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A Beginning Music Teacher’s Micropolitical Literacy Development 音乐教师微观政治素养发展初探
IF 1.4 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-08-19 DOI: 10.1177/00224294231190404
Ryan D. Shaw
When teachers and school staff work together, it inevitably involves issues of power, influence, diplomacy, and cooperation; this has been termed “micropolitics,” and the ability to read situations with micropolitics in mind has been identified as “micropolitical literacy.” The purpose of this year-long case study was to explore one beginning music teacher’s micropolitical literacy development with explicit connections to the framework put forth by Kelchtermans and Ballet. The research questions were (1) How does the participant describe their micropolitical understanding? (2) How does the participant describe their micropolitical strategies? and (3) How does the participant feel about their micropolitical literacy? Qualitative analysis of interview transcripts suggested themes aligned with the theoretical framework’s aspects of know (understanding), do (strategies), and feel (experiential). The participant’s knowledge development focused on power dynamics, structures, and relationships. Strategies included gaining clout and reframing situations. Furthermore, the participant’s experience of micropolitical literacy development was fraught with negative emotions and uncertainty. Overall, literacy development was stymied by systemic challenges in the district.
当教师和学校工作人员一起工作时,不可避免地会涉及权力、影响力、外交和合作问题;这被称为“微观政治学”,在考虑到微观政治的情况下阅读情境的能力被确定为“微政治素养”。这项为期一年的案例研究的目的是探索一位音乐教师的微观政治素养发展,并与Kelchtermans和Ballet提出的框架有着明确的联系。研究问题是(1)参与者如何描述他们对微观政治的理解?(2) 参与者如何描述他们的微观政治策略?以及(3)参与者对自己的微观政治素养有何感受?对访谈记录的定性分析表明,主题与理论框架的认知(理解)、行为(策略)和感觉(体验)方面一致。参与者的知识发展侧重于权力动态、结构和关系。战略包括获得影响力和重塑局面。此外,参与者的微观政治素养发展经历充满了负面情绪和不确定性。总体而言,该地区的系统性挑战阻碍了识字发展。
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引用次数: 0
“A Completely Different World”: A Counterstory of Transfronterizx Experiences “一个完全不同的世界”:跨边疆经验的反故事
IF 1.4 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/00224294231187860
C. Gerrard, Rey
This article provides a counterstory to damaging, dominant narratives concerning migrant experiences and border crossings. Through counter-storytelling, I share Rey’s lived experiences as a transfronterizx (transborder) student who crossed the United States–Mexico border daily to attend school and eventually, participate in school music. The overarching question guiding the study was: What are a transfronterizx student’s experiences navigating school and school music in the United States? Based on the findings, Rey encountered literal and metaphorical barriers as he pursued an education in the United States. In particular, navigating language, deficit-based teaching practices, surveillance, and policing were key in his narrative. Currently as a music educator, Rey draws from his personal transfronterizx background to inform his music teaching practices in a predominantly Latine school community. Considerations for working with migrant students and families are discussed in light of ongoing sociopolitical issues, including the need for more culturally and linguistically responsive practices.
