Economic and Industrial Democracy最新文献

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Underemployment due to overeducation: An analysis of worker cooperatives versus conventional firms 过度教育导致的就业不足：工人合作社与传统企业的比较分析

IF 1.5 4区管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR

Economic and Industrial Democracy

Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/0143831X221099662

Lidia Valiente-Palma, María del Carmen Pérez-González

This research study analyses overeducation in worker cooperatives (WCs) compared to conventional firms (CFs) to determine whether there is any evidence to suggest that underemployment due to overeducation is less probable in WCs (where decisions are made democratically by worker members to maximise collective wellbeing) than in CFs in Spain. A total sample of 945 workers (315 worker members from WCs, 315 non-member workers from WCs and 315 workers from CFs) taken from the Continuous Working Life Sample from the Spanish Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration was used. The methods applied in the study include regression line comparison between WCs and CFs and logistic regression analysis. The results show that the probability of underemployment due to overeducation may be lower in worker members from WCs than in workers from CFs. Nevertheless, this is not the case for non-member workers in WCs, who display a similar level of underemployment due to overeducation as workers in CFs. This study lays the foundation for research into underemployment due to overeducation in WCs, a topic which has not yet been explored.

这项研究分析了工人合作社（WC）与传统企业（CF）相比的过度教育情况，以确定是否有任何证据表明，与西班牙的CF相比，工人合作社（工人成员以民主方式做出决定，以最大限度地提高集体福祉）因过度教育而导致的就业不足的可能性较小。使用了来自西班牙包容、社会保障和移民部的连续工作生活样本中的945名工人（315名工人成员来自WCs，315名非成员工人来自WCs和315名CF工人）。研究中使用的方法包括WCs和CF之间的回归线比较和逻辑回归分析。结果表明，WCs工人因受教育程度过高而出现就业不足的可能性可能低于CF工人。然而，WCs的非成员工人却并非如此，他们因教育程度过高而表现出与CF工人相似的就业不足水平。这项研究为研究WCs因教育过度而导致的就业不足奠定了基础，这是一个尚未探索的话题。

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引用次数: 0

Commitment issues? Analysing the effect of preference deviation and social embeddedness on member commitment to worker cooperatives in the gig economy 承诺问题?零工经济下偏好偏差和社会嵌入对工人合作社成员承诺的影响分析

IF 1.5 4区管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR

Economic and Industrial Democracy

Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/0143831x221101425

Damion Jonathan Bunders, Agnes Akkerman

As enterprises that are owned and governed by workers themselves for their mutual benefit, worker cooperatives are currently re-emerging as a promising antidote against precarity and economic dependence in the gig economy. Considering the social and geographic fragmentation of gig workers, it remains unclear whether cooperatives can count on the member commitment necessary to survive. This study investigates whether preference deviation and social disembeddedness stifle the commitment of gig workers to such cooperatives. A cross-sectional survey was used to gather data from members of four interconnected cooperatives in Italy that consist of gig workers in the cultural, ICT and education sectors (n = 425). The results show that members with more deviating preferences and less social embeddedness among fellow members have a lower commitment towards their cooperative. These findings demonstrate the conditions for gig workers’ commitment to cooperatives, being a key factor in cooperative longevity.

作为由工人自己拥有和管理的企业，工人合作社目前正在重新成为一种有希望的解决零工经济中不稳定和经济依赖的解毒剂。考虑到零工工人在社会和地理上的分散，合作社能否依靠成员的承诺来生存还不清楚。本研究探讨偏好偏差和社会脱嵌入是否会抑制零工工人对此类合作社的承诺。通过横断面调查收集了意大利四个相互关联的合作社成员的数据，这些合作社由文化、信息通信技术和教育部门的零工组成(n = 425)。结果表明，偏好偏差越大、社会嵌入程度越低的成员对合作的承诺越低。这些研究结果表明，零工工人对合作社的承诺是影响合作社寿命的关键因素。

引用次数: 0

Sex, breadwinner status, and perceived job insecurity: A comparative analysis in Europe 性别、养家糊口的地位和工作不安全感:欧洲的比较分析

