagogics’ (ZSP) building of a political-ethical commons outside the movement’s autonomous territories. Parting from a previous theorization of ZSP as a decolonizing educational process, this writing draws on interviews with external activists of neozapatista networks who have encountered and/or accompanied the movement in the last three decades. These evolving conversations reflect on their learnings in what is a life-long pedagogical process. These include: 1) an ongoing struggle for dismantling internalized hierarchies and vanguards in habits of thinking, being, and doing; 2) the recuperation of historical ancestral memory that builds collective subjectivity; and 3) the organization of collectivities that participate in a common political-ethical territory of struggle transcending nation-state identities. This exploration of ZSP reveals reflexive conscientization in subjects willing to learn and listen differently, suggesting the emergence of a transgeographic political-ethical subject immersed in a co-construction of knowledge with Zapatismo itself.
{"title":"Sowing Indigenous Autonomy: Building a Common Political-Ethical Territory of Struggle with Zapatista Seed Pedagogics","authors":"Charlotte María Sáenz","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241288861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241288861","url":null,"abstract":"This article inquires into the workings of Zapatista Seed Pedagogics’ (ZSP) building of a political-ethical commons outside the movement’s autonomous territories. Parting from a previous theorization of ZSP as a decolonizing educational process, this writing draws on interviews with external activists of neozapatista networks who have encountered and/or accompanied the movement in the last three decades. These evolving conversations reflect on their learnings in what is a life-long pedagogical process. These include: 1) an ongoing struggle for dismantling internalized hierarchies and vanguards in habits of thinking, being, and doing; 2) the recuperation of historical ancestral memory that builds collective subjectivity; and 3) the organization of collectivities that participate in a common political-ethical territory of struggle transcending nation-state identities. This exploration of ZSP reveals reflexive conscientization in subjects willing to learn and listen differently, suggesting the emergence of a transgeographic political-ethical subject immersed in a co-construction of knowledge with Zapatismo itself.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1177/0094582x241288860
Jesús Solís Cruz, Manuel Cosh Pale
During the 2015 post-electoral conflict in the municipality of Oxchuc, Chiapas, came the demand for the election of municipal authorities through its own internal regulatory system. After going through several phases, proponents of change in electoral proceedings obtained legal recognition for Indigenous self-government. This achievement led to an interlude in the long history of political conflict and social change in the municipality. In this article we examine the contemporary history, processes, and recent political developments in the municipality of Oxchuc, which led to institutional recognition of this municipality’s self-government.
{"title":"Self-government, Social Change, and Conflict in Oxchuc, Chiapas: The Long Road of Internal War in an Indigenous Mexican Municipality","authors":"Jesús Solís Cruz, Manuel Cosh Pale","doi":"10.1177/0094582x241288860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582x241288860","url":null,"abstract":"During the 2015 post-electoral conflict in the municipality of Oxchuc, Chiapas, came the demand for the election of municipal authorities through its own internal regulatory system. After going through several phases, proponents of change in electoral proceedings obtained legal recognition for Indigenous self-government. This achievement led to an interlude in the long history of political conflict and social change in the municipality. In this article we examine the contemporary history, processes, and recent political developments in the municipality of Oxchuc, which led to institutional recognition of this municipality’s self-government.","PeriodicalId":47390,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Perspectives","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}