本文提供了一个关于移民经历和边境过境的破坏性的、占主导地位的叙述的反故事。通过反叙事,我分享了雷伊作为一名跨国界学生的生活经历,她每天穿越美国和墨西哥边境上学,并最终参与学校音乐。指导这项研究的首要问题是:在美国,跨国界学生在学校和学校音乐方面的体验是什么?基于这些发现,雷伊在美国接受教育时遇到了字面上和隐喻上的障碍。特别是,导航语言,基于缺陷的教学实践,监视和警务是他叙述的关键。目前作为一名音乐教育家,雷伊从他个人的跨界背景中汲取灵感,在一个以拉丁裔学校为主的社区开展音乐教学实践。根据当前的社会政治问题,包括需要更多的文化和语言响应实践,讨论了与移民学生和家庭合作的考虑因素。
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引用次数: 0
Editor’s Forum Editor’s论坛
4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/00224294231189603
Peter Miksza
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引用次数: 0
We Wear the Mask: The Lived Experiences of Black Undergraduate Music Education Students in Predominantly White Schools of Music 我们戴着面具:黑人本科音乐教育学生在以白人为主的音乐学校的生活经历
IF 1.4 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/00224294231186528
Quinton D. Parker
The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to understand how Black undergraduate music education students make meaning of their lived experiences in predominantly White schools of music (PWSOM). The study was guided by the overall research questions: (1) What makes the lived experience of Black undergraduate music education students unique? and (2) What meaning(s) and understanding(s) do Black undergraduate music education students ascribe to their experiences in PWSOM? Data were collected primarily through open-ended interviews with nine Black undergraduate music education students in PWSOM in the United States. Data analysis revealed seven emergent themes, including (a) navigating the negative perceptions of White people; (b) making White people comfortable; (c) working harder to prove myself; (d) “Do I belong here?”; (e) a climate of racial and cultural insensitivity; (f) distrust of White faculty; and (g) sacrifice and survival. Findings were interpreted using Du Bois’s theory of double consciousness and van Manen’s four existentials of lived experience. Interpretation revealed the essence of the phenomenon to be living a dissonant existence.
这项解释学现象学研究的目的是了解黑人音乐教育本科生如何理解他们在以白人为主的音乐学校(PWSOM)的生活经历。本研究以以下总体研究问题为指导:(1)是什么让黑人音乐教育本科生的生活经历独一无二?以及(2)黑人音乐教育本科生将他们在PWSOM的经历归因于什么意义和理解?数据主要是通过对美国PWSOM九名黑人音乐教育本科生的开放式采访收集的。数据分析揭示了七个新兴主题,包括(a)驾驭白人的负面认知;(b) 让白人感到舒适;(c) 更加努力地证明自己;(d) “我属于这里吗?”;(e) 对种族和文化不敏感的气氛;(f) 对白人教师的不信任;以及(g)牺牲和生存。运用杜波依斯的双重意识理论和范的四种生存经验论对研究结果进行了阐释。解读揭示了这种现象的本质是一种不和谐的存在。
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引用次数: 0
Is Major Minor? The Relationship Between Music Major Status and a Measure of Musical Sophistication 是少校还是少校?音乐专业地位与音乐成熟度的关系
IF 1.4 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/00224294231185321
Steven J. Morrison, Aaron D. Himes, M. Montemayor, D. G. Springer
Although music education researchers often utilize music major status as a single-item proxy variable for musician status—and with this designation presume musical competencies or abilities of research participants—there is a lack of research demonstrating links between status as a music major and those assumed competencies. In this study, we compared undergraduate music majors and non-music majors ( N = 237) at the group and individual levels using Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI), a well-established measure of multiple ways in which people report engaging with music. Comparing group means, we found that music majors scored higher than non-music majors on each Gold-MSI subscale. Moderate distribution overlap suggested that these results should be considered cautiously. A logistic regression analysis further suggested the complexity of using music major status as a single-item measure, given that music major status was only strongly predicted by the musical training subscale. Measures such as Gold-MSI may provide a viable and psychometrically sound way of determining musical sophistication that will allow more granular and refined analyses of studies relating to musical competencies.