IF 1.5 4区管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR

Economic and Industrial Democracy

Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1177/0143831x221100849

Clotilde Coron, Géraldine Schmidt

Previous research has produced contradictory results about the relationship between sex and perceived job insecurity (JI). The male-breadwinner ideology has been put forward to explain the fact that women often report less JI. In addition, previous research on JI has highlighted the importance of the national socioeconomic context, and gender studies have underlined the need to take gender dimensions into account when studying national socioeconomic contexts. This article contributes to those debates by measuring the effect of sex on JI and the moderating effect of breadwinner status in different groups of countries characterized by homogeneous socioeconomic and gender-related contexts. To do so, the authors use the 2015 EWCS survey, and add macro indicators for the national contexts. The results show that when controlling for breadwinner status, sex has no significant effect regardless of the national context; in addition, breadwinner status moderates the relationship between sex and perceived JI in some national contexts.

以往的研究对性别与工作不安全感(JI)之间的关系得出了相互矛盾的结果。男性养家糊口的意识形态被提出来解释女性经常报告较少JI的事实。此外，以往关于JI的研究强调了国家社会经济背景的重要性，性别研究强调了在研究国家社会经济背景时考虑性别维度的必要性。本文通过在具有同质社会经济和性别相关背景的不同国家群体中测量性别对JI的影响以及养家糊口地位的调节作用，为这些争论做出了贡献。为了做到这一点，作者使用了2015年EWCS调查，并为国家背景添加了宏观指标。结果表明，在控制家庭经济支柱地位的情况下，性别对家庭经济支柱地位的影响不显著;此外，在一些国家背景下，养家糊口的地位调节了性别与感知的JI之间的关系。

引用次数: 0

Towards what end? Collective bargaining and the making and unmaking of the working class 走向什么目的？集体谈判与工人阶级的形成和瓦解

IF 1.5 4区管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR

Economic and Industrial Democracy

Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/0143831x221096863

Zaad Mahmood, Supurna Banerjee

In contemporary literature, bargaining is often construed as an instrument in the hands of the employer, a practice that is sustained by undermining worker solidarity and promoting interests of privileged unionized workers at the expense of other workers. This article challenges such narratives by foregrounding the idea of solidarity and highlighting the complex interplay of solidarity emanating from the multiple ways consciousness about worker identity plays out. Drawing on the literature on new social movements (NSM) and industrial relations (IR), the article shows that the relevance of bargaining is not merely confined to instrumental economic goals but extends to politically constitutive action. In the process of bargaining the political agency of workers and distinctive articulations of solidarity are identified. This article presents and classifies three kinds of solidarity that correspond to the three dimensions of political consciousness, namely critical solidarity, limited solidarity and absent solidarity across cases that are shaped by contextual realities of labour politics.

在当代文学中，讨价还价通常被解释为雇主手中的一种工具，这种做法是通过破坏工人团结和以牺牲其他工人为代价来促进享有特权的工会工人的利益来维持的。这篇文章挑战了这样的叙述，强调了团结的概念，并强调了团结的复杂相互作用，这种相互作用源于工人身份意识的多种方式。借鉴新社会运动(NSM)和工业关系(IR)的文献，本文表明，议价的相关性不仅局限于工具性经济目标，而且延伸到政治构成行动。在讨价还价的过程中，工人的政治代理和独特的团结表达是确定的。本文提出并分类了三种与政治意识的三个维度相对应的团结，即批判性团结，有限团结和缺席团结，这些团结是由劳工政治的语境现实所塑造的。

引用次数: 0

‘Walking a fine line’: Union perspectives on partnership in nursing and midwifery workplaces “走钢丝”：工会对护理和助产工作场所伙伴关系的看法

IF 1.5 4区管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR

Economic and Industrial Democracy

Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/0143831X221094871

Cécile Guillaume, G. Kirton

Drawing on qualitative research in the main UK unions for nurses/midwives, this article explores union reps’ views of the functioning of workplace partnership in two feminized professions working in the English National Health Service (NHS). Through the investigation of two professional unions, which despite their vitality remain under-researched, the study offers an investigation of the interactions between formal and informal partnership arrangements at the workplace level, the ways in which they intersect with the professional nature of the union context, and the deterioration of working conditions. In doing so, this article contributes to reflections on the prospects of workplace partnership for professional trade unions.

