This article explains the rise of neo-abolitionism in Europe with reference to the intersection that it enables between the gender and sexual politics of neoliberalism, vulnerability, and security. Analyzing the recent adoption of neo-abolitionist prostitution policies in the United Kingdom, Spain, France, and Ireland, it contends that neo-abolitionism offers a suitable response to the needs that globalized neoliberalism creates for European states, allowing them to extend their control, disguise their moral agenda, and reproduce their material and normative foundations, guaranteeing the reproduction of the population and accumulation of wealth while reasserting their sovereignty and political identity as progressive in gender and sexual terms.
{"title":"The Rise of Neo-Abolitionism in Europe: Exploring the role of the Neoliberalism–Vulnerability–Security Nexus in the Prostitution Policies of the United Kingdom, Spain, France, and Ireland","authors":"Lucrecia Rubio Grundell","doi":"10.1093/sp/jxab018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxab018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explains the rise of neo-abolitionism in Europe with reference to the intersection that it enables between the gender and sexual politics of neoliberalism, vulnerability, and security. Analyzing the recent adoption of neo-abolitionist prostitution policies in the United Kingdom, Spain, France, and Ireland, it contends that neo-abolitionism offers a suitable response to the needs that globalized neoliberalism creates for European states, allowing them to extend their control, disguise their moral agenda, and reproduce their material and normative foundations, guaranteeing the reproduction of the population and accumulation of wealth while reasserting their sovereignty and political identity as progressive in gender and sexual terms.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85924077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article examines the politics of solidarity with and among refugee women in Turkey's southern borderlands. Drawing on ethnographic research in Hatay, we focus on Syrian- and Turkish-led women's organizations, whose solidarity work contextually entangles organized acts of care and support with social hierarchies, tensions, and mutual distance. These gendered social spaces complicate the scholarly critiques of depoliticization in refugee assistance by governmental and civil society organizations, and the charity–solidarity distinction on which such critiques often rely. They require a rethinking of solidarity with refugee women beyond the terms of right-based political activism.
{"title":"\"Distant Toleration\": The Politics of Solidarity Work among Turkish and Syrian Women in Southern Turkey","authors":"Seçil Dağtaș, S. Can","doi":"10.1093/SP/JXAB013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SP/JXAB013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the politics of solidarity with and among refugee women in Turkey's southern borderlands. Drawing on ethnographic research in Hatay, we focus on Syrian- and Turkish-led women's organizations, whose solidarity work contextually entangles organized acts of care and support with social hierarchies, tensions, and mutual distance. These gendered social spaces complicate the scholarly critiques of depoliticization in refugee assistance by governmental and civil society organizations, and the charity–solidarity distinction on which such critiques often rely. They require a rethinking of solidarity with refugee women beyond the terms of right-based political activism.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":"261 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43418831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Coupled women typically have lower earnings than their male partners. This gender income gap within couples has declined over time, but we lack information about the drivers behind the decline. Here, we analyze the role of increased participation in education and the labor market, as well as changes in social policies, on the decline of the gender income gap within couples in West Germany from 1978 to 2011, using Microcensus data. We show that women's increased labor market participation and their increased transfer incomes are the major sources of the reduction in the gap. Both trends are strongly connected to family policies. We also shed light on the role of men in the overall trend. Their increased full-time premiums and educational attainment are important counter-trends that outweigh the role of increased unemployment and part-time employment levels among men in reducing the gap.
{"title":"Long-Term Trends in the Gender Income Gap within Couples: West Germany, 1978–2011","authors":"A. Haupt, S. Strauss","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/jm4ug","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jm4ug","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Coupled women typically have lower earnings than their male partners. This gender income gap within couples has declined over time, but we lack information about the drivers behind the decline. Here, we analyze the role of increased participation in education and the labor market, as well as changes in social policies, on the decline of the gender income gap within couples in West Germany from 1978 to 2011, using Microcensus data. We show that women's increased labor market participation and their increased transfer incomes are the major sources of the reduction in the gap. Both trends are strongly connected to family policies. We also shed light on the role of men in the overall trend. Their increased full-time premiums and educational attainment are important counter-trends that outweigh the role of increased unemployment and part-time employment levels among men in reducing the gap.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1008 - 980"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43644369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Although German mothers’ labor force participation has increased in recent decades, German men’s participation in domestic labor has not increased proportionally. Thus, mothers still face a “double burden.” We analyzed the total time parents spent on childcare and on various particular activities, such as learning with children, playing with children, basic childcare, talking with children, managing children’s activities, and reading with children. We identified a very slow gender convergence in childcare patterns in Germany over the last two decades. However, as in other Western countries, German parents’ division of childcare remains unequal; mothers do much more routine care and spend more time overall on care than fathers.