尽管音乐教育研究人员经常将音乐专业地位作为音乐家地位的单项代理变量,并根据这一指定假设研究参与者的音乐能力或能力,但缺乏研究表明音乐专业地位与这些假设能力之间的联系。在这项研究中,我们比较了本科音乐专业和非音乐专业(N = 237)在群体和个人层面使用Goldsmiths音乐复杂度指数(Gold MSI),这是一种公认的衡量人们参与音乐的多种方式的指标。比较组平均值,我们发现音乐专业学生在每个金牌MSI分量表上的得分都高于非音乐专业学生。适度的分布重叠表明,应谨慎考虑这些结果。逻辑回归分析进一步表明,将音乐专业状态作为单项测量的复杂性,因为音乐专业状态仅由音乐训练分量表强烈预测。Gold MSI等指标可以提供一种可行的、心理测量学上合理的方法来确定音乐成熟度,从而对与音乐能力相关的研究进行更精细的分析。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Model Recordings on Undergraduate Conductors’ Tempo Selections 模型录音对大学生指挥家节奏选择的影响
IF 1.4 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1177/00224294231183903
B. Silvey, M. Montemayor, D. G. Springer, Faith Hall, Robert Fears
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of model recordings on undergraduate conductors’ tempo decisions for selected wind band excerpts. Participants ( N = 42) studied three music score excerpts for 5 minutes each either (a) with an increased-tempo recording, (b) with a decreased-tempo recording, or (c) with a metronome set to the faster, printed tempo in the score, followed by a tapping task to demonstrate their preferred tempo. Participants returned 48 hours after their score study session for retention testing in the form of a second tapping task. Results indicated that for two of the three pieces, participants tapped faster in response to the metronome compared to both the decreased- and increased-tempo model recordings. Participants’ tempo choices at the first testing session were most often not significantly different than the tempos they heard during study. However, we found that participants’ preferred tempos did not vary as a function of study conditions during the retention testing session that occurred 48 hours later, where tempos trended toward moderation across all three musical selections. We speculate that pedagogical recommendations to avoid using model recordings may have limited empirical support, at least among novice conductors and at least in terms of possible long-term effects from short-term use.
本研究的目的是确定模型录音对大学生指挥家对所选管乐队选段的节奏决定的影响。参与者(N = 42)在5分钟内研究了三段乐谱节选,每段都是(a)增加节奏的录音,(b)减少节奏的录音或(c)将节拍器设置为乐谱中更快的印刷节奏,然后进行敲击任务以展示他们喜欢的节奏。参与者返回48 在他们的分数研究会议后数小时,以第二次敲击任务的形式进行保留测试。结果表明,与降低和增加节奏的模型录音相比,三首作品中的两首,参与者对节拍器的敲击反应更快。参与者在第一次测试中的节奏选择通常与他们在研究中听到的节奏没有显著差异。然而,我们发现,在保留测试期间,参与者的首选tempo并没有随着研究条件的变化而变化48 几个小时后,在所有三个音乐选择中,节奏都趋于平缓。我们推测,避免使用模型录音的教学建议可能具有有限的经验支持,至少在新手指挥中是这样,至少在短期使用可能产生的长期影响方面是这样。
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引用次数: 0
Music Educators as DJs: Remixing Teaching With Hip-Hop 音乐教育家作为dj:与Hip-Hop混音教学
IF 1.4 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1177/00224294231181509
Donna J. Gallo, A. Kruse
To investigate how music educators engage their students with Hip-Hop, we adopted a “research remix” approach, combining elements of case study and constructivist grounded theory. This approach allowed us to privilege Hip-Hop culture and to construct new understandings about Hip-Hop teaching and learning. Six elementary and middle school music teachers implemented Hip-Hop-focused instruction in their classrooms while also attending professional development workshops. Data included videos of classroom instruction, participant interviews, and videos of the workshops with co-facilitation from Hip-Hop artists and the researchers. Educators encountered tensions and challenges related to a perceived Hip-Hop “realness” and a lack of musical and pedagogical skills. To address these challenges, participants remixed their approaches by blending elements of Hip-Hop music and culture with their established teaching strategies. Teachers’ dispositions and feedback from students and colleagues engendered critical reflections about their positionalities in relation to Hip-Hop. We constructed a visual model of a DJ as a metaphor to describe participants’ approaches to remixing their teaching with Hip-Hop within their contexts. Implications include a need for increased emphasis on Hip-Hop in U.S. music teacher education programs and institutional pathways for Hip-Hop musicians to become music educators.