本文借鉴了英国主要护士/助产士工会的定性研究，探讨了工会代表对英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）两个女性化职业中工作场所伙伴关系运作的看法。通过对两个职业工会的调查，该研究对工作场所正式和非正式伙伴关系安排之间的互动、它们与工会背景的职业性质的交叉方式以及工作条件的恶化进行了调查。为此，本文有助于对职业工会工作场所伙伴关系前景的思考。

引用次数: 0

Pressed to overwork to exhaustion? The role of psychological detachment and exhaustion in the context of teleworking 过度劳累到精疲力竭？心理超然和疲惫在远程工作中的作用

IF 1.5 4区管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR

Economic and Industrial Democracy

Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/0143831X221095111

J. Lazauskaitė-Zabielskė, I. Urbanavičiūtė, Arūnas Žiedelis

This study aims to longitudinally investigate the undesirable effect of overwork climate and its underlying mechanism in the context of telework. Teleworkers have been known for intensive working and even overwork. Moreover, although some empirical evidence shows the adverse effects of overwork climate, its longitudinal effects and mechanism have been underexplored thus far. Consequently, this study expected overwork climate to be related to lower levels of psychological detachment that eventually leads to higher exhaustion, with this effect being more profound among full-time teleworkers. The authors base their analyses on a two-wave study with four-month time intervals, with a sample of 375 teleworkers. The results show that an overwork climate led to exhaustion four months later due to impaired ability to detach from work. Notably, this effect was more substantial among those teleworkers who worked from home full-time.

本研究旨在纵向探讨远程工作环境下过度工作气候的不良影响及其潜在机制。远程工作者以高强度工作甚至超时工作而闻名。此外，尽管一些经验证据显示了过度工作气候的不利影响，但其纵向影响和机制迄今尚未得到充分探讨。因此，本研究预计，过度工作氛围与较低水平的心理疏离有关，最终导致更高的疲惫，这种影响在全职远程工作者中更为深刻。作者的分析基于一项两波研究，每隔四个月进行一次，样本为375名远程工作者。结果显示，过度工作的氛围导致4个月后由于无法脱离工作而感到疲惫。值得注意的是，这种影响在那些在家全职工作的远程工作者中更为明显。

引用次数: 3

Robots and unions: The moderating effect of organized labour on technological unemployment 机器人与工会:有组织劳工对技术性失业的调节作用

IF 1.5 4区管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR

Economic and Industrial Democracy

Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/0143831X221094078

Henri Haapanala, I. Marx, Zachary Parolin

This study analyses the moderating effect of union density on industrial employment and unemployment in advanced economies facing exposure to industrial robots. Applying random effects within-between regression models to a pseudo-panel of observations from 27 European countries and the United States over 1998–2019, the study finds that higher union density is associated with a greater decline in industry-sector employment for younger workers and workers with lower secondary education when robot exposure increases. It is also found that the unemployment rate declines more strongly in countries with low union density when robot exposure increases. These findings suggest that exposure to industrial robots promotes labour market dualization in strongly unionized countries, whereas workers with tertiary education and labour market tenure are the main beneficiaries from technological change.

本研究分析了工会密度对面临工业机器人的发达经济体工业就业和失业的调节作用。该研究将回归模型中的随机效应应用于1998-2009年期间来自27个欧洲国家和美国的一个伪观察小组，发现当机器人暴露量增加时，工会密度越高，年轻工人和中等教育程度较低的工人在行业部门的就业率下降越大。研究还发现，当机器人暴露量增加时，工会密度低的国家的失业率下降幅度更大。这些发现表明，在工会力量强大的国家，接触工业机器人会促进劳动力市场的二元化，而受过高等教育和劳动力市场保有权的工人是技术变革的主要受益者。

引用次数: 1

Membership in employers’ associations and collective bargaining coverage in Germany 德国雇主协会成员资格和集体谈判覆盖范围

IF 1.5 4区管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR

Economic and Industrial Democracy

Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/0143831X221092484

Uwe Jirjahn

While there is a strong overlap between membership in employers’ associations and collective bargaining coverage, the overlap is far from being perfect. Using unique firm-level data from Germany, this study estimates the determinants of the membership in employers’ associations and the coverage by industry-level or firm-level agreements. The analysis particularly focuses on the various constellations of membership and collective bargaining status. The results show that firm-level worker representation, foreign ownership, work organization, firm size, age and East–West differences are important determinants. Altogether, the analysis demonstrates that a more differentiated picture of industrial relations can be obtained by considering both membership in employers’ associations and collective bargaining coverage.