{"title":"Stability and Change in German Parents’ Childcare Patterns Across Two Decades","authors":"Anja Steinbach, Florian Schulz","doi":"10.1093/SP/JXAB017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SP/JXAB017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Although German mothers’ labor force participation has increased in recent decades, German men’s participation in domestic labor has not increased proportionally. Thus, mothers still face a “double burden.” We analyzed the total time parents spent on childcare and on various particular activities, such as learning with children, playing with children, basic childcare, talking with children, managing children’s activities, and reading with children. We identified a very slow gender convergence in childcare patterns in Germany over the last two decades. However, as in other Western countries, German parents’ division of childcare remains unequal; mothers do much more routine care and spend more time overall on care than fathers.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":"428 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43890971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article develops a new conceptual framework to understand silence and silencing with regard to conflict-related sexual violence against men. Based on fieldwork data from Bosnia–Herzegovina, it argues that rather than the silence of victims, the problem is that survivor testimonies are coopted and entextualized, and that male vulnerabilities remain inaudible. This process reinforces ignorance about male-directed sexual violence and helps to maintain the dominant view that masculinity and vulnerability are mutually exclusive. To illustrate the point, it examines two spaces where male survivors have told their stories in Bosnia– Herzegovina: the courts and the detainee associations.
{"title":"Silent or Inaudible? Male Survivor Stories in Bosnia–Herzegovina","authors":"Heleen Touquet","doi":"10.1093/SP/JXAB004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SP/JXAB004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article develops a new conceptual framework to understand silence and silencing with regard to conflict-related sexual violence against men. Based on fieldwork data from Bosnia–Herzegovina, it argues that rather than the silence of victims, the problem is that survivor testimonies are coopted and entextualized, and that male vulnerabilities remain inaudible. This process reinforces ignorance about male-directed sexual violence and helps to maintain the dominant view that masculinity and vulnerability are mutually exclusive. To illustrate the point, it examines two spaces where male survivors have told their stories in Bosnia– Herzegovina: the courts and the detainee associations.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":"706 - 728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46610928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In the literature on morality issues, the most famous typology distinguishes countries from the "religious" and "secular" worlds, based on the presence or absence of partisan religious cleavages. Portugal belongs to the former world, yet in 2018, the Portuguese Parliament passed a law on the self-determination of gender identity. This article asks how such an outcome was possible, focusing on the role of political parties and civil society actors within advocacy coalitions. Our analysis reveals that, in addition to the role played by civil society actors, the "change coalition" won the dispute because it assembled a majority of votes in the parliament from left-wing progressive political parties. Moreover, actors from the "change coalition" developed a clear strategy of articulation before and during the debate. In contrast, the "blocking coalition," composed of right-wing political parties and a few health-related actors, failed to define a coherent advocacy strategy.
{"title":"Debating the Law of Self-Determination of Gender Identity in Portugal: Composition and Dynamics of Advocacy Coalitions of Political and Civil Society Actors in the Discussion of Morality Issues","authors":"Luís F. Mota, Bruna Barros Fernandes","doi":"10.1093/SP/JXAB015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SP/JXAB015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the literature on morality issues, the most famous typology distinguishes countries from the \"religious\" and \"secular\" worlds, based on the presence or absence of partisan religious cleavages. Portugal belongs to the former world, yet in 2018, the Portuguese Parliament passed a law on the self-determination of gender identity. This article asks how such an outcome was possible, focusing on the role of political parties and civil society actors within advocacy coalitions. Our analysis reveals that, in addition to the role played by civil society actors, the \"change coalition\" won the dispute because it assembled a majority of votes in the parliament from left-wing progressive political parties. Moreover, actors from the \"change coalition\" developed a clear strategy of articulation before and during the debate. In contrast, the \"blocking coalition,\" composed of right-wing political parties and a few health-related actors, failed to define a coherent advocacy strategy.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":"50 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48337692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Gender equality indices are increasingly influential tools used for governance and knowledge production. This article evaluates the adequacy of the seventeen existing multi-dimensional gender equality indices and shows that all but one neglect unpaid reproductive labor to varying degrees. The empirical analysis offers three lessons for these indices' improvement. First, that it is possible to measure the gendered division of unpaid reproductive labor using gender equality indices. Second, that data availability need not compromise the coherence of the indices' frameworks. Finally, that indices can reduce the overbearing emphasis on quantitative indicators in governance by complementing their findings with qualitative analyses.