为了调查音乐教育工作者如何让学生参与嘻哈音乐,我们采用了一种“研究混音”的方法,结合了案例研究和建构主义理论的元素。这种方法使我们能够尊重嘻哈文化,并构建对嘻哈教学的新理解。六名中小学音乐教师在课堂上进行了以嘻哈为重点的教学,同时还参加了专业发展研讨会。数据包括课堂教学视频、参与者访谈以及嘻哈艺术家和研究人员共同促成的研讨会视频。教育工作者遇到了与嘻哈“真实性”以及缺乏音乐和教学技能有关的紧张和挑战。为了应对这些挑战,参与者将嘻哈音乐和文化元素与既定的教学策略相结合,重新组合了他们的方法。教师的性格以及学生和同事的反馈引发了对他们在嘻哈方面的立场的批判性反思。我们构建了一个DJ的视觉模型作为隐喻,以描述参与者在其背景下将教学与嘻哈音乐相结合的方法。其影响包括需要在美国音乐教师教育计划中更加重视嘻哈音乐,以及嘻哈音乐人成为音乐教育工作者的制度途径。
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引用次数: 0
Professional Development Among U.S. Music and Non-Music Teachers: Comparative Evidence From the 2017–2018 National Teacher and Principal Survey 美国音乐和非音乐教师的专业发展:来自2017-2018年全国教师和校长调查的比较证据
IF 1.4 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-02 DOI: 10.1177/00224294231180084
Justin J. West
The purpose of this study was to describe music teacher professional development (PD) in the United States and to chart potential differences between the experiences of music teachers, other arts teachers (visual art, theater, dance), and teachers in low-stakes (natural and social sciences) and high-stakes (math, English language arts) academic disciplines. Using data from the 2017–2018 National Teacher and Principal Survey, I evaluated PD practices, perceptions, and policies against six consensus criteria for effective PD: content specificity, social interaction, sustained duration, relevance, agency, and policy support. Findings showed music teacher participation in content-specific and socially interactive PD was robust and that the vast majority of music teachers described their PD as relevant. Cross-comparisons revealed discipline associations as to some criteria (social interaction, relevance, agency) but not others (content specificity, sustained duration, policy support). Although music teachers achieved parity or were advantaged in some areas (e.g., access to content-specific PD), they consistently reported less access to socially interactive PD, spent less overall time in PD, and were considerably less likely to exercise agency in support of their PD endeavors. Music teachers—along with their art, theater, and dance colleagues—generally, although not overwhelmingly, operated on less favorable PD terrain in 2017–2018.
本研究的目的是描述美国音乐教师的专业发展(PD),并绘制音乐教师、其他艺术教师(视觉艺术、戏剧、舞蹈)以及低风险(自然科学和社会科学)和高风险(数学、英语语言艺术)学科教师之间的潜在差异。使用2017-2018年全国教师和校长调查的数据,我根据有效的PD的六个共识标准评估了PD的实践,观念和政策:内容特异性,社会互动性,持续时间,相关性,代理和政策支持。研究结果表明,音乐教师对特定内容和社会互动PD的参与是稳健的,绝大多数音乐教师认为他们的PD是相关的。交叉比较揭示了学科在某些标准(社会互动、相关性、代理)上的关联,但在其他标准(内容特异性、持续时间、政策支持)上没有关联。尽管音乐教师在某些领域(例如,获得特定内容的PD)取得了平等或优势,但他们一直报告说,他们获得社交互动PD的机会较少,在PD上花费的总时间较少,并且在支持他们的PD努力方面行使代理的可能性大大降低。2017-2018年,音乐教师——以及他们的艺术、戏剧和舞蹈同事——通常(尽管不是压倒性的)在不太有利的PD环境中工作。
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引用次数: 0
Challenging Stereotypes? Norwegian Music Teachers’ Repertoires on Gender Roles and Gender-Expansiveness 挑战刻板印象?挪威音乐教师关于性别角色和性别扩展的剧目
IF 1.4 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1177/00224294231175859
Eirik Skjelstad, L. Ellefsen
The 2020 Norwegian national curriculum for primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary education includes a “competence aim” after Year 7 that expects pupils to be able to “investigate how gender, gender roles, and sexuality are presented in music and dance in the public sphere and create expressions that challenge stereotypes.” This article reviews four focus group interviews in which music teachers discussed the relevance and application of the new competence aim and their own experiences with gender roles and gender-expansive expressions among their pupils in their music practices. Using analytical tools from the field of discourse psychology, we trace and identify the discursive resources or “repertoires” that music teachers draw on when approaching questions of gender roles, gender identities, and sexuality. While the repertoires in question imply that the teachers hold progressive views about gender identities and expressions, the notion of “ideological dilemmas” enables us to ask whether the progressive attitudes may in fact also work to confirm perceptions of normative, binary gender conformity, hence also delimiting the diversity and freedom of gender expression that the repertoires seem to celebrate. We suggest that a queer pedagogical thinking can offer music teachers tools to address topics related to gender roles, sexuality, and queerness in their music educational practices.