尽管雇主协会的会员资格与集体谈判的覆盖范围之间存在很大的重叠，但这种重叠远非完美。本研究利用德国独特的企业层面数据，估计了雇主协会成员资格的决定因素以及行业层面或企业层面协议的覆盖范围。分析特别侧重于成员和集体谈判地位的各种星座。结果表明，企业层面的工人代表、外资所有权、工作组织、企业规模、年龄和东西方差异是重要的决定因素。总而言之，分析表明，通过考虑雇主协会的成员资格和集体谈判的范围，可以获得更有区别的劳资关系图景。

引用次数: 2

Automation and the future of work: An intersectional study of the role of human capital, income, gender and visible minority status 自动化与工作的未来：人力资本、收入、性别和明显的少数群体地位作用的交叉研究

IF 1.5 4区管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR

Economic and Industrial Democracy

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/0143831X221088301

Bui K. Petersen, J. Chowhan, Gordon B. Cooke, Ray Gosine, Peter J. Warrian

This study extends prior research assessing the impacts of advancements in automation on employment by focusing on the effect on various population groups. Employing a human capital and intersectionality lens, and a moderated-mediation analysis of Canadian 2016 Census data, this study finds the effects of automation differ significantly depending on the intersections of income level, gender and visible minority status, differences that for the most part are explained (or mediated) by human capital, especially education. The article discusses several public policy implications related to the roles of individuals, employers and governments in addressing the resulting labour market challenges.

这项研究通过关注对不同人群的影响，扩展了先前评估自动化进步对就业影响的研究。本研究采用人力资本和交叉性的视角，并对加拿大2016年人口普查数据进行适度的中介分析，发现自动化的影响因收入水平、性别和明显的少数民族地位的交叉点而异，这些差异在很大程度上是由人力资本，尤其是教育来解释（或中介）的。文章讨论了与个人、雇主和政府在应对由此产生的劳动力市场挑战方面的作用有关的几个公共政策影响。

引用次数: 2

Self-employment experience effects on well-being: A longitudinal study 自雇经验对幸福感的影响:一项纵向研究

IF 1.5 4区管理学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR

Economic and Industrial Democracy

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/0143831X221086017

Nicholas Litsardopoulos, G. Saridakis, Y. Georgellis, C. Hand

The notion that self-employed individuals are more satisfied with their jobs than wage-employees has found broad empirical support. Previous research exploring the well-being effects of self-employment typically relies on direct cross-sectional comparisons between wage-employees and self-employed or on longitudinal investigations of transitions in or out of self-employment. In this study, the authors use individuals’ employment status histories in British longitudinal data to examine how accumulated self-employment experience affects job satisfaction, satisfaction with leisure and satisfaction with income. The study finds that those with past work experience only as self-employed report higher levels of job satisfaction than those with experience only as wage-employees. However, individuals with mixed work experience profiles are the most satisfied. This suggests a non-monotonic relationship between self-employment and job satisfaction. Patterns of self-employment experience and other satisfaction domains, such as satisfaction with income or leisure, are more nuanced, differing across gender lines.

自营职业者比工薪阶层员工对自己的工作更满意的观点得到了广泛的实证支持。先前探索自营职业幸福感影响的研究通常依赖于工资雇员和个体经营者之间的直接横截面比较，或对自营职业的转变或转变的纵向调查。在这项研究中，作者使用英国纵向数据中的个人就业状况历史来检验积累的自营职业经验如何影响工作满意度、休闲满意度和收入满意度。研究发现，那些过去只有自营职业经历的人比那些只有工资雇员经历的人报告的工作满意度更高。然而，具有混合工作经验的个人最为满意。这表明自营职业和工作满意度之间存在非单调关系。自营职业经历和其他满意度领域的模式，如对收入或休闲的满意度，更为微妙，因性别而异。

引用次数: 0

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