{"title":"Neglecting Reproductive Labor: A Critical Review of Gender Equality Indices","authors":"Caitlin B. Schmid","doi":"10.1093/SP/JXAB009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SP/JXAB009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Gender equality indices are increasingly influential tools used for governance and knowledge production. This article evaluates the adequacy of the seventeen existing multi-dimensional gender equality indices and shows that all but one neglect unpaid reproductive labor to varying degrees. The empirical analysis offers three lessons for these indices' improvement. First, that it is possible to measure the gendered division of unpaid reproductive labor using gender equality indices. Second, that data availability need not compromise the coherence of the indices' frameworks. Finally, that indices can reduce the overbearing emphasis on quantitative indicators in governance by complementing their findings with qualitative analyses.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":"907 - 931"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47490834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article analyzes women’s own emergency preparedness courses within voluntary defense training Finland as a site of “vernacular security”. The article introduces a subcategory of vernacular security, “vernacular preparedness” to illustrate what woman citizens familiar with voluntary defense training make of security and defense policies where they are seen as key actors in producing grass-roots security, both as private citizens and when serving state institutions. The interviewees, both participants and course leaders, situate themselves within a gendered division of security labor characterized by male conscription. This produces a civic ideal of a psychologically resilient, altruistically caring, and physically capable civilian whose preparedness covers concerns ranging from emergencies and disasters to potential wartime efforts.
{"title":"Willing, Caring and Capable: Gendered Ideals of Vernacular Preparedness in Finland","authors":"L. Hart","doi":"10.1093/SP/JXAB012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SP/JXAB012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article analyzes women’s own emergency preparedness courses within voluntary defense training Finland as a site of “vernacular security”. The article introduces a subcategory of vernacular security, “vernacular preparedness” to illustrate what woman citizens familiar with voluntary defense training make of security and defense policies where they are seen as key actors in producing grass-roots security, both as private citizens and when serving state institutions. The interviewees, both participants and course leaders, situate themselves within a gendered division of security labor characterized by male conscription. This produces a civic ideal of a psychologically resilient, altruistically caring, and physically capable civilian whose preparedness covers concerns ranging from emergencies and disasters to potential wartime efforts.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":"405 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SP/JXAB012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47317874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Through the case study of the Slovak Committee on Gender Equality, a governmental advisory body, this article draws upon the growing literature on "gender ideology" rhetoric in Central and Eastern Europe to study the efforts of advocates of that rhetoric to gain access to policymaking structures. With the aid of narrative research, we examine the Committee's struggles over appropriate terminology and discourse, data and research, and ultimately the status of experts. This shows how "gender ideology" rhetoric serves to delegitimize gender knowledge, and how it eventually turns into knowledge itself.
{"title":"\"Everyone has the right to their opinion\": \"Gender Ideology\" Rhetoric and Epistemic Struggles in Slovak Policymaking","authors":"Veronika Valkovičová, P. Meier","doi":"10.1093/SP/JXAB008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SP/JXAB008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Through the case study of the Slovak Committee on Gender Equality, a governmental advisory body, this article draws upon the growing literature on \"gender ideology\" rhetoric in Central and Eastern Europe to study the efforts of advocates of that rhetoric to gain access to policymaking structures. With the aid of narrative research, we examine the Committee's struggles over appropriate terminology and discourse, data and research, and ultimately the status of experts. This shows how \"gender ideology\" rhetoric serves to delegitimize gender knowledge, and how it eventually turns into knowledge itself.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1080 - 1099"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SP/JXAB008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49320751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article addresses overnight guest hosting, which is a widespread solidarity practice among rural-to-urban migrants in Turkey. The fieldwork, based on in-depth interviews with 28 first-generation migrant women, reveals that it was mostly the young migrant women who shouldered hosting tasks as gendered unpaid work, which deepen their time poverty and reinforce their dependence on family. The analysis highlights the links between intersectional disadvantages of young migrant women and poverty, the failure of the welfare state to provide social assistance for migrants, and the familialist character of social policy during the peak years of migration.
{"title":"Hosting Overnight Guests: Gendered Unpaid Work as a Solidarity Mechanism of Migrants in the Process of Urbanization in Turkey","authors":"Elif S Uyar Mura","doi":"10.1093/SP/JXAB002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SP/JXAB002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article addresses overnight guest hosting, which is a widespread solidarity practice among rural-to-urban migrants in Turkey. The fieldwork, based on in-depth interviews with 28 first-generation migrant women, reveals that it was mostly the young migrant women who shouldered hosting tasks as gendered unpaid work, which deepen their time poverty and reinforce their dependence on family. The analysis highlights the links between intersectional disadvantages of young migrant women and poverty, the failure of the welfare state to provide social assistance for migrants, and the familialist character of social policy during the peak years of migration.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":"497 - 520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SP/JXAB002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47129848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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