2020年挪威小学、初中和高中教育国家课程包括一个7年级后的“能力目标”,希望学生能够“调查性别、性别角色和性行为如何在公共领域的音乐和舞蹈中表现出来,并创造挑战刻板印象的表达方式。“本文回顾了四次焦点小组访谈,音乐教师在访谈中讨论了新能力目标的相关性和应用,以及他们自己在音乐实践中对学生性别角色和性别膨胀表达的经历。使用话语心理学领域的分析工具,我们追踪和识别音乐教师在处理性别角色、性别认同和性问题时所使用的话语资源或“曲目”。虽然有问题的曲目暗示教师对性别认同和表达持有进步的观点,但“意识形态困境”的概念使我们能够问,进步的态度是否也确实可以证实规范性、二元性别一致性的看法,因此,也界定了剧目似乎庆祝的性别表达的多样性和自由。我们建议,酷儿教学思想可以为音乐教师提供工具,在他们的音乐教育实践中解决与性别角色、性和酷儿有关的话题。
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引用次数: 0
Meeting the Social and Emotional Needs of P–12 Learners: A Descriptive Study of Music Teacher Education Programs 满足P-12学习者的社会和情感需求:音乐教师教育项目的描述性研究
IF 1.4 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/00224294231174606
Mara E. Culp, Christina L. Svec, M. McConkey, Scott N. Edgar, Daniel S. Hellman, Kathleen Melago, Holly Smith
The purpose of this survey study was to describe how teacher preparation programs prepare undergraduate preservice music teachers to consider P–12 learners’ socioemotional development. Music teacher education programs ( N = 665) were identified from the 2019 Title II Report of National Teacher Preparation Data. Program representatives were invited via email to complete an online questionnaire; data from respondents ( n = 133) were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings revealed that programs varied greatly in providing opportunities, conceptions, and practices. Relevant, embedded coursework existed in most music teacher education programs. Just under one quarter of respondents reported requiring socioemotional development coursework, and 4.51% indicated at least one music-specific course. Course topics were directed at specific populations and teaching methods; courses were often housed in education, psychology, or sociology departments. Required experiences included fieldwork in general music, practicum, student teaching, or “diverse,” rural, or urban settings. Methods of delivery for optional experiences were similar to required experiences, with the addition of conferences and partnerships with organizations.
这项调查研究的目的是描述教师准备计划如何让本科生职前音乐教师考虑P–12学习者的社会情感发展。音乐教师教育项目(N = 665)是从2019年第二篇国家教师准备数据报告中确定的。通过电子邮件邀请项目代表填写在线问卷;来自受访者的数据(n = 133)进行定量和定性分析。研究结果显示,项目在提供机会、概念和实践方面差异很大。大多数音乐教师教育项目中都存在相关的嵌入式课程。不到四分之一的受访者表示需要社会情感发展课程,4.51%的受访者表示至少有一门音乐专业课程。课程主题针对特定人群和教学方法;课程通常设在教育、心理学或社会学系。所需经验包括一般音乐、实习、学生教学或“多样化”农村或城市环境的实地调查。提供可选经验的方法与所需经验类似,增加了会议和与各组织的伙伴关系。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Research in Music Education
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